*1 Ex30-35a Note, in these two examples Rashi uses the method
of NAMING by APPEARANCE/FORM.

Other examples of naming by FORM/APPEARANCE
are the ORANGE dress, or the PENTAGON.

Other examples of naming by ACTIVITY FORM might be
the phrases BRAIN-STORMING or SURFING THE NET.

*1 HAD ALREADY indicates the PAST PERFECT; that is, an activity
that happened before another Past activity. In English this
is indicated using the AUXILLIARY VERB HAD. In Hebrew it
is indicated with the PAST CONJUGATION (The ABSOLUTE PAST
is indicated in Hebrew with PREFIX VAV+FUTURE).

Gn03 discusses the sin of Adam/Eve/Snake in Paradise. Gn04-01,
the birth of Kayin HAD HAPPENED before the Paradise sin.
Rashi explains that the birth of Kayin belongs with the verse
prior to the Paradise sin chapter
--------------------------------------------------------
Adam and Eve were naked but not embarassed (Involved
in love making). She conceived and gave birth to Kayin
--------------------------------------------------------

Rashi explains that the snake saw Eve naked and wanted
Adam killed so he could marry her--hence the interruption
of the story and the use of the PAST PERFECT

*2 LIMPING connotes a PAST EVENT in one point in time. WAS LIMPING
connotes an ongoing past activity. In English an ONGOING
PAST ACTIVITY is indicated using the AUXILLIARY VERB, WAS.
In Hebrew it is indicated by the present conjugation.

*3 REMEMBER connotes a command that should be done once.
CONTINUALLY REMEMBER connotes a COMMAND TO CONTINUALLY
BE INVOLVED AND REPEAT A PERFORMANCE. There is no
PROGRESSIVE COMMAND in English. In Hebrew the PROGRESSIVE
COMMAND is indicated by the infinitive conjugation.

The Talmud explains that CONTINUALLY REMEMBER the
Sabbath implies that e.g. we should be looking the
whole week for good dishes, wine and good bread
for the Sabbath.

*4 (Gn29-08a) The Shepards are describing the following
- we are CURRENTLY doing nothing
- at some FUTURE time we will ALL be gathered
- at that moment we can ROLE the stone

In English this would be expressed as the sentence
----------------------------------
UNTIL WE GATHER AND ROLE THE STONE
----------------------------------
uses a SIMPLE PRESENT since the ROLLING is done
at the same time (PRESENT) as the gathering(PRESENT.

However Hebrew uses the ABSOLUTE FUTURE CONJUGATION
since the ROLLING will be done IMMEDIATELY AFTER
the SHEPARDS gather.
---------------------------------------------
UNTIL the shepards WILL GATHER and WILL ROLL the stone
---------------------------------------------

(Ex18-16a)In the second example
which does not use the word UNTIL
- the conditional is indicated with the FUTURE
-----------------------------
when someone WILL HAVE a case
-----------------------------
- the consequent action is indicated with the PRESENT
--------------------
then they COME to me
--------------------

In English we would use CONDITIONAL PRESENT
---------------------------------------
When someone HAS(PRESENT) a case they COME(PRESENT) to me
---------------------------------------

*5 The FUTURE connotes something that WILL HAPPEN. In
English we call this the INDICATIVE mode. The
SUBJUNCTIVE mode indicates something that is
EXPECTED to happen. Hence Laban says
----------------------------------------------
Because you are my relative you SHOULD work
for nothing?
----------------------------------------------
English indicates the SUBJUNCTIVE with the
auxilliary verb SHOULD. Hebrew indicates
the SUBJUNCTIVE using PREFIX VAV+PAST(Similar
to the way it indicates the FUTURE).

*1
Apparently there are people in
- MOSES NATION who are not it
- THE NATION YOU TOOK OUT OF EGYPT.
A reasonable explanation is that Moses had
many converts---it was these converts who
instigated the call to worship the golden calf;
therefore when God says YOUR NATION there is a
nuance of REBUKE since Moses indirectly caused it

*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are
referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32)
have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast
all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23
and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not
a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm)


*2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm
Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a
light green (which would contradict this list). But as I
show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his
commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out
that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all
doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all
roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11
and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses
Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense
back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be
translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very
SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR)

*3 Many of the examples in this list are CONSTRUCTS
e.g. The HOLY of HOLIES. Future additions to this
list will emphasize examples similar to Lv01-08d

*4 So the repeated word MAN must refer to the narrow meaning
of the Hebrew ISH which means A DISTINGUISHED man such
as an Angel or Judge.

*5 In legal terminology the repetition creates ESSENTIALITY
- The wood is on the altar; and MUST be on the altar
- Blood on ear; oil on ear; and the blood MUST come first

*6 In other words the priest can defile himself to a sister
who is REALLY NOT MARRIED (not married and still CLOSE
to her brother the Priest)--thus the priest can defile
himself to a SINGLE and ENGAGED sister but not to a
MARRIED sister

*7 If you review Lv22-17:25 you will find 3-5 repetitions
of the concept that BLEMISHED ANIMALS SHOULD NOT BE
OFFERED (or PLACED ON FIRE) TO GOD. Therefore the
REPETITION applies to ANY PART OF THE OFFERING
PROCEDURE. The main parts of the OFFERING PROCEDURE are
- DEDICATION of the animal
- SLAUGHTER of animal
- RECEIPT of animal blood
- OFFERING ON FIRE of organs*10

*8 In other words only is he is REALLY BLEMISHED = STILL
BLEMISHED (But if he recovered from the Blemish then
the law does not apply and he can offer offerings)


*9 The verse states
----------------------------------------------------
If blood falls on a GARMENT, then wash in the temple
THAT ON WHICH IT FELL
----------------------------------------------------

The capped words indicate a quasi repetition. This
repetition creates emphasis. ONLY the part of the
garment on which the blood is sprinkled need be
washed.

*10 An important point about learning Rashi should be
emphasized. Many Rashi commentators play NUMBER GAMES
- they count FOUR repetitions of DONT OFFER
- they then note FOUR applications of emphasis in Rashi
(to a) Dedication b) Slaughter c) receipt of blood
d) offering

However our approach in this list has always been
conceptual. The REPETITION denotes EMPHASIS. The
EMPHASIS in turn simply includes ALL CASES--ALL PARTS
OF THE PROCEDURE. We think this a mature and satisfying
approach to Rashi.

*11 The whole verselet A STRANGER CANNOT EAT TERUMAH is
repeated.   The simple way of taking it is that
- ONLY strangers are restricted from eating TERUMAH
- ALL other PRIESTS (EVEN SUCh AND SUCH) may eat TERUMAH
The details of the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH are not
necessarily explicitly mentioned and must be guessed
at by those knowledgeable of Jewish law.

Rashi(Lv22-13b) applies the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH (Lv22-13b)
to a Priest whose relative just died and prior
to burial. EVEN THOUGH a BEFORE-BURIAL PRIEST MAY NOT EAT
SACRIFICIAL ITEMS nevertheless he MAY EAT TERUMAH

*12
Note the following repetition
-Lv25-15b buy from colleagues by NUMBER YEARS SINCE JUBILEE
-Lv25-15b sell -------------- by NUMBER YEARS OF PRODUCE

Without the REPETITION I would simply state (as Rashi does)
-----------------------------------------------------------
So eg if your field produces an average yield of $1000 a
year then in year 0 of the Jubilee it would be worth 50,000
because the buyer would expect $1000 x 50 years=50,000;
by contrast in year 40 of the Jubilee it would be worth
10,000 because the buyer only expect $1000 x 10 years=10,000
In other words the
VALUE OF THE FIELD = YIELD PER YEAR x NUMBER OF YEARS
If however a person sold the field for $50,000 in year 40
he would be overcharging for the field and violating a
Biblical law
-----------------------------------------------------------

It is important to emphasize that, as Rashi states
----------------------------------------------------
Whatever other meaning we derive (from the repetition),
these OTHER MEANINGS, are BESIDES the simple meaning
of the text
----------------------------------------------------

Without the REPETITION I would look at the PLURAL WORD
YEARS in the verse and simply state
---------------------------------------------------
Most sales are for YEARS (vs 1 year). Hence the
law is stated using typical examples. However the
law applies EQUALLY whether you sold the field for
one YEAR or many YEARS.
---------------------------------------------------
Here I used the Rashi rule of GENERALIZATION--which
requires that verses are seen as stating laws using
typical examples.

However we dont use the rule of GENERALIZATION when
the verse has some limitation.

Thus using the Rashi rule of REPETITION we see that
- the REPETITION requires EMPHASIS
- the EMPHASIS requires RESTRICTIVE meaning
I therefore infer that
--------------------------------------------------
A sale of land requires a minimum of 2 years.
We infer this from the REPEATED word, YEARS
which indicates AT LEAST TWO YEARS
--------------------------------------------------

To recap:
- It would be a mistake to think that Rashi
arbitrarily picked on the word YEARS and
required all sales to be two years
- Indeed in many cases Biblical laws are
stated using typical examples and generalized
to other cases
- However SINCE there is a REPETITION in the
verse therefore I am justified and required
to interpret the verse literally---a sale
must be for at least YEARS (that is 2 years)


The above is a peachy example of Rashi...it shows
that pickiness and restrictive meaning is only
one tool available to the Biblical student--this
tool may ONLY be used when required. In this
verse it is the repetition that requires it--
without the repetition I would not have come
to this conclusion.

This is fundamental to understanding Talmudic homiletics

*13 You can vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION on something NEUTRAL
but you cannot vow to prohibit an OBLIGATION (Such as
a vow to abstain from the Passover offering which you
are obligated to eat)

*14 Gn09-14b and Gn09-14a are really one Rashi. But this
email list is based on the Davka edition of Rashi,
version 3.0.6. Since there are two boldface words
on Gn09-14 we count them as two Rashis.

Note there is a slight problem with
- interpreting CLOUD A CLOUD=storm without light
- and the verse statement--RAINBOW will be seen

So Rashi adds as follows
-----------------------------------------------
When God PLANS to bring a fierce storm
He will see the rainbow and not go all the way
-----------------------------------------------

*15 The emphasis in the REPETITION
-------------------------
And the servant took
- 10 CAMELs
- from his master's CAMELS
-------------------------

This emphasis enables Rashi to infer
that the CAMELS were SPECIAL.But Rashi
does not know HOW they were special.
Rather he infers the SPECIALNESS of the
animals by going to an OTHER VERSE
Gn24-32 states
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[When] the servant came into the
house [then] he UNMUZZLED the camels
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hence the Rashi comment
----------------------------
The servant took his MASTER'S
CAMELS which were known for
their religiousity of being
muzzled and not being allowed
to graze in the fields of others
----------------------------

*1 Many examples in this list come from previous
list in the metonomy series (LIST871a,
LIST871b, LIST871c)

*2 See LIST871e for 6 Rashis mentioning this HAND=DOMAIN
theme

*3 See LIST871f for verses where NSA means GIFT

*4 Rashi citing the Midrash Rabbah states
-------------------------------------
Your violence is something you VIOLATED
from Esauv (You are killing like Esauv)
-------------------------------------

But I see no reason to see this Midrash
as the PRIMARY simple meaning of the
verse. The PRIMARY meaning of the verse
is that Shimon and Levi were criminals
The Midrash is simply adding a pun to this
observation.

*5 See LIST871g for some examples

*6 This is a common metonomy that occurs in English
(eg America-Americans etc).

Rashi is cute here: He EXPLAINS the metonomy
----------------------------------------------
When the soldiers die at sea their loved ones
back in Egypt also suffer and in effect are
smitten by God
----------------------------------------------
Rashi does not contradict the metonomy--he
simply shows why it is convenient to identify
the LAND and PEOPLE.

*7 The night was traditionally divided into three
times of Guard duty. The GUARD DUTY near dawn
was called the MORNING WATCH (Cf Ju07-19 for
confirmation that there was a BEGINNING WATCH, MIDDLE
WATCH and DAWN WATCH)

*8 The phrases SEEK GOD, SEEK IN GOD, occur in several
verses and denote SEEKING ADVICE OF GOD. Compare for
example (1S09-09, 1K22-08 or even 2K01-03 (Seeking
advice of idolatrous gods). For alternate meanings
see note *10.

*9 The exact verse text is
--------------------------------------------------
You will have to remove the old grain for the new
--------------------------------------------------
This means
---------------------
You will have plenty
---------------------

In other words removal of the OLD for the NEW
is simply something RELATED to PLENTY. The main
theme is plenty.

Similarly the Biblical text
------------------------------------------------------
The threshing season will bump into the harvest season
------------------------------------------------------
means
--------------------
you will have plenty
--------------------
Again the fact that we are STILL threshing when the
harvest comes is something RELATED to having plenty.
The main point is that there is PLENTY.

*10 On Gn25-22e there is a delightful Ramban Rashi controversy
Ramban points out that SEEK GOD can mean PRAYER. Rashi
holds it means PROPHETIC ADVICE. I brought about a dozen
verses which clearly show that
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to PRAYER
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to PROPHETIC ADVICE
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to BOTH Prayer/Prophecy
Hence I regard Ramban not as disagreeing with Rashi but
rather as complementing him. For further details see
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn25-22d.htm

*11 Clearly the Hebrew YeeChad comes from the root CHAD
which means SHARP. Rashi brings two opinions
- It means HE SHARPED (Mirthed at a SHARP WORD)
- It means HE TWINGED (Upset at PAINFUL news)

But Radack brings STRONG support that CHAD means
mirth. Indeed, in other verses, CHAD does mean
MIRTH (As in eg Neh08-10 or P021-07).

This controversy between Rashi and Radack
can be resolved Grammatically. The grammatical
form of VaYeeChad (Chirik, Patach) could come from
either
- INTENSE MODE of 1-2-Hey roots(Cheth-Daleth-Hey) or
- PASSIVE MODE of 1-2-2 roots(Cheth-Daleth-Daleth)

In the intense mode CHAD means MIRTH(Radack)

But in the PASSIVE MODE it would correspond to
RECEIVING (PASSIVE!) a SHARP twinge at hearing
bad news.

Hence the controversy is on the root and mode
of the word.

This explanation makes both viewpoints respectable
since Rashi would concede that CHEDVAH which
definitely comes from Cheth-Daleth-Hey means
MIRTH; Rashi could still maintain that Yee-Chad
means TWINGED since it comes from a different root

Rashi also points out that the translation
TWINGED would show that despite Jethros
happiness he still felt sorry for the Egyptians
thus showing the conflict between his past(non-jew)
and future (friend of Jews)

*12 AFTERNOON-LIGHT-OIL is an example of DOUBLE METONOMY
See LIST871c for other examples.

*13 Although Rashi comments on the phrase OIL-OLIVES the
phrase does not occur in Dt28-02b. This is obviously
a scribal error. (See sifsay Chachamim who "explains"
why the Rashi comments differ in the two verses. My
point of view is that Rashi is stating the same thing
and through a scribal error the Rashi was erroneously
repeated in Dt28-02b.

*14 The Hebrew root used is Nun-Pay-Lamed.
One naiive translation is FALL.
But EVEN if we translate this way we have Rashi reading
-------------------------------------------------
RASHI: She FELL AT SIGHT OF HIM--this means
-----  She Fell in love with him at first sight
-------------------------------------------------

But Rashi goes deeper. Most people falling in love
do not fall down. Rather they feel dizzy and perhaps
sway. Rashi (as does the Radack) points out that
--------------------------------------------------
Nun-Pay-Lamed has a basic meaning of FALL. However
it can mean ANY RELATED meaning (METONOMY!).
Radack brings as examples
- sway
- being secondary
- military swoop on a camp
- to barge in on guests
--------------------------------------------------

Many other examples are given. For this reason we
have simply translated the Rashi as saying that
SWAY AT SIGHT = LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.

*15 Certain IDIOMS represent NEW MEANING by
- FORM (e.g. HEART of FIRE=MIDST of FIRE)
- or FUNCTION (e.g. your MOUTH=your SPOKESMAN)
See
- LIST810b
- LIST810c
- LIST813a
- LIST815a

*16 Lv25-08:10 states that
----------------------------------------
Every 50 years is a JUBILEE year
The SHOFAR is sounded
and people and property are FREE
----------------------------------------

Here we see JUBILEE, SHOFAR and FREE
related. Hence the METONOMY principle
allows us to refer use the word JUBILEE
to refer to the SHOFAR.

*17  The complete Biblical texts and the
complete Rashis are as follows.
-VOICE OF BRAVERY REFRAIN means a MILITARY CRY
(e.g. WE WON with the crowd responding WE WON)
-VOICE OF WEAKNESS REFRAIN means a DEATH CRY
(e.g. OH MY GOD with the crowd responding OH MY GOD)
-VOICE OF REFRAIN means a BRAWL
(e.g. where a crowd tortures someone and hypnotically
refrains a torturer cry, the point being the crowd
acts as a crowd without any individuals)

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm