Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas
               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2006
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 30 Number 14
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h30n14.htm
               -----------------------------------
                     Produced August 3, 2006
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#*#
HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-14a
Dt04-14a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is to indicate paragraph
structure. The modern author can indicate paragraph
structure thru either
- indentation or
- white space: blank lines surrounding the paragraph.

One method by which the Bible indicates paragraph
structure is to use a THEME-DETAIL-THEME style--that is
- a THEME sentence is stated,
- followed by some DETAILS of that theme and concluding
- with a repetition of the THEME sentence.
Thus the opening and closing THEME sentence form
brackets indicating a paragraph unit.

Recall that in modern writing, the details of
a paragraph develop the theme sentence of the paragraph.
Since the THEME-DETAIL-THEME structure
indicates a biblical paragraph, therefore the
DETAILs are seen as the DEVELOPMENT of the paragraph

We call this Rashi method the THEME-DETAIL-THEME
or GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL submethod of the
RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE method. The name RABBI ISHMAEL
STYLE method reflects the fact that the
THEME-DETAIL-THEME structure is mentioned
among the 13 exegetical rules of Rabbi Ishmael.

EXAMPLE Dt04-05:14
------------------
Dt04-05:14 has a THEME-DEVELOPMENT-THEME style
as follows
-------------------------------------------------------
THEME:       I Moses taught you STATUTES & JUDGEMENTS
DEVELOPMENT: Take HEED, do not FORGET, remember
the 10 commandments
THEME:       God told me to teach you STATUTES & JUDGEMENTS
--------------------------------------------------------

The THEME-DETAIL-THEME structure
motivates the Rashi comment
-------------------------------
The theme TEACH LAW is developed with the details
- TAKE HEED
- DON'T FORGET
- LIKE THE 10 COMMANDMENTS
Recall that the 10 commandments are chapter
headings which encompass many further laws both
Biblical and Rabbinic. For example, DON'T STEAL
prohibits witholding wages, kidnapping and
rabbinically covers TEASING THEFT.

This implies that TEACHING LAW encompasses both
Biblical obligations as well as ORAL LAW and
RABBINIC enactments which fulfill TAKE HEED
and DON'T FORGET
------------------------------

LIST460w below summarizes this argument.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: STYLE
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #25
SEE BELOW LIST460x
List of clauses in Ex18-19:23-Ask God to approve advice
LIST460x
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of clauses in  Ex18-19:23-Ask God to approve advice
THEME*1 DETAILS
I taught you LAW*1
Take heed
do not forget
I taught you 10 commandments
God ordered:teach LAW
COMMENTS
*1
The theme TEACH LAW is developed with the details
- TAKE HEED
- DON'T FORGET
- LIKE THE 10 COMMANDMENTS
Recall that the 10 commandments are chapter
headings which encompass many further laws both
Biblical and Rabbinic. For example, DON'T STEAL
prohibits witholding wages, kidnapping and
rabbinically covers TEASING THEFT.

This implies that TEACHING LAW encompasses both
Biblical obligations as well as ORAL LAW and
RABBINIC enactments which fulfill TAKE HEED
and DON'T FORGET
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-37b
Dt04-37b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern grammar books explain grammar. In todays
posting we review how PRONOUNS may refer to either
-the LAST MENTIONED object or person, or while
- the person or object defined by CONTEXT
These Rashis can often be stated in RIDDLE form
and given humorous delivery.

EXAMPLE Dt04-37b
----------------
We list below the text of Biblical verse
Dt04-37b along with the possible pronoun
references in CAPS.
---------------------------------------------
And because
HE loved--------------------God
YOUR fathers,---------------JEWS fathers
therefore HE chose----------GOD
their seed after HIM,-------Fathers
and brought YOU out, -------JEWS
before HIM------------------GOD or FATHERS
with HIS mighty power,------GOD
out of Egypt;
----------------------------------------------

LIST090a presents other verses where Rashi's main point is
about REFERENCE.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS REFERENCE
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST090a
List of verses with 2 possible references(antecedent / context)
LIST090a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      2 possible references(antecedent / context)
VERSE TEXT: Possible References CAPPED Who is referred to?*1
Ex21-22 When men fight
Ex21-22 and they attack a PREGNANT WOMAN
Ex21-22 who miscarries her CHILDREN
Ex21-22 but there is NO DEATH No death of the woman
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Nu16-01 The following arose
Nu16-01 DATHAN and AVIRAM sons of Eliav
Nu16-01 and OHN ben Peles
Nu16-01f SONS OF REUVEN Both OHN and DATHAN
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Nu14-07 The SPIES said:God will give land
Nu14-09 Dont be afraid of the CANAANITES
Nu14-10a And the Jews wanted to stone THEM Stone the SPIES!
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Nu16-16 YOU (Korach)
Nu16-16 and your MOB
Nu16-16 be before God tomorrow
Nu16-16a You THEM and AAron THEM = YOUR mob*2
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Nu16-03 KORACH: Why take ALL LEADERSHIP
Nu16-28 MOSES:By this you will know that
Nu16-29a God commanded THESE THINGS
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Gn23-08 Abraham: Let me deal with EPHRON
Gn23-09 Abraham: I-ll PURCHASE the cave
Gn23-09 Abraham: I-ll pay FULL PRICE
Gn23-11a Ephron No No need to purchase*3
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Nu05-06 and HE(THIEF) descecrates God
....... By robbing SOMEBODY(AGGRIEVED)
Nu05-06 and HE feels guilty THIEF
Nu06-07 then HE returns the principle THIEF
Nu06-07 and HE adds a fifth THIEF
Nu06-07 & HE returns to the agrieved THIEF
Nu06-08a But If HE has no relatives AGGREIVED
Nu06-08b to return to theft to HIM AGGREIVED
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Ex21-29 If the ox of a PERSON OWNER
Ex21-29 kill SOMEBODY AGGRIEVED
Ex21-30 Let HIM OWNER
Ex21-30 Pay the ransom of HIS soul OWNER or AGGRIEVED*4
------- -------------------------------- ------------------
Dt04-37b And because
Dt04-37b HE loved God
Dt04-37b YOUR fathers, JEW'S fathers
Dt04-37b therefore HE chose GOD
Dt04-37b their seed after HIM, Fathers
Dt04-37b and brought YOU out, JEWS
Dt04-37b before HIM GOD or FATHERS*5
Dt04-37b with HIS mighty power GOD
Dt04-37b out of Egypt;
COMMENTS
*1 To clarify the use of this list let us review the
first example. The verse cites various people
- Datan, Aviram
- On
The verse then says these were the sons of Reuven

This is ambiguous.
- Were DATAN/AVIRAM sons of Reuven
- Was ON the son of Reuven.

Rashi points out that ALL of them were sons of Reuven

To clarify this we capitalize DATAN / AVIRAM / ON
and then clarify SONS OF REUVEN. The last column
then explains that the CAPPED  PHRASE, SONS OF REUVEN
refers to both DATAN and AVIRAM.

*2 Note the ambiguity-- the THEM refers to YOUR MOB.

*3 Abraham made 3 requests (a)Deal with Ephron (B) pay for
field (c) Pay full price.

Ephrons no refers back to PAYING for the field.
This is proven by the next phrase
----------------------------------------
EPHRON: I will GIVE you the field
----------------------------------------

*4 The Talmud cites both views (SOUL OF AGRRIEVED/OWNER)
without coming to a conclusion. The controversy center
on whether
- pronouns refer to the LAST MENTIONED NOUN (So here
the RANSOM OF HIS SOUL refers to the OWNERS soul)

- or do pronouns refer to whatever is defined by CONTEXT

Since killing a slave requires paying a flat fee of 30
units of currency (The abstract worth of slaves) it
follows that RANSOM OF HIS SOUL would refer to the
value of the AGGRIEVEDs soul.

*5 The verse could equally mean
---------------------------------------------
God took the Jews out of Egypt BEFORE HIMSELF
---------------------------------------------

Rashi could then translate this idiom as meaning
WITH GOD LEADING. This is justified (as Rashi points
out with an OTHER VERSE--Ex14-19.

The verse could also mean
-------------------------------------------------
God took the Jews out of Egypt BEFORE THE FATHERS
-------------------------------------------------

This would echo the theme that God redeemed the
Jews FOR THE SAKE of the PATRIARCHS. Again an
OTHER VERSE justifies this...e.g. Dt09-05*10
LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 It might be tempting to identify the referent of
the pronoun using plurality since God is singular
and the Patriarchs are plural.

But as Rashi points out we can refer to a GROUP
in the singular connoting a unified front.

Rashi points out that in this very verse Dt04-37
we have a SINGULAR reference to the Patriarchs
----------------------------------------------
Therefore he chose you their seed after HIM
----------------------------------------------
Here the word HIM refers to the Patriarchs.


*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-06c
Dt04-06c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.

Rashi will sometimes explain IDIOMS. An IDIOM is a
collection of words, which together means something
different than its component parts. Thus the
IDIOM endows NEW MEANING to the collection of words.
Very often the IDIOMATIC meaning is closely related
to the individual words. We call this the NEW MEANING
submethod of the WORD MEANING method.

EXAMPLE 1: Dt04-06c
-------------------
Verse Dt04-06 states
-----------------------------------
You should
- learn the law
- create safeguards for the law
because you will be INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN for
- your wisdom
- your analytic powers
-----------------------------------

Rashi comments
------------------------------------
The literal Hebrew words in the text
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
IN THE EYES OF THE NATIONS
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
is an IDIOM with a NEW MEANING of

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
------------------------------------


LIST854x below gives other examples of Rashis
explaining IDIOMS, NEW MEANINGS.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST854x
List of Biblical idioms(eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY)
LIST854x
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854x continues  LIST854d LIST854z LIST854y
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
Dt04-06c IN EYES OF THE NATION INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN
Nu35-30a BEAT-SOUL KILL (vs injure)
Nu33-44a DESOLATE PASSOVER DESOLATE BRIDGE
Nu35-02a Place to let out OUTSKIRTS
Nu26-02a COUNT BY FATHER'S HOUSE COUNT PATRILINEARLY
Ex18-18c The matter is too HEAVY too MUCH WORK for you like Eng.
Ex15-08a WIND OF NOSE Anger (nostrils fume)
Ex14-27a TURN OF MORNING DAWN
Gn47-12a fed according to CHILD FOOD NEEDS of #CHILDS
Gn46-30a If I could only die I am so happy *13 *14
Gn28-15b UNTIL THAT IF.... UNTIL COMPLETION of *12
Gn24-49a If not I go LEFT/RIGHT I go to NEARBY people *11
Gn27-16a This will COVER THE EYE Prevent EYEING you *8
Gn13-03a went by HIS JOURNEYS Lodged at SAME HOTELS *7
Dt33-14a SUNNED wheat FULLY RIPE wheat
Dt33-14b Monthly EXPELS Monthly TURNOVER
Dt33-15a 1st of OLD MOUNTS VINTAGE ANCIENT MOUNT
Dt33-15b ETERNAL hills EVERgreen Hills
------- ------------------- --------------------- -----
Dt32-20b NO-NATION DESPICABLE nation
Dt32-21c TURNING generation TURN-A-COATS
Dt17-09a PRIEST-LEVITES Priests or Levites *6
------- ------------------- --------------------- -----
Dt13-13b when you hear a RUMOR TO BE SAID over&over *5
Ex35-04a God commandsTo TRANSMIT TO BE SAID over *5
Nu12-13b Prayed/Demands RESPONSE TO BE SAID back *5
Nu27-15b Prayed/Demands RESPONSE TO BE SAID back *5
Ex20-01c God said:Asked RESPONSE Affirm will keep *5
------- ------------------- --------------------- -----
Dt12-28b Do the MORAL & PROPER Spiritual/Social good *4
Dt12-28c Do the MORAL & PROPER Spiritual/Social good *4
------- ------------------- --------------------- -----
Nu26-54a MOUTH OF LOTTERY Closed Jar Lottery *3
Nu21-20c HEAD OF THE CLIFF TOP of the CLIFF *2
Nu13-20b DAYS OF GRAPE 1st FRUIT GRAPE HARVEST SEASON
Nu13-32a Land EATS INHABITANTS PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND
Lv25-23b Dont STICK THE SALE Dont sell PERMANANTLY No redeem
Lv26-17a PLACE FACE*1 Total attention/focus to punish
Lv13-12a HEAD to FOOT Whole bod y
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD conceal MURDER
COMMENTS

*1 Rashi, Lv26-17h points out that the phrase
-------------
PLACE MY FACE
-------------
means
--------------
FULL ATTENTION
--------------
whether
- for good, to reward
- for bad, to punish.

*2 NOTE: The Hebrew word HEAD can mean both
- BEGINNING
- TOP
However in this verse
- the HEAD OF THE CLIFF contrasts with
- the VALLEY in MOAB
Hence HEAD means TOP

*3 A MOUTH LOTTERY refers to a lottery where you stick your
hand in and select an item WITHOUT BEING ABLE TO SEE THE
ITEMS (In an open-box lottery you can see what you are
picking even though you see backs of cards. In a MOUTH
LOTTERY the box is covered except for a small MOUTH).
The MOUTH LOTTERY is more secure and fairer.
Hence the Rashi

The name MOUTH LOTTERY is because the box has only
a small mouth preventing you from seeing what is
inside.
---------------------------------------------------
MOUTH LOTTERY means that the LOTTERY speaks and says
this belongs to so and so
---------------------------------------------------

Of course, Rashi did not believe that LOTTERIES speak.
Rather Rashi refers to the SECURITY and FAIRNESS of
the lottery. In other words
- MOUTH LOTTERY refers to a small MOUTH on LOTTERY box
(not to a physical voice on the box)
- Since the MOUTH LOTTERY is secure it is AS IF it
screams and points to a correct fair choice

*4 Rashi is NOT explaining the meaning of the INDIVIDUAL WORDS
- GOOD
- PROPER
Indeed, GOOD can mean SOCIALLY GOOD also (See Gn26-29)
Therefore we have interpreted this Rashi as an example
of the IDIOM method.

*5 These five examples show various idiomatic meanings of
the INFINITIVE of the verb TO SAY: TO SAY can mean
- TO SAY BACK: Request for response
- TO SAY OVER: To Transmit
- TO SAY OVER AND OVER: Rumor
See LIST955m for a separate summary

*6 Thus in Dt18-01
-------------------------------------
The PRIEST-LEVITES shall not inherit
from the conquest of Israel
-------------------------------------
the phrase PRIEST-LEVITES means
PRIESTS OR LEVITES.

Another occurrence of this phrase
occurs in Dt17-18.

In Dt17-09a Rashi does state
------------------------------------
The PRIESTS who are no longer Levites
------------------------------------

But I understand this to mean
------------------------------------
PRIESTS by itself means PRIESTS but
not Levites while LEVITES by itself
could mean LEVITES but not Priests--
PRIEST LEVITES means PRIESTS OR LEVITES*10
-------------------------------------

*7 Besides the fact that this sounds OK (WENT BY JOURNEYS=
STAYED BY SAME HOTELS) the verse gives support
---------------------------------------------
HE WENT BY HIS JOURNEYS...UNTIL HE RETURNED
TO HIS ORIGINAL PLACE WHERE HE BUILT AN ALTAR
---------------------------------------------

*8 In other words if
- the King slept with Sarah and then
- returned her to Abraham
perhaps he "had enough of her" and just "wanted to play."

But if he gives her a monetary gift then
- it is recognized that a miracle happened and his return
- is an apology for taking her.
- Hence the money prevents people EYEING Sarah(looking at
her as a 'rejected woman.'
This is covered in two Rashi (Gn20-16a Gn20-16b) which
are better understood as one Rashi.


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Dt17-09 states
---------------------------------------
[If you have a legal question then]
ask the PRIEST-LEVITES, the Judges of
the day
---------------------------------------

The law PREFERS that the great Sanhedrin
court in Jerusalem consist of PRIESTS.
Levites are a second choice (and Israelite
scholars are a third choice).

So it appears that Rashi's comment
--------------------------------------
Priests but not Levites
--------------------------------------
is literal.

But in Dt18-01 the prohibition of inheriting
conquested Israelie land applies to EITHER
Priests OR Levites.

Similarly I would interprtet Dt17-09 to mean
that EITHER Priests or Levites should preferably
be on the Great Sanhedrin. That is the Biblical
law.

But Rabbinically---since Priests are more
involved with the Temple there is a preference
for Priests to be elected to the great court
vs. Levites. This preference however is rooted
in logic not in the verse. The IDIOM, PRIEST-LEVITES
means PRIESTS or LEVITES as shown.

*11 See LIST854c for further examples where LEFT OR RIGHT
means a LITTLE bit. Rashi's actual language is
---------------------------------------------------
If you dont consent to the marriage then I will either
- go to the RIGHT (RASHI: The Ishmaelites)
- or the LEFT (RASHI: Lot-ites)
---------------------------------------------------

But in light of the examples in LIST854c this
Rashi should not be taken literally! Rather
Rashi should be interpreted broadly
----------------------------------------
My master prohibited marriages to Canaanites
So if you dont consent to the marriage
I will go to OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS OF ABRAHAM
- such as ISHMAEL his son
- or LOT his nephew
-----------------------------------------

There is temptation to interpret
-LEFT=LOT=weakness=(He committed incest with daughters)
-RIGHT=STRENGTH=Ishmael

However this SPECIFIC and FOCUSED interpretation of
LEFT and RIGHT is unsupported by the many other
examples in LIST854c below.

Notice this use of LISTS. We are only justified in
reading into Rashi what can be obtained from LISTS
We are not justified in reading extra!

Finally for those into Talmudic flavor note that
- all the other verses speak about LEFT/RIGHT
- Gn24-49 speaks about LEFT OR RIGHT (Hebrew Aleph-Vav)
Perhaps then the ALEPH VAV gives extra emphasis
But 2S02-19 shows that LEFT/RIGHT and LEFT OR RIGHT
both mean the same thing---A LITTLE BIT

*12 See LIST854m

*13 Notice the terminal hey on the Hebrew word
Aleph-Mem-Vav-Tauv-Hey--indicating the
JUSSIVE mode (mode of hope). Thus the
word is translated IF ONLY I COULD DIE

Hence the proper way of interpreting
this phrase is, similar to the English
idiom, IF ONLY I COULD DIE (How happy I
am)

Rashi SUPPLEMENTS the explanation of
this idiom by explaining it
------------------------------------
If I died now I would be comforted
knowing I saw you
------------------------------------

Rashi cites the Targum. However the
Targum's explanation should be seen
as secondary to the primary
explanation of the Rashi as an
idiomatic expression with a given
meaning (in other words you don't have
to explain idioms to understand them--
the idiom means what it does because
of usage)

*14 Rashi gives a second explanation
---------------------------------
If only I could die THIS TIME
---------------------------------

Rashi states
---------------------------------
I thought I would die in both this
world and the next---but now I see
I at most lost this world but not
the next since your dreams have
become prophecies and indications
that I am destined to the next world
---------------------------------

Rashi's second explanation does
not CONTRADICT or REPLACE the
first explanation.

Rather Rashi's two explanations
address TWO ISSUES in the verse
-------------------------------
The Hebrew word Aleph-Mem-Vav-
Tauv-Hey means IF ONLY I
COULD DIE which is an idiom
indicating HAPPYNESS
-------------------------------

However the Bible modified
the idiom
-------------------------
IF ONLY I COULD DIE
-------------------------
by adding the word THIS TIME

----------------------------
IF ONLY I COULD DIE THIS TIME
-----------------------------

Rashi sees this modification
of the idiom as indicating
a subtle nuance
--------------------------
I will only die THIS time
that is ONCE but not twice
--------------------------
alluding to the fact that
Jacob thought he would go
to hell for misleading
Joseph but now he sees he
at most lost this world but
is destined to the next world


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-32b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt04-32b Dt04-08a
Dt04-32b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

All languages allow words to acquire
NEW MEANINGS. Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)


EXAMPLE 1: Dt04-08a
-------------------
Verse Dt04-08a states
----------------------------
Who is the great nation? A nation
that has RIGHTEOUS laws and statutes
----------------------------

Rashi explains the capped phrase RIGHTEOUS LAWS
--------------------------------------------
- RIGHTEOUS normally is an attribute of PEOPLE
- However the METONOMY rule allows us to transfer
this meaning to ACTS. A RIGHTEOUS act is the
type of act you expect from a RIGHTEOUS person
--------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE 2: Dt04-32b
-------------------
Verse Dt04-32b states
---------------------------------------
Ask please
- from the earliest days of history
- and from ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
has there ever been such a great miracle
(Of God saving one enslaved nation from another)
---------------------------------------

Rashi explains the capped phrase
-------------------------------
FROM ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
--------------------------------
using the METONOMY principle

--------------------------------------------
We explain the phrase
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FROM ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
metonomically as relating PEOPLE with their
LOCATIONS. Thus the phrase means
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FROM THE NATIONS AT ONE END OF THE HORIZON
TO THE OTHER
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------

Rashi provides a second explanation---this
will be explained in the footnotes.

LIST871z presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871z
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE METONOMY METHOD USED
Dt04-32b 1 END OF HEAVN NATIONS at HORIZON METONOMY*14
Dt04-08a RIGHTEOUS laws ...done by the RIGHTEOUS METONOMY
Lv02-11a HONEY SWEET*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv21-21c BREAD FOOD*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu08-02c Candellabrah Central Staff SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu09-15a Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex31-21c Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03a Egyptian-like Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03b CanaaniteLike Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu14-09b Our Bread Piece of cake(Easy) Metonomy*2
Nu10-31d Our eyes Gleam of our eye(Good) Metonomy*2
Nu14-11a Till WHERE Till WHEN*4 Metonomy*2
Lv18-09b OUT BIRTH OUT of WEDLOCK Metonomy*2
Nu11-20c Out of nose disgusted*12 Metonomy*2
Nu09-20b Numbered days Small number of days Metonomy*2
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu08-16b SproutFromWomb birth*13 FFF-Form*3
Nu20-22b Mount Mountain Mount on top of mountain FFF-Form*3
Nu04-14a Frighteners Coal rakers FFF-Feeling*3
Nu04-14c Barren Sweep cleam FFF-Function*3
-------- Pentagon Pentagon Institution FFF-Form*3
-------- U.N. U.N. Institution FFF-Function*3
COMMENTS
*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole
by the part

*2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something
related

*3 An example of naming by either
- Form (eg Pentagon)
- Function (e.g UN)
- Feel (e.g. Hardship)
We call this the FFF rule.

*4 RULE
----
* ALeph nun hey = WHERE
* UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi:
-----------------------------------------------
Since generally sexually-perverse acts are
called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer
that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual
perversity.
-----------------------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to
explain the reason for naming sexual perversity
as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE.

*11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated.
Nu09-15c literally translated states
-----------------------------
SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS
-----------------------------

Ex31-21c literally translated states
--------------------------------
The Sanctuary of Tablets
--------------------------------


The following terms all refer to the Temple
--------------------------------------------
* Sanctuary
* Sanctuary of Tablets
* Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets
* Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting
--------------------------------------------
While Rashi explains the details
of some of these terms it seems
reasonable to simply view them
all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on
the terms are presented below.

Technically the literal Hebrew term is
--------------------------------------
* Sanctuary of TESTIMONY
--------------------------------------

However the TABLETS with the 10
COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY
(See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have
translated this phrase as the
-------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Tablets
-------------------------------

The temple is called the
---------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Meeting
---------------------------------
because God designates the Temple
as a meeting place for Prophecy
(Cf. Ex25-22)

*12 The verse states
----------------------------
until it comes out of your nose
and becomes strange
----------------------------

Rashi translates the whole item as meaning
DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of
NEW MEANINGS.

*13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10)
* SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14)
* SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16)
---------------------------------------
We clearly have here a naming by FORM.

*14 Rashi gives an alternative explanation
---------------------------------------
This refers to Adam whose stature extended
from ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
---------------------------------------

Rashi here unifies both parts of the verse
------------------------------------------
- go back in history to ask
- ask Adam
------------------------------------------

The statement that ADAM's stature extended
from one of heaven to the other simply meant
that ADAM like NOACH and ABRAHAM unified the
whole world. We metaphorically indicate the
impact of such people by using words like
GREAT, BIG. The statement
-------------------------------------------
Adam's stature extended from one end of the
world to the other
--------------------------------------------
simply means that
--------------------------------------------
Adam's influence extended from one end of
the world to the other since he unified the
world
--------------------------------------------

Here again Rashi identifies a PERSON with
the LOCATIONS of his REIGN.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-41a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt04-41a Dt05-04a
Dt04-41a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINT SUMMARY:
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of grammar
similar to the explanations we find in modern textbooks. We
call this the Rashi rule of GRAMMAR.

In todays posting we deal with the grammatical rules
governing DEVELOPMENT in paragraphs and chapters: Given
a paragraph or chapter THEME, what types of sentences can
exist in that paragraph or chapter and what are their
relations to the central theme? We call this the rashi
subrule of CONSECUTIVE PARAGRAPHS.

Rashi knew 3 means of relating consecutive sentences or
consecutive paragraphs in a paragraph or chapter:
- CAUSE, ENABLEMENT
- CONTRAST
- UNIFYING THEME.
Today we study the CONTRASTIVE submethod.

EXAMPLE 1 Dt04-41a
----------------
Dt03-23 -- Dt04-41a consists of 3 paragraphs
--------------------------------------------------
Dt03-23:29 -- Moses' request to enter Israel refused
Dt04 -------- Moses exhorts the Jewish people
Dt04-41 ----- Moses sets aside refuge cities.

Before continuing we note that the refuge cities
were prison cities granting asylum to negligent
murderers who feared retaliation from vengeful relatives.
By law the 6 refuge cities became operational as a unit
of 6; that is no refuge city granted asylum till all of
them did.

Rashi sees these paragraphs as CONTRASTIVE
------------------------------------------
- DESPITE the fact that Moses was about to die
- NEVERTHELESS he set aside refuge cities
which would not become operational till
after his death.
Moses thereby affirmed the great value of
performance of Divine commandments for their
own sake even if not visible benefit is present
------------------------------------------

LIST061b below presents several Rashis exhibiting CONTRAST
between verses.

EXAMPLE 2: Dt05-24a
-------------------
Two sentences of paragraph Dt04-01:05....
exhibit a CONTRASTIVE THEME
---------------------------------------------------
...God made a TREATY with us in Horeb
--NOT with our fathers did he make this treaty
--BUT with us
--God spoke to us FACE to FACE
---------------------------------------------------

Rashi comments show the CONTRASTIVE theme
-----------------------------------------
-- If your FATHERS said they saw God you would
have doubt...maybe there is exaggeration
-- But God spoke to you FACE to FACE---consequently
you have no doubt
-----------------------------------------


ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST061b
A list of paragraphs having a CONTRASTING connection
LIST061b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

A list of paragraphs     having a CONTRASTING connection
# VERSE TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER
(--) Dt04-41a Moses will die Moses sets 3 refuge cities
(--) Dt05-04a Parents didnt see God You personally heard God
(--) Gn41-44b I am Pharoh=King You are Vice-King
(--) Gn25-23a Esauv HUNTER,in FIELD*11 Jacob SIMPLE,TENTS charity
(--) Nu31-03a War Midyan;THEN DIE Eager to go to war*0
(--) Lv19-30a Observe SABBATH [Even when]BUILDING TEMPLE
(--) Ex18-05a Jethro comes to DESERT comes to Mount of GOD
(--) Ex04-11a Moses cant speak Moses did speak-Ex02-11:14
(--) Ex04-11b Moses afraid of Pharoh God protected Mshe-Ex02-15
(--) Gn47-25a*8 20% Tax:80% Yours Thank you...Good deal
(--) Gn42-10a JOE: You are spies BROTHERS:NO-we are not.*7
(09) Lv26-01a Being a slave to Non Jew Prohibition of Idolatry*1
(10) Dt29-12a Curses We are before God*2
(11) Lv19-03c Fear Parents Watch Sabbaths*3
(12) Dt22-12a No Shaatnez Tzitzith*4
(--) Dt09, Dt10 Jews rebel against God But God still loves Jews*5
(--) Gn31-13d I will go GENTLY You will PASS ME*6
COMMENTS
*1  Rashi not only connects 2 paragraphs. He also connects
all Biblical paragraphs in this chapter. See
footnote *10 for further details


*2 Dt28 gives a long list of curses if the Jews violate
the commandments.

Dt29-12 says "You are all STANDING before God today" In
other words despite the curses for disobediance you are
still here before God(The implication being that no
matter how angry God gets he will not destroy you)

A further support for this theme can come from the
General-particular-General form

Dt28    GENERAL:    Curses for disobediance
Dt29-12 PARTICULAR: You are standing here before God
Dt29-19 GENERAL:    Curses for disobediance

Thus the General-Particular-General form shows that Gods
curses still allow us to "Stand before him"--in other
words they are educative curses not punitive.


*3 In other words (always) "Observe the Sabbaths"
DESPITE a request to the contrary "By your parents"

This can happen if eg your parents ask you to
desecrate the Sabbath.  You must observe the
Sabbath even if your parents request to
the contrary.

And this can be generalized to all Torah laws(that
they take precedence over your parents request)


*4 Wear Tzitzith DESPITE the fact that they may have Shaatnez
Wool and linen together (In the priestly garments made of
Linen the Tzitzith were made of wool--thus the commandment
of Tzitzith OVERRIDES the prohibtion of wearing wool and
linen)

*5 More specifically Rashi (Dt10-12a) states
---------------------------------------------
Despite the 5 rebellions that the Jews did
against God, nevertheless, God still loves
the Jews. In fact Dt10-12 states that all
the Jews need do to earn this love is to
revere God
---------------------------------------------

*6 Rashis point is that Jacob did not ask Esauv
----------------------------
Past me and leave me behind
----------------------------

Rather Jacob suggested contrast
------------------------------------------------
- I must go at a gentle pace
- you go at a normal pace
------------------------------------------------

A logical consequence of this contrast is that
Esauv would pass Jacob and leave him behind.


*7 The full Biblical text shows two rounds of dialogs
between Moses and Joseph
The Biblical text states as follows
----------------------------------------------------
Gn42-09    1     JOE:      You are Spies
Gn42-10:11 1     BROHTERS: NO(Contrast)--We are simple people
Gn42-12    2     JOE:      NO(Contrast) you are spies
Gn42-13    2     BROTHERS: We are 12 sons;we came for food
----------------------------------------------------

*8 Gn47-25b and Gn47-25a both deal with the contrast of offer
vs Thank you.

*9 Rashi makes a point of the contrast
----------------------------------------
Even though he was going to die after the war
nevertheless he was eager to perform the war
--------------------------------------------

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10

On a superficial level Rashi seems to be connecting 2
verses.

Avoid idolatry DESPITE your being a slave to a non jew
(who encourages its violation). Do not think "I will
worship idols now and when I am free I will go
back to believing in God"

On a profound level Rashi sees a unifying theme to this
whole chapter. The chapter encourages observing the
shimitah laws which encourage abstaining from agriculture
once every 7 years so that people can devote themselves
to God and study. If one violates these laws he is
progressively punished. Here is the sequence of
punishments

{LIST} {Paragraphs in BEHAR}
-------------------------------------------------------
VERSE        LAW
------------ ------------------------------------------
Lv25-01:12   Observe the 7 and 50 year Land sabbaticals
Lv25-13:24   If not you will have to sell your MOVABLES
Lv25-25:28   If not you will have to sell your LAND
Lv25-29:34   If not you will have to sell your HOUSE
Lv25-35:38   If not you will have to           LOAN
Lv25-39:46   If not you will have to become a  SLAVE
Lv25-47:54   If not you'll become a  NONJEWISH SLAVE
Lv26-01:03   If not you'll be tempted to    IDOLATRY
---------------------------------------------------------


Thus Rashi does not merely teach juxtaposition of verses
but he also teaches juxtaposition of ALL paragraphs in
the chapter.

*11

Rashi comments
------------------------------------------------------
The verse CLEARLY contrasts HUNTER vs SIMPLE and
FIELDS vs TENTS. Thus the SITTING IN TENTS spoken
about here is not e.g. the tents of hunters but
rather the tents of scholars (or charity givers)
------------------------------------------------------

I have added the explanatory words [or charity givers]
to show that Rashi's point is one of CONTRAST not
one of IDENTIFICATION. Rashi literally says
-------------------------------------
TENTS refers to the tents of Shaym
alluded to in the verse Gn09-27
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
God will give beauty to Yefeth
and Yefeth will dwell in the TENTS OF SHAYM
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-------------------------------------

Presumably these are tents of either scholars
or tents of charity givers. Rashi's main
point is not the identification of WHOSE
tents Jacob dwells in but rather the
TYPES of tents that Jacob dwells in--
charity or learning tents vs hunter tents.

*12 Rashi cites Gn41-40 to support this interpretation
-------------------------------------------------
Pharoh said to Joseph; I give you power over all Egypt
But my throne shall surpass your power
-------------------------------------------------

*13 - The 6 refuge cities became operational as a unit
- That is, no refuge city gave asylum till all did
- Hence if Moses was dying his setting aside 3
cities did not have any effect

We conclude that Moses set aside the cities simply
because of religiousity and his love of performance
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
9 061b CONTRASTIVE: Parents did NOT see God; you DID see God
9 061b CONTRASTIVE: Moses no enter Israel;he sets aside Israeli cities
9 090a God saved Jews with HIM in front: HIM=God or HIM=Patriarchs
7 854x IN EYES OF NATION refers to INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION
7 871z You have RIGHTEOUS LAWS means LAWS done by RIGHTEOUS people
7 871z Ask FROM 1 END OF HEAVEN TO OTHER=nations at all horizons
25 460x TEACH LAW-like 10 commandments-TEACH LAW--with legal deveopment
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Dt04-41a GRAMMARr Parents didn't see God,you did
Dt05-04a GRAMMARr Parents didn't see God,you did
Dt04-37b GRAMMARr God saved Jews BEFORE HIM=God/Fathers
Dt04-06c NEW MEANINGS EYES OF NATIONS=internationally known
Dt04-32b METONOMY RIGHTEOUS LAWS=RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE acts
Dt04-08a METONOMY RIGHTEOUS LAWS=RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE acts
Dt04-14a Style TEACH LAW-like 10 commandments-TEACH
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#