Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2006 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 30 Number 17 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h30n17.htm ----------------------------------- Produced August 24, 2006 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt20-04a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt20-04a Dt20-04b Dt18-02b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS- REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the OTHER VERSE method. If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION. If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD of MEANING. If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to the first verse EXAMPLE 1,2: Dt20-04a Dt20-04b ------------------------------- Biblical verse Dt20-04 states ------------------------------------ For the LORD YOUR GOD WALKS WITH US ----------------------------------------- Rashi clarifies the phrase WALKS with us by citing an OTHER VERSE, 1S04-01:11 ------------------------ ARK OF GOD goes with Israel to Army ------------------------- Rashi also clarifies, the phrase GOD WALKS WITH US, using 1S17-45:47 discussing the famous conflict between GOLYATH and DAVID ---------------------------------------- You GOLYATH come to me with WEAPONS AND SWORDS but I, DAVID, come to you in the NAME OF GOD ---------------------------------------- Here Rashi contrastively emphasizes that - Non Jews depend on weapons - Jews depend on God EXAMPLE 3: Dt18-02b ------------------- Dt18-02 states --------------------------- The PRIESTS will have no portion in the land of Israel since their portion is in Temple Gifts ---------------------------- Almost identical language is found in the confirming OTHER VERSE found at Nu18-20 --------------------------------------- God said...they will have no portion in the land because I, God, am their portion --------------------------------------- LIST210v summarizes the above example, provides further detail and lists other examples of verse pairs with one verse illuminating an OTHER VERSE | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210v | |
List of verses pairs | with one verse illuminating another |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210v CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y LIST210x LIST210w | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Dt20-04a | GOD is with us | 1S17-45:47 | God vs weapons | |
Dt20-04b | God WALKS with us | 1S04-01 | ARK OF GOD with us | |
Dt18-02b | Priests dont inheritLand | Nu18-20 | GOD is their portion | |
Dt03-18b | Gad goes BEFORE in army | Dt33-20 | Gad is a LION | |
Dt02-05a | Dont take till FOOT DAY | Za14-04 | Messianic Era*6 | |
Nu27-21b | Ask URIM--Do I GO OUT | 1S30-07:08 | GO OUT TO WAR;*5 | |
Nu18-04a | Guard Temple-no stranger | Nu04-15*4 | Levi no touch vessel | |
Nu18-05a | NoAnger on Tmpl nearness | Nu17-05 | Korach caused anger | |
Nu18-05a | NoAnger on Tmpl nearness | Lv10-01:02 | Aarons sons die*1 | |
Nu18-06a | Levites are gift | Nu08-14:19 | Replace firstborn*2 | |
Nu18-07a | Temple service is GIFT | Lv22-14:18 | Other PRIEST GIFTS*3 | |
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*1 Some commentators believe this Rashi comment comes from the word NO MORE ----------------------------------------- there will be NO MORE anger on Temple ----------------------------------------- Hence the comment -------------------- NO MORE implies there already was times when God got angry -------------------- However my position is that OTHER VERSES justify a Rashi commment even if there is no verbal hint towards this OTHER VERSE in the original verse *2 Some commentators argue that Rashi dwelt on the phrase --------------------------------- Levites...to serve SERVICE OF GOD --------------------------------- Hence the comment ------------------------------- SERVICE of GOD not SERVICE of MAN Levites could not do personal service for Priests They could only help out in Temple. ------------------------------- However I see no need to dwell on words and phrases The OTHER VERSE Nu08-14:19 makes it clear that the Levites REPLACE the FIRST BORN. Just as the FIRST BORN serve God so too the Levites serve God. I believe the OTHER VERSES has sufficient force to justify this conclusion without focus on words and phrases. However the words SERVICE OF GOD do offer FURTHER SUPPORTIVE evidence for this Rashi. This explains Rashi Nu18-06a *3 Nu18-01:08 * calls PRIEST TEMPLE SERVICE a GIFT * declares Gods anger on violations of this gift Lv22-14:18 similarly * discusses other temple gifts (Sacrifices, holy items) * declares penalties for violations of this gift Thus we call the TEMPLE SERVICE a GIFT because it has the characteristics of OTHER GIFTS. In fact the rest of Nu18 discusses the other TEMPLE gifts. An alternate derivation could focus on the double language I WILL GIFT SERVICE GIFT (GIFT ...GIFT). The GIFT GIFT repetition creates an emphasis... the word GIFT is literal...the service itself is a GIFT. This supports Rashi Nu18-07a *4 The requirement to prevent strangers from coming near is mentioned in Rashis Nu18-01c Nu18-01e Nu18-04a Nu18-02b *5 Also see Ju20-07:08. The relationship between EPHOD (Mentioned in 1S30-07:08) and URIM mentioned in Nu27-21 is clarified in Ex28-06:30 which shows that the URIM were attached to the BREASTPLATE which were attached to the EPHOD*10 *6 The Jews were prohibited from taking Esauv's property, the Mountains of Seir UNTIL the FOOT Day which is a nickname for the Messianic era. This prophecy is consistent with Dt19-08 *11 | ||||
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*10 The Talmud clarifies further. The KING would ask the priest for Divine consent to military operations. The priest would receive communication from God thru the URIM which contained the names of the 12 tribes written in GEMS. The letters of the answer to the inquiry would light up indicating the answer to the priest. The above cited verses explicitly show that - Divine consent was sought in military operations - The consent was sought FROM the priest THRU the EPHOD - The EPHOD used the URIM attached to it. *11 Rashi gives another possible reading of Dt02-05 ------------------------------------------------ Don't take ANYTHING from Esau EVEN the small amount of land in the STOMPING OF THE FOOT ------------------------------------------------ This seems to be a preferable reading to Rashi's 2nd interpretation ------------------------------------------- Dont take from Esauv UNTIL the DAY OF STOMPING OF THE FOOT (The MESSIANIC ERA) ------------------------------------------- However the Hebrew connective word AYIN-DALET NEVER means EVEN and ALWAYS means UNTIL. Furthermore Rashi's 2nd interpretation is supported by other OTHER VERSES such as Dt19-08. In other words despite the fact that this interpretation is PROPHETIC it is more consistent with OTHER VERSES and Biblical language |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt19-17b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals was the resolution of contradictions. These contradictions typically arise from two verses stating contradictory things. We call this the RASHI RULE OF CONTRADICTION. Rashi had three methods to resolve contradiction. If the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the contradictory verses as two aspects of the same item then we employ the TWO ASPECTS method of resolution. If the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the contradictory verses as two stages of the same process then we employ the TWO STAGES submethod. Finally if the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by retranslating the verses using broader or more literal meanings then we use the BROAD-LITERAL submethod. EXAMPLE Dt19-17b ---------------- Dt19-16:17 states ----------------------------------------------------- If witnesses arise against A MAN deceitfully... Then the TWO MEN who have the conflict stand before God... ----------------------------------------------------- We see the CONTRADICTION! Is there ONE MAN or TWO MEN? Rashi resolves this CONTRADICTION using the two aspects method ------------------------------------------ - There are TWO litigants in the case - But only ONE litigant is being slandered ------------------------------------------ LIST510b below gives other examples of CONTRADICTORY verses resolved thru TWO ASPECTS | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | CONTRADICTION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2 ASPECTS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #14 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST510b | |
List of verses with | Contradiction resolved by 2 cases |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with Contradiction resolved by 2 cases LIST510b continues LIST510a | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Dt19-17 | Dt19-16 | 2 LITIGANTS in case; 1 LITIGANT is maligned | |
Dt12-13 | 1K18-20 | PROPHETS can temporarily suspend laws | |
Nu35-04 | Nu35-05 | 1000 cubits for animals/herds;2nd 1000 gardens | |
Lv07-30 | Lv07-34 | FAT is offered;BREAST given to Priest*1 | |
Lv05-13 | Lv05-11 | Its a SIN SAC;EATING rights are as MINCHAH*2 | |
Ex25-03 | Ex30-13 | Two sources: REQUIRED silver tax &VOLUNTARY*3 | |
Ex24-12 | Nu27-05 | The 10 commmandments cover all areas of law | |
Gn37-10 | Gn37-11 | PUBLICLY:Jacob disagreed;PRIVATELY:agreed*4 | |
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*1 Here are the full set of verses --------------------------------------------- Lv07-34 I have given BREAST and FAT to Priest Lv03-03 Fat is offered on altar Fire --------------------------------------------- Hence we read Lv07-30 as follows -------------------------------------------------- Owner brings the [for-the-altar] fire: [namely] FAT on breast is brought to WAIVE IT[that is the BREAST not the FAT] before God. -------------------------------------------------- *2 The Minchah Eating rights are as follows - Sin offerings are never eaten by priests - Ordinary Minchahs are eaten by Priests - Minchahs with a Priest owner are not eaten In short all MINCHAH EATING laws apply. There is an ironic subtlety here. The verse says ------------------------------ It will to the PRIEST as a MINCHAH ------------------------------- Rashi literally says --------------------------------------------------- If a PRIEST offered it no one would eat it --------------------------------------------------- It thus APPEARS that Rashi is PUNNING on the word PRIEST--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - It will be to a PRIEST OWNER like a MINCHAH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - But this is not necessary. The verse simply means - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - It will be to the PRIEST [offerer] as a MINCHAH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This implies ---------------------------------- - If it is an ordinary Minchah the PRIEST OFFERER can eat it - If it is a PRIEST OWNED Minchah then no one eats it ---------------------------------- Thus Rashi was not PUNNING but rather emphasizing one extreme case of the simple meaning of the text. *3 Ex25-01:03 states ----------------------------------- Command the Jews to take DONATIONS whoever wishes to DONATE. And these are the DONATIONS you should take ...gold SILVER and COPPER ----------------------------------- But Ex30-11:13 states ------------------------------------- When you make a CENSUS people should give HALF A SHEKEL of silver ------------------------------------- This is further spelled out at Ex38-25:28 -------------------------------------------- The silver from the half shekels was so much and so much and used to make the silver stands for the boards and the curtain hooks -------------------------------------------- We see the CONTRADICTION: Was the silver a VOLUNTARY donation or a REQUIRED TAX? Rashi answers by distinguishing TWO CASES of the silver ----------------------------------------------------- - There was a REQUIRED TAX of HALF SHEKEL used for the stands and curtain hooks - There was an ADDITIONAL VOLUNTARY TAX---the silver gathered was used to make silver utensils in the sanctuary ----------------------------------------------------- *4 PUBLICLY: He disagreed so as not to further inflame the brothers who hated Joseph PRIVATELY: He agreed because he believed in the dream |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt17-19a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING. Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE. The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru different means. For example a modern author might hilight distinct items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS. We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE (without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS. In todays example the BULLETING effect is indicated - by REPEATING KEYWORDS (ETH) in two of the items - by a PARALLEL LISTING OF OBJECTS EXAMPLE Dt17-19a ---------------- Dt17-19 states -------------------------------------------- And it[The Torah] shall be with him, and he shall read in it all the days of his life; that he may learn to fear the Lord his God, --- to keep all the WORDS of this Torah and --- these STATUTES, to do them; ----------------------------------------------------- Rashi comments on the contrastive emphasis in the two bullets ---------------------------------------------------------- - the King must observe RELIGIOUS LAW (Statutes) - The King must observe the SPIRTIT, WORDS, and EXHORTATIVE Stories in the law ---------------------------------------------------------- So there is an emphasis on BOTH LAW and SPIRIT. LIST120r below summarizes this argument | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | KEYWORDS AS BULLETS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST120r | |
BULLETED structure of | Dt17-19a King observes a)Law b)Ethics |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
BULLETED structure of Dt17-19a King observes a)Law b)Ethics | ||
PREAMBLE OF VERSE | BULLETS | |
And it[The Torah] | ||
shall be with him, | ||
and he shall read in it | ||
all the days of his life; | ||
that he may learn to | ||
fear the Lord his God, | ||
to keep all the WORDS of this Torah*2 | ||
these STATUTES, to do them*1 | ||
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*1 the King must observe RELIGIOUS LAW (Statutes) *2 The King must observe the SPIRTIT, WORDS, and EXHORTATIVE Stories in the law |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt16-21b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING. Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE. The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru different means. For example a modern author might hilight distinct items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS. We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE (without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS. In todays example the BULLETING effect is indicated - by a PARALLEL LISTING OF OBJECTS EXAMPLE Dt16-21b ---------------- Dt16-21 states -------------------------------------------- Do not make for yourselves -- a tree-god -- any wooden item near the altar of God which you make for yourselves ----------------------------------------------------- Rashi comments on the contrastive emphasis in the two bullets ---------------------------------------------------------- - idolatrous TREE-gods are prohibited near altar on temple mount - personal WOODEN structures (eg houses) are prohibited ---------------------------------------------------------- LIST120s below summarizes this argument | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | KEYWORDS AS BULLETS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST120s | |
BULLETED structure of | Dt16-21No a)tree god b)wood items near altar |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
BULLETED structure of Dt16-21No a)tree god b)wood items near altar | ||
PREAMBLE OF VERSE | BULLETS | |
Do not make for yourselves | ||
a tree-god*1 | ||
any wooden item*2 | ||
near the altar of God*3 | ||
which you make | ||
for yourselves | ||
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*1 IDOLATROUS tree-god *2 PERSONAL wooden items (like houses) *3 On the Temple mount |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
1 | 210v | God WALKS WITH US(Dt20-04b) = ARK OF GOD is with us (1S04-01:11) | |
1 | 210v | GOD is with us (Dt20-04a) = GOD vs WEAPONRY(1S17-45:47) | |
1 | 210v | Priests have no portion in land(Dt18-02b)confirmed in (Nu18-20) | |
14 | 510b | There are TWO litigants but ONE is being maligned by witnesses | |
26 | 120r | King must observe both a) Religious law b) Ethics of Torah | |
26 | 120s | Do not make EITHER a)tree-god b)wooden buildings near Temple | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Dt20-04a | OTHER VERSES | GOD with us=ARK OF GOD with us | |
Dt20-04b | OTHER VERSES | GOD with us=ARK OF GOD with us | |
Dt18-02b | OTHER VERSES | GOD with us=ARK OF GOD with us | |
Dt17-19a | BULLETS | Observe a) RELIGIOUS law b)STORIES | |
Dt19-17b | CONTRADICTION | 2 litigants; ONE is slandered | |
Dt16-21b | BULLETS | No a) tree-gods b)houses by alt | |
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*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#