Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2006 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 30 Number 18 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h30n18.htm ----------------------------------- Produced August 26, 2006 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt22-08c
RASHIS COVERED: Dt22-08c Dt23-11b Dt23-24a Dt23-16a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline, bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example - the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION - the Bible indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING KEYWORDS When the Bible, or modern literature, uses either BOLD, UNDERLINE, ITALICS or REPETITION, it is thereby indicating an UNSPECIFIED EMPHASIS. Such EMPHASIS typically manifests itself in either RESTRICTIVE or BROAD interpretation. The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without any formal structure. EXAMPLE Dt22-08c ---------------- Dt22-08c states ------------------------------------ Make gates on your roofs when you build houses so that FALLERS do not FALL ------------------------------------ Rashi comments on the REPETITION, FALLER-FALL --------------------------------------------- Even though the person is careless and is a FALLER nevertheless you must still pay for roof gates to protect him --------------------------------------------- Here Rashi interprets the REPETITION, FALLER-FALL, restrictively to apply the verse even to a person to whom falling is intrinsic, a FALLER EXAMPLE Dt23-11b ---------------- Dt23-11b, discussing a person with a nocturnal emission states ---------------------------------------------------- - He shall GO OUT THE CAMP - He shall NOT COME IN THE CAMP ---------------------------------------------------- Rashi commenting on the REPETITION states ------------------------------------------ The REPETITION creates an INTENSITY of prohibition. A person who does not fulfill the law violates both a - DO COMMANDMENT, (DO GO OUT) as well as a - DONT COMMANDMENT (DO NOT COME IN) ------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE Dt23-24a ---------------- Dt23-22:24 states ---------------------------------- If you make a vow - DO NOT delay fulfilling it.... - DO fulfill it ---------------------------------- Rashi commenting on the REPETITION states ------------------------------------------ The REPETITION creates an INTENSITY of prohibition. A person who does not fulfill the law violates both a - DO COMMANDMENT, (DO fulfill your vow) - DONT COMMANDMENT, (DO NOT delay fulfillment) ------------------------------------------ LIST160z below presents other examples where verses are interpreted restrictively because of a REPETITION. EXAMPLE Dt23-16a ---------------- Dt13-16 states ------------------------------------- Do not return a SLAVE to its MASTER who flees to you from his MASTER ------------------------------------- Rashi commenting on the REPETITION presents two interpretations showing that the law and the word MASTER are interpreted BROADLY --------------------------------------------- (INTERPRETATION 1) If a non-jewish slave owned by a NON-JEWISH OWNER living in a non-jewish land flees to you do not return him to his owner (INTERPRETATION 2) EVEN if a non-jewish slave owned by a JEWISH OWNER living in a non-jewish land flees to you do not return him to his owner --------------------------------------------- LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | RESTRICTIVE MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #19 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST160z | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted restrictvely | |
----------------------- | ------------------------------------- | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #20 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST150a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted broadly |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted restrictively LIST160z continues LIST160a | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | MEANING OF REPETITION | |
Dt22-08c | Roof-gate so FALLER no FALL | Even if he is FALLER | |
-------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt23-11b | LEAVE camp: DO NOT return*5 | Intensity of obligation | |
Dt23-24a | FULFILL vows;DO NOT DELAYS*5 | Intensity of obligation | |
-------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | |
Lv03-17 | OFFERING BLOOD prohibited | (Cf Lv17-11:14)*3 | |
Lv07-26b | PERSONAL MEAL BLOOD prohibited | Even outside Israel | |
Dt12-16 | PERSONAL MEAL BLOOD prohibited | Even non offering | |
Lv17-14a | COVERED BLOOD prohibited | Even NON GUSHING | |
Dt12-24a | ORGAN BLOOD(still inside) | Even NON GUSHING*4 | |
Dt12-25a | DRAINING BLOOD | Even NON GUSHING*4 | |
------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------- | |
Nu35-34a | I DWELL DWELL among Jews | Even when they SIN*2 | |
Lv16-12c | Offer FINE FINE incense | EXTRA FINE | |
Ex30-25b | COMPOUND COMPOUND-COMPOUND WORK | PROFESSIONAL COMPOUNDED | |
------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------- | |
Ex19-03b | TO SAY...SAY THUS..THESE WORDS | ONLY these words;no more | |
Ex19-06b | TO SAY...SAY THUS..THESE WORDS | ONLY these words;no more | |
------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------- | |
Gn27-03c | HUNT me a HUNT | HUNT from wilds*1 | |
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*1 That is a REAL HUNT (HUNT A HUNT) and eg not buying meat if he couldnt immediately find it in the hunt. *2 THere are two Rashi comments (Nu35-34a, Nu35-34b) - From the repetition DWELL DWELL Rashi infers that God always DWELLS among the Jews - Rashi then explains the verse ----------------------------------------------- Since I always DWELL among the Jews do not cover up murder so that I am not forced to dwell in impurity ----------------------------------------------- *3 Lv17-11:14 emphasizes -------------------------------------------------- The BLOOD IS (That is symbolizes) THE SOUL -------------------------------------------------- Hence I would have thought that only GUSHING OFFERING BLOOD that comes from SLAUGHTER is prohibited since it symbolizes the LIFE FORCE. The various other verses emphasize that NON GUSHING or NON OFFERING blood also are prohibited. *4 The verses speak about AVOIDING THE TEMPTATION OF EATING BLOOD while eating PERSONAL MEALS--presumably - this refers to BLOOD STILL IN THE ORGANS - BLOOD THAT IS DRAINED Even though this is NON GUSHING blood and doesnt strongly symbolize the SOUL it is still prohibited *5 REPETITION can indicate INTENSITY of OBLIGATION Typically this is done by coupling - a DO commandment with - a DONT commandment Hence a person who violates these laws violates both - a DO and - a DONT |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | EMPHASIS...DO IT... | |
Dt23-16a | No return SLAVEtoOWNER | ANY OWNER(Jew or NONJew) | |
Gn18-10b | I-ll RETURN RETURN | If not ME, then GOD, returns | |
------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt24-19b | frgt FIELD FIELD hrvst | Forget:a)harvest b)standing*9 | |
Ex23-19b | No COOK milk in meat | On Festivals: Dont even EAT*8 | |
Ex34-26b | No COOK milk in meat | On festivals: Dont even EAT*8 | |
Dt14-21c | No COOK milk in meat | Not even nonKosher to nonJew*8 | |
------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt01-05b | EXPLAIN EXPLANATION*13 | Provide Explanation Tchniques | |
Nu33-40a | Aaron died;Arad wars | Aaraon's death encouraged war | |
Nu36-04c | BORDER:Sea & BORDER | s BORDER=SEA BORDER=Islands | |
Nu22-21b | Went with MOAB MOAB | a)went physicaly b)agreed with | |
Nu13-30c | we-ll GO UP GO UP | we-ll WIN WAR no matter what | |
Lv20-09a | PARENTS...PARENTS | EVEN after death | |
Lv19-22a | the SIN HE SINNED | WHETHER willful or inadvertent | |
Dt13-16a | HIT HIT by sword | EVEN by Fire | |
Dt15-08b | GIVE GIVE charity | EVEN by loaning | |
Dt16-20a | PURSUE PURSUE Justice | EVEN for mistaken aquitals | |
Ex12-09c | COOK COOK in water | EVEN in other liquids | |
Lv13-35a | SPREAD SPREAD after OK | EVEN if SPREAD while impure | |
Lv17-13a | HUNT A HUNT*10 | EVEN for a non-hunted animal | |
------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- | |
Nu05-22c | women says AMEN AMEN*5 | Adultery from marriage:engaged | |
Lv25-26c | no menial work(repeat) | Master to slave;King to subjct | |
Lv20-02b | EXECUTE EXECUTE | EVEN by the masses*1 | |
Lv07-19b | MEAT:all MEAT eatable | Even if PART of organ bad*3 | |
Lv05-15b | TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl | Not only eating;any benefit*2 | |
Lv13-44a | DECLARE DECLARE impure | EVEN if not a head leprosy*4 | |
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*1 Supported by Dt17-06:07 which states -------------------------------------- ..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute -------------------------------------- *2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with this verse. *3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat that remained inside the temple (even though the two parts are connected) *4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows ---------------------------------------------------- If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head left wild.... ----------------------------------------------------- The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor *5 Rashi actually brings down THREE consequences of the broad interpretation emanating from the repeated word ------------------------------------------------------ The word AMEN signifies acceptance of an oath of curse - ACCEPTANCE whether she committed adultery from the suspected person OR from any other person - ACCEPTANCE whether she cheated while married or whether she cheated while (BiblicallY) engaged - ACCEPTANCE of both the OATH (I didnt commit adultery) as well as the consequent CURSE (May I be punished if I did commit adultery) ------------------------------------------------------ From these three distinct interpretations we infer that the basic idea of Rashi is that ----------------------------------- The repetition indicates ACCEPTANCE IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES ----------------------------------- *6 An alternative approach not based on repetition reviews all references to MOAB in Nu22-10:21. They are referred to as - Moabs princes - Balaks servants - Them - people If in Nu22-21 it refers to them as MOAB PRINCES ----------------------------- Bilam went with Moabs princes ----------------------------- The emphasis seems to be that he went with them and the Moabite philosophy (He agreed with them) *7 Several points should be made on this unusual repetition - the repetition is not a repetition of a word or phrase within one verse but rather a repetition in separate verses - the repetition does not suggest an emphasis in a word or phrase but rather an emphasis in a juxtaposition-- two juxtaposed events are seen as causing or enabling each other -- Aaron's death -- the war by Arad The repeating sets of verses are - Nu20-22:29, Nu21-01 and - Nu33-38:40 states*11 *8 Since Ex23-19b, Ex34-26b speaks about - See God on Festivals three times a year - Don't cook the meat of a kid in milk of mother therefore we extend the prohibition of COOKING to EATING since on the festivals one eats the FESTIVE offerings Since Dt14-21c states that one should sell non-Kosher meat (of birds) to non-Jews therefore, since the context is one of non-Jews we extend the prohibition to - not BENEFITING from milk and meat - not even cooking milk and NON-KOSHER meat Finally Rashi makes an additional linguistic point - The word KID is a GENERAL word (like in English) - which can refer to an ANIMAL, BIRD or BEAST kid. The word KID occurs 10 times in the Bible - 7 times it occurs as KID OF GOATS - in the 3 verses prohibiting milk and meat it simply says KID. Rashi states --------------------------------------- Since it usually says KID OF GOATS therefore KID by itself could refer to KID of any animal --------------------------------------- I would view this as a supportive proof. The real point is that KID refers to a YOUNGSTER and hence (as in English) can mean the YOUNGSTER of animals birds or beasts. *9 Dt24-19 states ------------------------------------------- When you harvest a harvest in your FIELD and you forget a bundle in the FIELD then do not return to take it; leave it for the sojourner, orphan and widow ... -------------------------------------------- Rashi comments on the repeated word FIELD ------------------------------------------- The law of leaving forgotten items for the poor applies to any item left in the FIELD - whether you forget a harvested bundle - or you forget to harvest a standing attached grain In each case you must leave the forgotten item for the poor -------------------------------------------- | |||
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*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks ------------------------------------------------ But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED (non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not eat meat except on special occassions and after significant work like a hunt ------------------------------------------------ *11 It is instructive to compare our explanation with Rashi's wording. Rashi states on the verse ---------------------------------------------- And king of Arad HEARD when Jews came to SPY-ROAD ---------------------------------------------- Rashi states on Nu21-01a ------------------------------------------- What did he HEAR? He heard that Aaron died ------------------------------------------- This of course is rediculous. The verse explicitly states ---------------------------------------- He HEARD that the Jews came ---------------------------------------- But Rashi HIMSELF clarifies his position on Nu33-40a Rashi states --------------------------------------- The set of verses relating a) Aarons death and b) the declaration of war by Arad, is repeated to emphasize that one caused the other*12 --------------------------------------- Thus we see that Rashi HIMSELF contradicts his early play on words WHAT DID HE HEAR? HE HEARD OF AARONS DEATH. Such play on words is typical in Rashi---Rashi lived before the printing press-- by phrasing homilies in turns of word plays he facilitated memorization and retention in students. *12 Rashi provides a possible explanation as to why Aaron's death would encourage Arad to declare war Rashi conjectures that Aaron, as High Priest, was a spiritual force not only for the Jews but for surrounding nations.When he died Arad decided the Jews would lack their spiritual backup and decided it was time to declare war. *13 Several points on Rashi - Rashi literally says -------------------------------- Moses translated the Torah in 70 languages -------------------------------- This might mean the 70 languages of the world (Arab, French, Chinese etc) We however have translated 70 LANGUAGES to also mean 70 LITERARY TECHNIQUES. For example in expounding the text Moses could point out ALIGNED VERSES, or CONTRADiCTORY VERSES, or REPEATED WORDS... Each of these is a TECHNIQUE of TRANSLATION similar to what we do in this Rashi list. Our motivation for such a re-translation of Rashi is the fact that Rashi is commenting on the repeated phrase EXPLAINED EXPLANATION - the verse also states EXPLAINED GOOD EXPLANATIONS The word GOOD gives extra emphasis. The simplest approach is that Rashi explained BOTH the REPETITION and the word GOOD: Moses did both - he translated the Torah into other languages - he expounded the Torah based on techniques. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt24-17b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt24-17b Dt25-19a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the WORD MEANING method. ---------------------------------------------- Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the similarity and nuances in each term. ---------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE 1: Dt25-19a ------------------- Dt25-19a ------------------------------------------------- You should ERASE the memory of AMALYK from under heaven --------------------------------------------------- Rashi comments on the contrast that many words are used for CONQUEST such as HITTING, CONQUERING, INHERITING and ERASING. ----------------------------------- ERASE indicates total destruction-no woman animal or booty remains. This is further confirmed by the explicit order to this effect at 1S15-03 ----------------------------------- EXAMPLE 2: Dt24-17b ------------------- Dt24-17b is translated ----------------------------------- Don't STRING the garment of a widow ----------------------------------- From context we can infer that the word STRING means TAKE AS COLLATERAL. Rashi contrasts the word STRING with other words indicating COLLATERAL in Hebrew -------------------------------------- - COLLATERAL generally refers to COLLATERAL taken at the time of loan - STRING refers to ADDING STRINGS after the time of the loan -------------------------------------- Note the analogy with the English metaphor NO STRINGS ATTACHED. LIST955y presents other Rashis commenting on SYNONYMS | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955y | |
List of | Synonym pairs |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Synonym pairs LIST955y continues LIST955z LIST955z continues LIST955a | ||||
VERSE | WORD | BASIC IDEA | NUANCES | |
Dt25-19a | ERASE | CONQUER | Complete destruction*3 | |
Dt20-20 | SUBDUE | CONQUER | Conquer*4 | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt24-10 | &-B-@ | COLLATERAL | Collateral at TIME OF LOAN | |
Dt24-17b | STRING | COLLATERAL | ADD STRINGS (after loan)*5 | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt04-20a | KWR | POT | CALDRON POT(refines metals) | |
- - - - | POT | POT | Ordinary pot | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt16-20 | C-D-Q | Just | Justice--judicial procedure | |
Dt06-18a | @WBI$R | Just | Court Compromise | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt01-13e | Y-D-& | KNOWN | Familiar / Familiarity | |
- - - - | - - - | KNOWN | Knowledge | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Nu15-39b | TTWRW | Go after | EXPLORE fantasys (as in Eng) | |
- - - - | H-L-K | go after | FOLLOW one's desires | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv16-16b | X-@-A | SIN | Error-inadvertent | |
Lv16-16b | P-$-& | SIN | Rebellion | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Ex29-26a | N-W-P | OSCILLATE | waive to/fro-HORIZONTALLY*2 | |
Ex29-27b | R-W-M | OSCILLATE | oscillate up/down-VERTICALLY | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv07-32a | $-W-Q | Leg | CALF (MIDDLE part of leg) | |
- - - - | I-R-K | Leg | THIGH(Upper part of leg) | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv05-15d | $-H | SHEEP*1 | Young sheep (newborn or 1 yr) | |
Lv05-15d | AIL | RAM*1 | Rams (2 or more years) | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv01-17c | $-S-& | CUT | RIP | |
- - - - | K-R-T | CUT | CUT | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
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*1 Rashi does not indicate how he knows that the cutoff point for ram vs sheep is 2 years. - Perhaps this is general knowledge which shepards know (That maturation takes places at two) - Supportive verses show that a one year old is still considered a sheep (Eg Ex12-05) *2 Also Lv07-34a See LIST955p for an analysis of verses with WAIVE vs OSCILLATE *3 Cf. 1S15-03 where the explicit order to totally exterminate Amalayk was given *4 There are many words for conquer: CONQUEST, SUBDUE, SMITE, WAR, etc. Our point here is to emphasize that ERASE means REMOVE ALL MEMORY. *5 Cf. The English metaphor "No strings attached." |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
19 | 160z | Make roof gate so FALLER doesnt FALL.Even for FALLER,you gate | |
19 | 160z | When impure LEAVE CAMP, DO NOT COME TO CAMP(double violation) | |
19 | 160z | When you vow, DO FULFILL vow, DO NOT DELAY vow(double violation) | |
20 | 150a | do not return fleeing slave to OWNER OWNER (Jew or Non Jew) | |
7 | 955y | Don't STRING a widow's garment=Add COLATERAL STRINGS after loan | |
7 | 955y | ERASE Amalayk's memory=TOTAL DESTRUCTION-all people,animals,... | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Dt22-08c | REPETITION | Make Roof Gate so FALLER doesnt FALL | |
Dt23-11b | REPETITION | Make Roof Gate so FALLER doesnt FALL | |
Dt23-24a | REPETITION | Make Roof Gate so FALLER doesnt FALL | |
Dt23-16a | REPETITION | Make Roof Gate so FALLER doesnt FALL | |
Dt25-19a | SYNONYMS | ERASE enemy=total destruction | |
Dt24-17b | SYNONYMS | ERASE enemy=total destruction | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#