Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 30 Number 2 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h30n2.htm ----------------------------------- Produced June 17th, 2006 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu10-28a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu10-28a Nu10-28b Nu10-34b Nu10-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from - the ALIGNMENT, - that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical verses.The minor variations between these almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT -When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES -When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the Rashi subrule of NUANCES. -When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING. EXAMPLE 1: Nu10-28a Nu10-28b --------------------------------------------- Reference to JOURNEYS has 3 distinct meanings in the following verses ------------------------------------------------------------- - (Nu10-28) These are the [ORDER of the] JOURNEYS of the Jews - And they [Actually] JOURNEYED - (Nu33-01) These are the [ACTUAL]JOURNEYS of the Jews ------------------------------------------------------------- Rashi (Paraphrased) explains: ---------------------------------------------------- The same word JOURNEYS - means the JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-28 - means the ACTURAL JOURNEYS in Nu33-01 Biblical chapter Nu33-01 describes the actual journeys of the Jewish people. Biblical chapter Nu10-28 describes the order in which the individual tribes journeyed. The word JOURNEYED vs JOURNEY is a verb---it indicates that an ACTUAL JOURNEY took place at this time. ----------------------------------------------------- LIST309w summarizes this METONOMY. In translating JOURNEY as the SEQUENCE OF JOURNEYS Rashi was using the METONOMY principle. Let us review the METONOMY principle SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the WORD MEANING method. One WORD MEANING method is the METONOMY method. METONOMY is the naming of an item by a RELATED item. For example AMERICA defeated IRAQ really means the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the IRAQY PEOPLE. Here the LAND America names the related item, the PEOPLE that reside in AMERICA. EXAMPLE Nu10-28a ---------------- As just seen the word JOURNEYS in Nu10-28a refers to the JOURNEY SEQUENCE. This ia an example of METONOMY. EXAMPLE Nu10-12a ---------------- Since the above ALIGNMENT shows us that - JOURNEYS= JOURNEY SEQUENCES in Nu10, hence - JOURNEYS=JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-12a ---------------------------------------- The Jews journeyed by THEIR JOURNEY SEQUENCE from SINAI....to PARAN ---------------------------------------- Here Rashi transfers the meaning inferred from the ALIGNMENT to the rest of the chapter in which the ALIGNMENT occurs. This also follows the METONOMY principle. EXAMPLE Nu10-34b ---------------- Verse Nu10-34 states ------------------------- And the CLOUD OF GOD [Prophecy] was on them when they journeyed from THEIR CAMP ------------------------- Rashi interprets THEIR CAMP, metonomycally Rashi suggests the verse be translated as follows --------------------------------- And the CLOUD OF GOD [Prophecy] was on them when they journeyed from THEIR CAMPINGS --------------------------------- Here CAMP metonomyically refers to their CAMPING STATES. LIST871m summarizes this and similar examples of METONOMY. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST309w | |
LIST OF | identical phrases;different meanings(JRNY) | |
---------------------- | --------------------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 METHODS OF NAMING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871m | |
List of | words which mean related items-METONOMY |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
LIST OF identical phrases;different meanings(JRNY) | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE---WORD journey IS CAPPED | |
Nu10-28a | These are the [ORDER of the] JOURNEYS*1 of the Jews | |
Nu10-28b | And they [Actually] JOURNEYED*2 | |
Nu33-01 | These are the [ACTUAL]JOURNEYS*1 of the Jews | |
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*1 - Nu10 talks about the SEQUENCE of tribes IF Journeying*10 - Nu33 talks about the ACTUAL JOURNEYS *2 The VERB form is used indicating an ACTUAL Journey The other verses use a NOUN FORM | ||
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*10 Since the above ALIGNMENT shows us that - JOURNEYS= JOURNEY SEQUENCES in Nu10, hence - JOURNEYS=JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-12a ---------------------------------------- The Jews journeyed by THEIR JOURNEY SEQUENCE from SINAI....to PARAN ---------------------------------------- Here Rashi transfers the meaning inferred from the ALIGNMENT to the rest of the chapter in which the ALIGNMENT occurs. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10 | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Lv26-13c | Redeem you STANDING | PROUDLY | ||
Lv26-13b | break the STICK of yoke | break LATCH of yoke | ||
Lv27-03a | YOUR-VALUE | Fee Schedule | ||
Lv27-03b | YOUR-VALUE | Fee-Schedule | ||
Lv27-08c | what his HAND can GRAB | what he can AFFORD | ||
Gn49-26d | BREASTS | Ejaculation | ||
Gn49-26c | EJACTULATION and WOMBS | Many happy children | ||
Gn30-35c | sheep with WHITE | WHITE PATCHES | ||
Ex30-07b | FLAMES of candellabrah | OIL PANS hold flames | ||
Ex27-20a | CLEAR OIL | OIL without dregs | *4 | |
Gn30-39a | aroused by STICKS | REFLECTION OF STICKS | *11 | |
Ex14-07c | FIRST-SECOND-THIRD | PRES-VicePres-Secrtry | ||
Ex22-02b | He has BLOOD | Guilty of BLOODSHED | ||
Nu35-27a | He doesnt have BLOOD | Not a MURDERER | ||
-------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | |
Dt01-16d | court case with GRANARY | GRANARY-tenant worker | *14 | |
Lv27-02b | vow SOUL | vow VALUE OF SOUL | ||
Nu10-28b | These are the JOURNEYS | ...JOURNEY SEQUENCES | ||
Nu10-12a | Journey BY JOURNEY | BY JOURNEY SEQUENCE | ||
Nu10-34b | from their CAMP | From their CAMPINGS | ||
Gn23-04b | PLOT OF GRAVE | Burial Plot | *12 | |
Dt25-09a | Spit IN FACE | Spit TOWARDS HIM | *1 | |
Lv05-04a | Swear by lips | Verbally(Explicitly) | *2 | |
Ex28-08a | Belt OF his AYPHOD | Belt USED with AYPHOD | *3 | |
Ex28-31a | the dress OF AYPHD | Aypohd USED with DRES | *3 | |
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*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means SPIT TOWARDS HIM *2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I am angry and start ranting and raving without however fully articulating everything on my mind -- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly) *3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean - OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS) - PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH) - ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED with Garment) Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11 *4 Rashis real point here ('What is bothering Rashi') is that the METONOMY rule requires that CLEAR OIL could either mean - literally clear oil - oil producing a clear flame Rashi advises us that here it is literal Rashi also cites the Talmud Menachoth which outlines the production process *5 So - VALUE = FEE - YOUR-VALUE = FEE SCHEDULE(Fixed amount for each gender and age group)*13 | ||||
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*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY is that - LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE - LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy-- for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES. The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule. The metonomy of most of the examples in this list can be inferred from context. *11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get aroused from merely seeing something patched (which reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender). Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER. The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES. It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females became aroused the males mated them. So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS. *12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to a plot of land (without any additional words): ------------------------------------------------------ Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers ------------------------------------------------------ *13 Rashi admits that ----------------------------------------------------- I don't understand (know of a precedent) for the peculiar grammatical construction: YOUR-VALUE ----------------------------------------------------- Rashi was NOT stating that he did not know what YOUR-VALUE vs VALUE means. In fact he says explicitly ------------------------------------------------- the value was fixed for each gender and age group ------------------------------------------------- Rather what Rashi did not know was a precedent for the peculiar grammatical form: YOUR-VALUE *14 As usual in this list we have brought Rashi's SECOND explanation (Whenever there are two explanations in Rashi, we reject the first as wrong and accept the second as right). I am told that the Lubavitcher Rebbe may he rest in peace held a different view: There are problems with each explanation and Rashi therefore brought both. We have very slightly modified Rashi to make his comment consistent with Biblical Hebrew. Rashi actually states -------------------------------------------------- Judge even minor cases like LANDLORD vs TENANT -------------------------------------------------- We have modified this as follows ----------------------------------------------- Judge even minor cases like LANDLORD vs FARMER-TENANT ----------------------------------------------- PEOPLE and their PLACES often have same names (e.g. AMERICA-AMERICAN) The FARMER TENANT is the person ASSOCIATED with the GRANARY which in Hebrew is Gimel Resh. It is for this reason that we have slightly amended Rashi. The literal Rashi, TENANT would not make sense linguistically since Gimel-Resh refers to an ALIEN not to a TENANT. On the other hand, Gimel-Resh as meaning GRANARY is common in the Bible. |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu14-09b
RASHIS COVERED: Nu14-09b Nu10-31d Nu14-11a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS since the words acquire new meanings. In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a universal principle of all languages---METONOMY. METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans, by the LAND they live in, America) METONOMY is closed related to SYNECHDOCHE which refers to naming a whole class by an exemplary member of the class or naming an object by a distinguished part of that object. A related principle is what I call the triple FFF principle:naming by FORM,FUNCTION, or FEEL. For example the PENTAGON is named by its FORM while the UNITED NATIONS is named by its FUNCTION. HARDship is named by its feel. There are other rules---the GLASS is named by the substance it is made out of. EXAMPLE 1: Nu14-09b ------------------- Recall the English idiom a ------------------ PIECE OF CAKE ------------------ A similar idiom in Hebrew is ---------------------------- OUR BREAD ---------------------------- Using the English idiom Rashi translates Nu14-09b ------------------------------------------------ But do not rebel against the Lord, do notfear the people of the land; FOR THEY ARE A PIECE OF CAKE [for us to conquer] their defense is departed from them, and the Lord is with us; fear them not. ------------------------------------------------ EXAMPLE 2: Nu10-29:31d ----------------------- Recall the English idiom, ------------------------ the GLEAM of my eye ------------------------ Using this IDIOM Rashi translates Nu10-29:31d --------------------------------------------- And Moses said to Hobab, the son of Rauel the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, We are journeying to the place that said, I will give it you; come with us, and we will do you good; for the Lord has spoken good concerning Israel. And he[Chovav] said to him[Moses], I will not go; but I will depart to my own land, and to my kindred. And he[Moses] said, Do not leave us,Leave us not, I pray you; for you know our camping problems in the wildernes and you are the GLEAM OF OUR EYES ------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE 3: Nu14-11a -------------------- The previous two examples use METONOMY, the naming of an item by a related item. Thus - a PRECIOUS item is called the GLEAM OF ONES EYES since the eyes frequently GLEAM when one is Happy - a PIECE OF CAKE (or bread) is a typical example of something that can be consumed quickly without resistance * In Nu14-11 we use METONOMY to relate SPACE and TIME - Aleph-Nun-Hey means WHERE (space) - UNTIL Aleph-Nun-Hey means TILL WHEN (Time) Rashi translates Nu14-11a as follows -------------------------------------- And the Lord said to Moses, UNTIL WHEN will this people provoke me? And UNTIL WHEN will it be before they believe me, for all the signs which I have shown among them? -------------------------------------- LIST871z presents these and other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871z | |
List of idioms using | METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation) LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | METONOMY | METHOD USED | |
Lv02-11a | HONEY | SWEET*1 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv21-21c | BREAD | FOOD*1 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Nu08-02c | Candellabrah | Central Staff | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Nu09-15a | Tent Tablets | Whole Temple*11 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Ex31-21c | Tent Tablets | Whole Temple*11 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv18-03a | Egyptian-like | Sexually perverse*10 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv18-03b | CanaaniteLike | Sexually perverse*10 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
------- | ------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | |
Nu14-09b | Our Bread | Piece of cake(Easy) | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu10-31d | Our eyes | Gleam of our eye(Good) | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu14-11a | Till WHERE | Till WHEN*4 | Metonomy*2 | |
Lv18-09b | OUT BIRTH | OUT of WEDLOCK | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu11-20c | Out of nose | disgusted*12 | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu09-20b | Numbered days | Small number of days | Metonomy*2 | |
------- | ------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | |
Nu08-16b | SproutFromWomb | birth*13 | FFF-Form*3 | |
Nu04-14a | Frighteners | Coal rakers | FFF-Feeling*3 | |
Nu04-14c | Barren | Sweep cleam | FFF-Function*3 | |
-------- | Pentagon | Pentagon Institution | FFF-Form*3 | |
-------- | U.N. | U.N. Institution | FFF-Function*3 | |
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*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole by the part *2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something related *3 An example of naming by either - Form (eg Pentagon) - Function (e.g UN) - Feel (e.g. Hardship) We call this the FFF rule. *4 RULE ---- * ALeph nun hey = WHERE * UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN | ||||
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*10 Rashi: ----------------------------------------------- Since generally sexually-perverse acts are called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual perversity. ----------------------------------------------- Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to explain the reason for naming sexual perversity as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE. *11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated. Nu09-15c literally translated states ----------------------------- SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS ----------------------------- Ex31-21c literally translated states -------------------------------- The Sanctuary of Tablets -------------------------------- The following terms all refer to the Temple -------------------------------------------- * Sanctuary * Sanctuary of Tablets * Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets * Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting -------------------------------------------- While Rashi explains the details of some of these terms it seems reasonable to simply view them all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on the terms are presented below. Technically the literal Hebrew term is -------------------------------------- * Sanctuary of TESTIMONY -------------------------------------- However the TABLETS with the 10 COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY (See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have translated this phrase as the ------------------------------- * Sanctuary of Tablets ------------------------------- The temple is called the --------------------------------- * Sanctuary of Meeting --------------------------------- because God designates the Temple as a meeting place for Prophecy (Cf. Ex25-22) *12 The verse states ---------------------------- until it comes out of your nose and becomes strange ---------------------------- Rashi translates the whole item as meaning DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of NEW MEANINGS. *13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh --------------------------------------- * SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19 --------------------------------------- * SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10) * SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14) * SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16) --------------------------------------- We clearly have here a naming by FORM. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
11 | 309w | THESE ARE THE JOURNEYS vs THESE ARE THE JOURNEY SEQEUENCES | |
7 | 871m | WHEN THEY JOURNEYED FROM THE CAMP=FROM THEIR CAMPINGS | |
7 | 871d | TILL WHERE=TILL WHEN; Piece of Cake=easy;Gleam of our eyes(Good) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu14-09b | NEW MEANINGS | PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE | |
Nu10-31d | NEW MEANINGS | PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE | |
Nu14-11a | NEW MEANINGS | PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE | |
Nu10-28a | ALIGNMENT | Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES | |
Nu10-28b | ALIGNMENT | Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES | |
Nu10-34b | ALIGNMENT | Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES | |
Nu10-12a | ALIGNMENT | Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#