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               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 30 Number 2
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                     Produced June 17th, 2006
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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

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COMMENTS
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*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
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- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu10-28a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu10-28a Nu10-28b Nu10-34b Nu10-12a
Nu10-28a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from
- the ALIGNMENT,
- that is, the word by word comparison,
of almost identical  verses.The minor variations
between these almost similar  verses suggests nuances
and differences or even meaning. We
call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES

-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.

-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE 1: Nu10-28a Nu10-28b
---------------------------------------------
Reference to JOURNEYS has 3 distinct meanings
in the following verses
-------------------------------------------------------------
- (Nu10-28) These are the [ORDER of the] JOURNEYS of the Jews
-           And they [Actually] JOURNEYED
- (Nu33-01) These are the [ACTUAL]JOURNEYS of the Jews
-------------------------------------------------------------

Rashi (Paraphrased) explains:
----------------------------------------------------
The same word JOURNEYS
- means the JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-28
- means the ACTURAL JOURNEYS in Nu33-01
Biblical chapter Nu33-01 describes the actual journeys
of the Jewish people. Biblical chapter Nu10-28 describes
the order in which the individual tribes journeyed.

The word JOURNEYED vs JOURNEY is a verb---it indicates
that an ACTUAL JOURNEY took place at this time.
-----------------------------------------------------

LIST309w summarizes this METONOMY.

In translating JOURNEY as the SEQUENCE OF JOURNEYS
Rashi was using the METONOMY principle. Let us
review the METONOMY principle

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the WORD MEANING
method. One WORD MEANING method is the METONOMY
method. METONOMY is the naming of an item by a
RELATED item. For example AMERICA defeated IRAQ
really means the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the
IRAQY PEOPLE. Here the LAND America names the
related item, the PEOPLE that reside in AMERICA.

EXAMPLE Nu10-28a
----------------
As just seen the word JOURNEYS in
Nu10-28a refers to the JOURNEY SEQUENCE.
This ia an example of METONOMY.

EXAMPLE Nu10-12a
----------------
Since the above ALIGNMENT shows us that
- JOURNEYS= JOURNEY SEQUENCES in Nu10, hence
- JOURNEYS=JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-12a
----------------------------------------
The Jews journeyed by THEIR JOURNEY SEQUENCE
from SINAI....to PARAN
----------------------------------------

Here Rashi transfers the meaning inferred from
the ALIGNMENT to the rest of the chapter in which
the ALIGNMENT occurs.

This also follows the METONOMY principle.

EXAMPLE Nu10-34b
----------------
Verse Nu10-34 states
-------------------------
And the CLOUD OF GOD [Prophecy]
was on them when they journeyed
from THEIR CAMP
-------------------------

Rashi interprets THEIR CAMP, metonomycally
Rashi suggests the verse be translated as
follows
---------------------------------
And the CLOUD OF GOD [Prophecy]
was on them when they journeyed
from THEIR CAMPINGS
---------------------------------

Here CAMP metonomyically refers to
their CAMPING STATES.

LIST871m summarizes this and similar
examples of METONOMY.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST309w
LIST OF identical phrases;different meanings(JRNY)
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 METHODS OF NAMING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871m
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY
LIST309w
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

LIST OF identical phrases;different meanings(JRNY)
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE---WORD journey IS CAPPED
Nu10-28a These are the [ORDER of the] JOURNEYS*1 of the Jews
Nu10-28b And they [Actually] JOURNEYED*2
Nu33-01 These are the [ACTUAL]JOURNEYS*1 of the Jews
COMMENTS
*1 - Nu10 talks about the SEQUENCE of tribes IF Journeying*10
- Nu33 talks about the ACTUAL JOURNEYS

*2 The VERB form is used indicating an ACTUAL Journey
The other verses use a NOUN FORM

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Since the above ALIGNMENT shows us that
- JOURNEYS= JOURNEY SEQUENCES in Nu10, hence
- JOURNEYS=JOURNEY SEQUENCE in Nu10-12a
----------------------------------------
The Jews journeyed by THEIR JOURNEY SEQUENCE
from SINAI....to PARAN
----------------------------------------

Here Rashi transfers the meaning inferred from
the ALIGNMENT to the rest of the chapter in which
the ALIGNMENT occurs.

LIST871m
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
Lv26-13c Redeem you STANDING PROUDLY
Lv26-13b break the STICK of yoke break LATCH of yoke
Lv27-03a YOUR-VALUE Fee Schedule
Lv27-03b YOUR-VALUE Fee-Schedule
Lv27-08c what his HAND can GRAB what he can AFFORD
Gn49-26d BREASTS Ejaculation
Gn49-26c EJACTULATION and WOMBS Many happy children
Gn30-35c sheep with WHITE WHITE PATCHES
Ex30-07b FLAMES of candellabrah OIL PANS hold flames
Ex27-20a CLEAR OIL OIL without dregs *4
Gn30-39a aroused by STICKS REFLECTION OF STICKS *11
Ex14-07c FIRST-SECOND-THIRD PRES-VicePres-Secrtry
Ex22-02b He has BLOOD Guilty of BLOODSHED
Nu35-27a He doesnt have BLOOD Not a MURDERER
-------- ----------------------- --------------------- -----------
Dt01-16d court case with GRANARY GRANARY-tenant worker *14
Lv27-02b vow SOUL vow VALUE OF SOUL
Nu10-28b These are the JOURNEYS ...JOURNEY SEQUENCES
Nu10-12a Journey BY JOURNEY BY JOURNEY SEQUENCE
Nu10-34b from their CAMP From their CAMPINGS
Gn23-04b PLOT OF GRAVE Burial Plot *12
Dt25-09a Spit IN FACE Spit TOWARDS HIM *1
Lv05-04a Swear by lips Verbally(Explicitly) *2
Ex28-08a Belt OF his AYPHOD Belt USED with AYPHOD *3
Ex28-31a the dress OF AYPHD Aypohd USED with DRES *3
COMMENTS
*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him
The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal
whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means
SPIT TOWARDS HIM

*2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I
am angry and start ranting and raving without
however fully articulating everything on my mind
-- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND
but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly)

*3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH

Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)

Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11

*4 Rashis real point here ('What is bothering Rashi') is
that the METONOMY rule requires that CLEAR OIL could
either mean
- literally clear oil
- oil producing a clear flame
Rashi advises us that here it is literal
Rashi also cites the Talmud Menachoth which
outlines the production process


*5 So
- VALUE = FEE
- YOUR-VALUE = FEE SCHEDULE(Fixed amount for each
gender and age group)*13

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and
the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY
is that
- LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered
the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS
refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE

- LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy--
for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to
SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES.

The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer
to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not
always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words
it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule.

The metonomy of most of the examples in this list
can be inferred from context.

*11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get
aroused from merely seeing something patched (which
reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender).

Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER.

The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the
reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance
of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES.

It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches
that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating
bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females
became aroused the males mated them.

So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP
by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS.

*12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to
a plot of land (without any additional words):
------------------------------------------------------
Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT
Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance
Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers
------------------------------------------------------

*13 Rashi admits that
-----------------------------------------------------
I don't understand (know of a precedent) for the
peculiar grammatical construction: YOUR-VALUE
-----------------------------------------------------

Rashi was NOT stating that he did not know what
YOUR-VALUE vs VALUE means. In fact he says explicitly
-------------------------------------------------
the value was fixed for each gender and age group
-------------------------------------------------

Rather what Rashi did not know was a precedent
for the peculiar grammatical form: YOUR-VALUE

*14 As usual in this list we have brought Rashi's SECOND
explanation (Whenever there are two explanations in
Rashi, we reject the first as wrong and accept the
second as right). I am told that the Lubavitcher Rebbe
may he rest in peace held a different view: There are
problems with each explanation and Rashi therefore brought
both.

We have very slightly modified Rashi to make his
comment consistent with Biblical Hebrew. Rashi actually states
--------------------------------------------------
Judge even minor cases like LANDLORD vs TENANT
--------------------------------------------------

We have modified this as follows
-----------------------------------------------
Judge even minor cases like LANDLORD vs
FARMER-TENANT
-----------------------------------------------

PEOPLE and their PLACES often have same names
(e.g. AMERICA-AMERICAN) The FARMER TENANT is
the person ASSOCIATED with
the GRANARY which in Hebrew is Gimel Resh. It
is for this reason that we have slightly amended
Rashi.

The literal Rashi, TENANT would not make sense
linguistically since Gimel-Resh refers to an ALIEN
not to a TENANT. On the other hand, Gimel-Resh
as meaning GRANARY is common in the Bible.

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu14-09b
RASHIS COVERED: Nu14-09b Nu10-31d Nu14-11a
Nu14-09b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning.
Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM
occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not
directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words
of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS
since the words acquire new meanings.

In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)

METONOMY is closed related to SYNECHDOCHE which
refers to naming a whole class by an exemplary
member of the class or naming an object by a
distinguished part of that object.

A related principle is what I call the triple
FFF principle:naming by FORM,FUNCTION, or FEEL.
For example the PENTAGON is named
by its FORM while the UNITED NATIONS is named
by its FUNCTION. HARDship is named by its feel.
There are other rules---the GLASS is named by the
substance it is made out of.


EXAMPLE 1: Nu14-09b
-------------------
Recall the English idiom a
------------------
PIECE OF CAKE
------------------

A similar idiom in Hebrew is
----------------------------
OUR BREAD
----------------------------

Using the English idiom Rashi translates Nu14-09b
------------------------------------------------
But do not rebel against the Lord,
do notfear the people of the land;
FOR THEY ARE A PIECE OF CAKE [for us to conquer]
their defense is departed from them,
and the Lord is with us;
fear them not.
------------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE 2: Nu10-29:31d
-----------------------
Recall the English idiom,
------------------------
the GLEAM of my eye
------------------------

Using this IDIOM Rashi translates Nu10-29:31d
---------------------------------------------
And Moses said to Hobab, the son of Rauel
the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law,
We are journeying to the place
that said, I will give it you;
come with us, and we will do you good;
for the Lord has spoken good concerning Israel.
And he[Chovav] said to him[Moses],
I will not go; but I will depart to my own land,
and to my kindred.
And he[Moses] said,
Do not leave us,Leave us not, I pray you;
for you know our camping problems in the wildernes
and you are the GLEAM OF OUR EYES
-------------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE 3: Nu14-11a
--------------------
The previous two examples use METONOMY, the naming
of an item by a related item. Thus

- a PRECIOUS item is called the GLEAM OF ONES EYES
since the eyes frequently GLEAM when one is Happy

- a PIECE OF CAKE (or bread) is a typical example
of something that can be consumed quickly without
resistance

* In Nu14-11 we use METONOMY to relate SPACE and TIME
- Aleph-Nun-Hey means WHERE (space)
- UNTIL Aleph-Nun-Hey means TILL WHEN (Time)

Rashi translates Nu14-11a as follows
--------------------------------------
And the Lord said to Moses,
UNTIL WHEN will this people provoke me?
And UNTIL WHEN will it be before they believe me,
for all the signs which I have shown among them?
--------------------------------------

LIST871z presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871z
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE METONOMY METHOD USED
Lv02-11a HONEY SWEET*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv21-21c BREAD FOOD*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu08-02c Candellabrah Central Staff SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu09-15a Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex31-21c Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03a Egyptian-like Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03b CanaaniteLike Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu14-09b Our Bread Piece of cake(Easy) Metonomy*2
Nu10-31d Our eyes Gleam of our eye(Good) Metonomy*2
Nu14-11a Till WHERE Till WHEN*4 Metonomy*2
Lv18-09b OUT BIRTH OUT of WEDLOCK Metonomy*2
Nu11-20c Out of nose disgusted*12 Metonomy*2
Nu09-20b Numbered days Small number of days Metonomy*2
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu08-16b SproutFromWomb birth*13 FFF-Form*3
Nu04-14a Frighteners Coal rakers FFF-Feeling*3
Nu04-14c Barren Sweep cleam FFF-Function*3
-------- Pentagon Pentagon Institution FFF-Form*3
-------- U.N. U.N. Institution FFF-Function*3
COMMENTS
*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole
by the part

*2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something
related

*3 An example of naming by either
- Form (eg Pentagon)
- Function (e.g UN)
- Feel (e.g. Hardship)
We call this the FFF rule.

*4 RULE
----
* ALeph nun hey = WHERE
* UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi:
-----------------------------------------------
Since generally sexually-perverse acts are
called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer
that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual
perversity.
-----------------------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to
explain the reason for naming sexual perversity
as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE.

*11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated.
Nu09-15c literally translated states
-----------------------------
SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS
-----------------------------

Ex31-21c literally translated states
--------------------------------
The Sanctuary of Tablets
--------------------------------


The following terms all refer to the Temple
--------------------------------------------
* Sanctuary
* Sanctuary of Tablets
* Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets
* Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting
--------------------------------------------
While Rashi explains the details
of some of these terms it seems
reasonable to simply view them
all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on
the terms are presented below.

Technically the literal Hebrew term is
--------------------------------------
* Sanctuary of TESTIMONY
--------------------------------------

However the TABLETS with the 10
COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY
(See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have
translated this phrase as the
-------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Tablets
-------------------------------

The temple is called the
---------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Meeting
---------------------------------
because God designates the Temple
as a meeting place for Prophecy
(Cf. Ex25-22)

*12 The verse states
----------------------------
until it comes out of your nose
and becomes strange
----------------------------

Rashi translates the whole item as meaning
DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of
NEW MEANINGS.

*13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10)
* SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14)
* SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16)
---------------------------------------
We clearly have here a naming by FORM.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
11 309w THESE ARE THE JOURNEYS vs THESE ARE THE JOURNEY SEQEUENCES
7 871m WHEN THEY JOURNEYED FROM THE CAMP=FROM THEIR CAMPINGS
7 871d TILL WHERE=TILL WHEN; Piece of Cake=easy;Gleam of our eyes(Good)
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Nu14-09b NEW MEANINGS PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE
Nu10-31d NEW MEANINGS PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE
Nu14-11a NEW MEANINGS PIECE OF CAKE,where-when,GLEAM OF EYE
Nu10-28a ALIGNMENT Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES
Nu10-28b ALIGNMENT Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES
Nu10-34b ALIGNMENT Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES
Nu10-12a ALIGNMENT Listof JOURNEYS vs JOURNEY SEQUENCES
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#