SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING.
Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as
BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE.
The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru
different means.

For example a modern author might hilight distinct
items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights
distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS.

We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi
subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS

Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
(without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of
FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS.

EXAMPLE 1: Nu13-33b
-------------------------
Verse Nu13-33 states
-------------------------------
And there we saw the Nefilim,
the sons of Anak,
who come from the Nefilim;
and we were IN OUR OWN SIGHT as grasshoppers,
and so were we IN THEIR SIGHT.
-------------------------------

Rashi comments on the CAPPED phrases
------------------------------------
- WE saw ourselves as insects (Grasshoppers)
- THEY also saw us as insects
------------------------------------

NOTE: The translation "as insects" simply uses
a well known English idiom to capture the flavor
of the Biblical text.

Rashi literally says
----------------------------------------
We heard THEM saying, 'We see human
insects in the fields.'
----------------------------------------

Here, Rashi is simply giving one reasonable
possibility of how the spies knew that the
inhabitants of the land ALSO SAW THE JEWS
AS INSECTS (They overheard them speaking)

LIST108d below summarizes the above bulleting.

EXAMPLE 2: Nu09-20a
-------------------
The Hebrew word YUD-SHIN typically means
- EXISTS
- POSSESSES/HAVE

Some typical verses might be
-Gn44-20 We HAVE an elderly father
-Gn18-25 Maybe 50 righteous people EXIST in the city

Rashi gives a third meaning for YUD-SHIN
when it occurs as bullet word. Nu09-20:21 states
------------------------------------------
- And there EXISTED TIMES
when the cloud was a few days
upon the tabernacle;
according to the commandment of the Lord
they abode in their tents,
and according to the commandment of the Lord
they journeyed.

- And there EXISTED TIMES
when the cloud abode from evening
to the morning, and the cloud was
taken up in the morning,
then they journeyed;
whether it was by day or by night
that the cloud was taken up,
they journeyed.
------------------------------------------

Rashi
---------------------------------
The BULLETED repeating word EXISTS
could fruitfully be interpreted as
SOMETIMES
---------------------------------

In other words Rashi would interpret
the verses as follows
------------------------------------------
- And SOMETIMES
when the cloud was a few days
upon the tabernacle;
according to the commandment of the Lord
they abode in their tents,
and according to the commandment of the Lord
they journeyed.

- And SOMETIMES
when the cloud abode from evening
to the morning, and the cloud was
taken up in the morning,
then they journeyed;
whether it was by day or by night
that the cloud was taken up,
they journeyed.
------------------------------------------


LIST108e below summarizes the above bulleting.

PARAGRAPH structure of   Nu09-20a--SOMETIMES....SOMETIMES....

PARAGRAPH structure of   Nu13-26b--We/they thought of us as insects

PARAGRAPH structure of   Nu13-26b--We/they thought of us as insects

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main tasks is to explain
GRAMMAR the same way modern Hebrew books
explain GRAMMAR. We call this the Rashi GRAMMAR rule.
Rashi had three broad sub-rules in explaining GRAMMAR

(1) A major component of Hebrew GRAMMAR are the rules
governing conjugations of VERBS, or HEBREW ROOTS.
There are 7 grammatical modes with half a dozen
parameters: tense, person, gender, plurality,
connective words...

(2) Another component of GRAMMAR deals with
PREFIXES-SUFFIXES and other letters, or small words,
that  indicate changes in meanings.This PREFIX-SUFFIX
subrule includes the rules governing the rules of
plural, gender, pronouns etc. We are still making
discoveries of PREFIX-SUFFIX rules today.

(3) Finally a more advanced part of GRAMMAR deals
with the rules of entire SENTENCES. The SENTENCE
rules includes the rules governing sentence order,
apposition, and compound sentences


EXAMPLE 1: Nu13-26b
-------------------
Nu13-26 states
----------------------------------------------
And they went and came to Moses,
and to Aaron,
and to all the congregation of the people of Israel,
to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh;
AND BROUGHT TO THEM A REPORT
and TO ALL THE CONGREGATION
and showed them the fruit of the land.
----------------------------------------------

Rashi comments
------------------------------------------
The capped phrase
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THEY BROUGHT -TO THEM- A REPORT
and          -TO ALL THE CONGREGATION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
should be interpreted using the principle
of APPOSITION--that is the above phrase
can be interpreted as meaning

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THEY BROUGHT BACK A REPORT -
- TO THEM and
- TO ALL THE CONGREGATION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
------------------------------------------

LIST705a summarizes this example and other examples
using APPOSITION.

List of verses with      Use of APPOSITION

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS-
REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding
FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this
the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the
OTHER VERSE method.

If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we
call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION.

If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of
some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD
of MEANING.

If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if
no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD
of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms
the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to
the first verse

EXAMPLE 1: Nu10-02e
-------------------
Verse Nu10-02 states
----------------------------------------------
God told Moses make two trumpets;
they shall be made HARD
----------------------------------------------

Rashi INFERS the MEANING of
the capped word HARD
by citing OTHER VERSES
----------------------------------
Ex25-31 Make a HARD Menorah...its ORNAMENTS FROM IT
Ex25-36 Its ornaments,shafts will be FROM IT-one HARD piece
----------------------------------

------------------------------------------
Ex25-17 make an ARK COVER
Ex25-18 make two KERUBIM---Make them HARD
Ex25-19 the KERUBIM come from the ARK COVER
------------------------------------------

From these OTHER VERSES Rashi infers
-----------------------------------------
The word HARD when used in conjunction
with production of objects means SCULPTORED
vs SOLDERED--that is the objects parts COME
FROM IT rather than being made separately
and SOLDERED on.
------------------------------------------

Rashi applied this HARD=SCULPTORED meaning
to the KERUBIM.

LIST250e below summarizes this argument.

List of verses           showing that HARD means SCULPTORED

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10