OVERVIEW
----------------
Today we review the Rashis on the Biblical paragraph
Nu18-01:08. These Rashis use 4 Rashi principles.

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS-
REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding
FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this
the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the
OTHER VERSE method.

If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we
call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION.

If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of
some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD
of MEANING.

If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if
no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD
of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms
the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to
the first verse

In Nu18-01:10 there are five uses of OTHER VERSES.

EXAMPLE 1: Nu18-04
------------------
Nu04-15 explicitly states that a DEATH PENALTY
will result if the KEHATITE LEVITES handle the HOLY TEMPLE
VESSELS which is the job of the priests. This OTHER verse
sheds FURTHER DETAIL on Nu18-04 which prohibit
strangers from dealing with the Temple which can cause
God to get angry. The prevention of strangers approaching
the Temple is covered in Rashis: Nu18-01c Nu18-01e Nu18-02b
Nu18-04a

EXAMPLE 2,3:Nu18-05a
-----------------
Nu18-05 speaks about the anger of God
when non-priests and non-Levites deal
with the Temple. This anger is supported
by OTHER VERSES which give further details and examples.
For example Nu17-05 describes Gods anger
at the Korach rebellion in which a Levite,
Korach, sought Priesthood. Similarly Lv10-01:02
describes the death of Nadav and Avihu who sought
to offer uninvited incense to God.


EXAMPLE 4: Nu18-06a
------------------
Nu18-06 describes how the Levites are
given as a gift to the priests. This
is supported by an OTHER VERSE Nu08-14:19
which describes in detail how the Levites
replaced the first born to serve God.


EXAMPLE 5: Nu18-07a
------------------
Chapter Nu18-01:07 describes how the
service of the Priests and Levites is
Protected by death at the hands of heaven
to strangers who attempt to do this work
themselves. Nu18-08 calls the Priesthood
a GIFT. Further details may be found in
the OTHER VERSE Lv22-14:18 which describes
punishment to strangers who eat priestly
gifts in negligence.

LIST210v presents other examples of verse pairs
with one verse illuminating an other verse

SUCCINT SUMMARY:
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three
major GRAMMAR submethods:

(a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all
conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots.
Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes
to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality
(v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii)
mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning.
Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for
roots with weak letters.

(b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes
of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs
Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type  (interrogative, command)
(iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v)
paragraph / sentence development.

(c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with
(i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct
(iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms
(e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use
numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means
towards).

The SENTENCE submethod presents 3 means of DEVELOPMENT of
consecutive sentences or consecutive paragraphs.
- CAUSE, ENABLEMENT,
- CONTRAST
- UNIFYING THEME.

EXAMPLE Nu18-04a
----------------
Nu18-04 states
------------------------------------
And they shall be joined to you,
and keep the GUARD of the Temple
for all the service of the Temple
SO THAT a stranger shall not come near you.
------------------------------------

Rashi
-------------------------------------
We have added the CAPPED words SO THAT
in the translation of Nu18-04 to hilight
that the first part of the verse--
keep the GUARD of the TEMPLE has as its
purpose an ENABLEMENT that no STRANGER
shall come near the Temple
-------------------------------------

In other words Nu18-04 defines the purpose
of the TEMPLE GUARD as PREVENTING strangers
from approaching the temple.

This theme that strangers should not come
near the Temple is further supported in
Rashis Nu18-01c Nu18-01e Nu18-02b Nu18-04a

LIST061c summarizes this argument as well
as presents other Rashis focusing on the
causal/enabling nature of the two verse
segments.

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING.
Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as
BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE.
The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru
different means.

For example a modern author might hilight distinct
items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights
distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS.

We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi
subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS

Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
(without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of
FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS.

EXAMPLE Nu04
------------
Nu04-04:33 describes the duties of the Levite
subfamilies in the temple.

-----------------------------------------------
VERSE      LEVITE SUBTRIBE  TASKS OF THAT TRIBE
---------- ---------------- -------------------
Nu04-04:20 Kehatite tasks   TEMPLE VESSELS
Nu04-21:28 Gershonite tasks Curtains, hooks
Nu04-29:33 Merarite Tasks   Boards, sockets
-----------------------------------------------

This list is used in conjunction with an ALIGNMENT
illuminating Rashis Nu18-01a Nu18-01d and Nu18-02a
The ALIGNMENT is immediately presented below.

LIST108h below summarizes this paragraph.

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from
- the ALIGNMENT,
- that is, the word by word comparison,
of almost identical  verses.The minor variations
between these almost similar  verses suggests nuances
and differences or even meaning. We
call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES

-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.

-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE Nu18-01:08
------------------
In examining Nu18-01:02 we find 3 groups of
people addressed
------------------------------------------------------
GROUP                       TASK
--------------------------- --------------------------
you,sons,father's house     Bear iniquity of Temple
you,sons                    Bear iniquity of priesthood
Brothers,Levi               Minister,Temple Watch,
------------------------------------------------------

The ALIGNMENT of these verses distinguishes between
- You[Aaron] and Sons
- You[Aaron] and sons and HOUSEHOLD
- Brothers Levi

Rashi makes the following associations
The ALIGNMENT of these verses distinguishes between
- You[Aaron] and Sons----------------PRIESTS
- You[Aaron] and sons and HOUSEHOLD--PRIESTS/KEHATHITES
- Brothers Levi--------------OTHER LEVITES(Gershon,Merari)

NOTE: As we noted above Nu04-04:20 indicates the
prohibition of the KEHATITES from touching the Temple
vessels which echoes (OTHER VERSE METHOD) the theme
of Nu18-01:08 that Priests and others should prevent
strangers from coming near. This OTHER VERSE motivated
Rashi to identify HOUSEHOLD with KEHATHITES

Rashi then associates BROTHERS LEVI with other
LEVITES. In summary to properly understand this Rashi
we need both the FORMATTING of Paragraph Nu04
as well as the ALIGNMENT of Nu18-01:02. This
ALIGNMENT and FORMATTING provide explanation to
Rashis Nu18-01a Nu18-01d and Nu18-02a

Note that this ALIGNMENT of 3 verses combines both the
NUANCE and 2-CASE method.

LIST314p presents this ALIGNMENT.

A final ALIGNMENT summarizes several verses which
distinguish the tasks of Levites vs Priests.

--------------------------------------------------------------
TEMPLE VESSELS ALTAR(Sacrifices) HOLY HOLY GUARD
--------- -------------- ----------------- --------- -----
PRIESTS   Yes            YES               YES
LEVITES   No             No                No        Yes
--------------------------------------------------------------
The following verses make these distinctions explicit
* Nu04-19 gives the Priest/Levite distinction for Temple Vessels
* Nu18-03 gives the Priest/Levite distinction for Vessels/Altar
* Nu18-07 gives the Priest/Levite distinction for Altar/Holies
* Nu18-03:04 identifies Levite task as a GUARD

Hence the Rashi
-----------------------------------------
[How did the Levites accomplish their guard?]
- They were an honor guard for the Temple Gates
- They were in charge of keys
- They were in charge of money chests for Temple repairs
-----------------------------------------

The Honor guard of the Levites is mentioned in Rashi Nu18-02c

Finally LIST314q summarizes a variety of verses
which distinguish the tasks of LEVITES vs PRIESTS.

List of verses pairs     with one verse illuminating another
LIST210v CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y LIST210x LIST210w

A list of paragraphs     having CAUSAL connection
LIST061c continues LIST061a

PARAGRAPH structure of Nu04-Kehatites, Gershonites, Merarites

List of verses with      3 GROUPS watching temple

List of verses with      PRIEST-LEVITE differences in Tmpl Guard

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10