Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2006 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 30 Number 8 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h30n8.htm ----------------------------------- Produced July 9, 2006 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Nu19-09b
RASHI: Nu19-09b Nu19-09c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY: ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three major GRAMMAR submethods: (a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots. Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality (v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii) mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning. Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for roots with weak letters. (b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type (interrogative, command) (iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v) paragraph / sentence development. (c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with (i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct (iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms (e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means towards). One grammar method that overlaps with word meaning is the NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS method. This method studies how words can change from OBJECTS (noun) to ACTIVITIES (verbs) to ATTRIBUTES (adjective). Rashi uncovered three ways for nouns to become verbs-- (a) to REMOVE the noun (e.g. to DUST) (b) to CREATE the noun (e.g. to FLOWER) (c) to USE the noun in the traditional manner it is used (e.g. to HAMMER) EXAMPLE 1: To HAND=To THROW ---------------------------- All words denoting BODY ORGANS can become words indicating the TRADITIONAL MANNER of that ORGAN. For example - to LEG=To scout/spy - to HEART=to arouse desire - to EAR=to listen and study carefully - to HAND=to throw - to KNEE=to BLESS=to facilitate movement (Rav Hirsch) - to EYE = to study - to NOSE = to get angry EXAMPLE 2: To REMOVE MISSES=to cleanse -------------------------------------- The original meaning of the Hebrew root Cheth-Teth-Alpeh is TO MISS as in a marksmen missing his mark. The VERB form of this means TO REMOVE THE MISSES and means to CLEANSE. It can be used to mean TO REMOVE SINS AND DOUBTS(those things we missed). LIST050d studies other words whose meaning changes due to shift in grammatical function | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST050d | |
List of words with | Grammatical function shift=Meaning shift |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of words with Grammatical function shift=Meaning shift | |||
NOUN-VERB | VERB Means | TYPE | |
SPRINGED | Fully BLOSSOMED | Create*18 | |
ToCHILD*16 | To RAISE/CREATE children | Create | |
To TENT*12 | Pitch many tents for flocks/shepards | Create | |
To ARM | Make someone ARMED*11 | Create | |
To Plant | Creation (planting) of plants | Create | |
To record | To Create a record | Create | |
To milk | To Create(bring forth) milk | Create | |
To fire*1 | To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) | Create | |
To build | To Create a building | Create | |
To worm | To produce/bring forth Worms*2 | Create | |
To BORDER | To make borders*3 | Create | |
EMBROIDER | Make embroidery*4 | Create | |
MAKE GOOD | FIX--take a bad item and MAKE IT GOOD | Create*20 | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | ------- | |
To Young | Remove / cut the young grapes*9 | Remove | |
To dust | Removal of dust *5 | Remove | |
To UpRoot | To remove the roots(from the ground) | Remove | |
To DeFrost | To remove the frost | Remove | |
To "miss" | To remove one's missings (To cleanse) | Remove*22 | |
Blood*6 | To remove the blood (ie to KILL) | Remove | |
SLOPPIIZE | To remove SLOPPINESS-MAKE FORMAL | Remove*21 | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
To hammar | Do Standard activity done with hammar | Standard | |
To screw | Do Standard activity done with screws | Standard | |
To fan | Do Standard activity done with a Fan | Standard | |
To Dough | Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 | Standard | |
To Fly | FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly | Standard | |
To COAT | To place coat on and tighten it*8 | Standard | |
PACE | PACE=speed of WALK=activity of FEET*14 | Standard | |
PathPeople | A Caravan=People on the Path*15 | Standard | |
ToGOLDHand | Standard use:Place Golden ringOnHand*17 | Standard | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
to leg | to scout/spy*23 | Standard | |
to hand | to throw*24 | Standard | |
to ear | to study, weigh options*25 | Standard | |
to eye | to study*26 | Standard | |
to heart | to arouse*27 | Standard | |
to nose | to lose ones temper*28 | Standard | |
to knee | to bless*29 | Standard | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
ToBe Able | ABILITY=STATE of TO BE ABLE | STATE*10 | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
ALL-ALL | Exclusively all BLUE(WHOLLY BLUE)*19 | Exclusive | |
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*1 eg To FIRE a furnace *2 Ex16-20b *3 Ex19-12a *4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN means make them embroidered *5 Nu04-13b *6 Lv17-04a *7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are - DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE - TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising) See LIST814a for more details *8 Ex29-05a *9 Lv19-10a | |||
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*10 Abstract State *11 Nu31-03b *13 Gn13-12a *14 Rashi (Gn33-14d Gn33-14e) analyzes the word FOOTPACE as follows - FEET describe objects (NOUNS) - WALKING is the STANDARD ACTIVITY of the FEET(Verb) - PACE is the SPEED of walking(Adverbial description of HOW FAST the walk is taking place). Note: PACE itself is a noun but it functions adverbially as describing how fast the walk is. *15 Technically - The Hebrew root Aleph-Resh-Ceth means PATH - PATH is an OBJECT (Noun) - When made into an ATTRIBUTE (Adjective) - Aleph-Resh-Ceth means PATH-PEOPLE--a CARAVAN *16 Gn50-23a *17 Gn49-24c *18 Ex09-31c *19 Ex28-31b. The verse --------------------------- Make the coat ALL-ALL blue --------------------------- means ------------------------------- make it EXCLUSIVELY/WHOLLY BLUE ------------------------------- *20 Ex30-07a *21 Lv08-15a (Note that the verb TO SLOPPIIZE is parallel to the verb TO SANCTIFY. Both have a connotation of a FORMAL atmosphere). *22 The original meaning of the Hebrew root Cheth-Teth-Alpeh is TO MISS as in a marksmen missing his mark (Ju20-16) The VERB form of this means TO REMOVE THE MISSES and means to CLEANSE. It can be used to mean TO REMOVE SINS AND DOUBTS(those things we missed).[Nu19-09c] [Rashi brings a further comment ------------------------------------------ Another reason it is called Chatath is because the Parah Adumah is prohibited in benefit like sin offerings (Chatath) ------------------------------------------ However my opinion is that the fact that the Red Heiffer is prohibited in benefit can be derived from the GENERALIZATION principle since all offerings not consumed are prohibited in benefit. Thus the primary meaning of CHATATH is that the RED HEIFFER removes DOUBTS (Are mental MISSES) *23 Jo06-22 *24 Nu19-09b [The Red Heiffer ashes mixed with water is called the HAND-WATER=THROWN-WATER since we sprinkle=THROW it on impure people and they become free of their doubts.) *25 Ec12-09 *26 1S18-09 *27 So04-09 *28 P006-02 *29 [Rav Hirsch] * The LEG's function is to MOVE * The KNEE's function is to FACILITATE movement You can walk without knees but it is a stilted crooked motion. Hence TO KNEE someone is to FACILITATE their movement on their path in life. |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu20-22b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS since the words acquire new meanings. In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a universal principle of all languages---METONOMY. METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans, by the LAND they live in, America) METONOMY is closed related to SYNECHDOCHE which refers to naming a whole class by an exemplary member of the class or naming an object by a distinguished part of that object. A related principle is what I call the triple FFF principle:naming by FORM,FUNCTION, or FEEL. For example the PENTAGON is named by its FORM while the UNITED NATIONS is named by its FUNCTION. HARDship is named by its feel. There are other rules---the GLASS is named by the substance it is made out of. EXAMPLE 1: Nu20-22b ------------------- Nu20-22 states ---------------------------- Let Aaron go up to MOUNT MOUNTAIN and there he will die ---------------------------- Rashi explains the capped idiomatic phrase -------------------------------------------- MOUNT MOUNTAIN refers to a sort of double mountain (A mountain on a mountain) That is a mountain with a relatively flat area on which a second level of the mountain emerges. Like an apple on an apple. -------------------------------------------- Here Rashi uses the principle of naming by FORM. LIST871z presents these and other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871z | |
List of idioms using | METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation) LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | METONOMY | METHOD USED | |
Lv02-11a | HONEY | SWEET*1 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv21-21c | BREAD | FOOD*1 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Nu08-02c | Candellabrah | Central Staff | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Nu09-15a | Tent Tablets | Whole Temple*11 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Ex31-21c | Tent Tablets | Whole Temple*11 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv18-03a | Egyptian-like | Sexually perverse*10 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
Lv18-03b | CanaaniteLike | Sexually perverse*10 | SYNECHDOCHE*1 | |
------- | ------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | |
Nu14-09b | Our Bread | Piece of cake(Easy) | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu10-31d | Our eyes | Gleam of our eye(Good) | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu14-11a | Till WHERE | Till WHEN*4 | Metonomy*2 | |
Lv18-09b | OUT BIRTH | OUT of WEDLOCK | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu11-20c | Out of nose | disgusted*12 | Metonomy*2 | |
Nu09-20b | Numbered days | Small number of days | Metonomy*2 | |
------- | ------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | |
Nu08-16b | SproutFromWomb | birth*13 | FFF-Form*3 | |
Nu20-22b | Mount Mountain | Mount on top of mountain | FFF-Form*3 | |
Nu04-14a | Frighteners | Coal rakers | FFF-Feeling*3 | |
Nu04-14c | Barren | Sweep cleam | FFF-Function*3 | |
-------- | Pentagon | Pentagon Institution | FFF-Form*3 | |
-------- | U.N. | U.N. Institution | FFF-Function*3 | |
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*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole by the part *2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something related *3 An example of naming by either - Form (eg Pentagon) - Function (e.g UN) - Feel (e.g. Hardship) We call this the FFF rule. *4 RULE ---- * ALeph nun hey = WHERE * UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN | ||||
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*10 Rashi: ----------------------------------------------- Since generally sexually-perverse acts are called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual perversity. ----------------------------------------------- Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to explain the reason for naming sexual perversity as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE. *11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated. Nu09-15c literally translated states ----------------------------- SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS ----------------------------- Ex31-21c literally translated states -------------------------------- The Sanctuary of Tablets -------------------------------- The following terms all refer to the Temple -------------------------------------------- * Sanctuary * Sanctuary of Tablets * Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets * Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting -------------------------------------------- While Rashi explains the details of some of these terms it seems reasonable to simply view them all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on the terms are presented below. Technically the literal Hebrew term is -------------------------------------- * Sanctuary of TESTIMONY -------------------------------------- However the TABLETS with the 10 COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY (See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have translated this phrase as the ------------------------------- * Sanctuary of Tablets ------------------------------- The temple is called the --------------------------------- * Sanctuary of Meeting --------------------------------- because God designates the Temple as a meeting place for Prophecy (Cf. Ex25-22) *12 The verse states ---------------------------- until it comes out of your nose and becomes strange ---------------------------- Rashi translates the whole item as meaning DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of NEW MEANINGS. *13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh --------------------------------------- * SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19 --------------------------------------- * SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10) * SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14) * SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16) --------------------------------------- We clearly have here a naming by FORM. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
9 | 050d | HAND-water = water that is THROWN; TO REMOVE MISSES = to CLEANSE | |
7 | 871z | MOUNT MOUNTAIN = double crested mountain(Mount on a mount) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu19-09b | GRAMMARr | HAND-WATER=water that is thrown | |
Nu19-09c | GRAMMARr | HAND-WATER=water that is thrown | |
Nu20-22b | METONYMY | MOUNT-MOUNTAIN-double crested mount | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#