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                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas
               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2006
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 30 Number 8
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                     Produced July 9, 2006
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HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu19-09b
RASHI: Nu19-09b Nu19-09c
Nu19-09b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04



SUCCINT SUMMARY:
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three
major GRAMMAR submethods:

(a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all
conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots.
Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes
to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality
(v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii)
mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning.
Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for
roots with weak letters.

(b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes
of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs
Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type  (interrogative, command)
(iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v)
paragraph / sentence development.

(c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with
(i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct
(iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms
(e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use
numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means
towards).

One grammar method that overlaps with word
meaning is the NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS method.
This method studies how words can change from
OBJECTS (noun) to ACTIVITIES (verbs) to ATTRIBUTES
(adjective).

Rashi uncovered three ways for nouns
to become verbs--
(a) to REMOVE the noun
(e.g. to DUST)

(b) to CREATE the noun
(e.g. to FLOWER)

(c) to USE the noun in the
traditional manner it is used
(e.g. to HAMMER)


EXAMPLE 1: To HAND=To THROW
----------------------------
All words denoting BODY ORGANS
can become words indicating the TRADITIONAL
MANNER of that ORGAN. For example
- to LEG=To scout/spy
- to HEART=to arouse desire
- to EAR=to listen and study carefully
- to HAND=to throw
- to KNEE=to BLESS=to facilitate movement (Rav Hirsch)
- to EYE = to study
- to NOSE = to get angry

EXAMPLE 2: To REMOVE MISSES=to cleanse
--------------------------------------
The original meaning of the Hebrew root
Cheth-Teth-Alpeh is TO MISS as in a marksmen
missing his mark. The VERB form of this means
TO REMOVE THE MISSES and means to CLEANSE. It
can be used to mean TO REMOVE SINS AND DOUBTS(those things
we missed).

LIST050d studies other words whose meaning
changes due to shift in grammatical function
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST050d
List of words with Grammatical function shift=Meaning shift
LIST050d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of words with Grammatical function shift=Meaning shift
NOUN-VERB VERB Means TYPE
SPRINGED Fully BLOSSOMED Create*18
ToCHILD*16 To RAISE/CREATE children Create
To TENT*12 Pitch many tents for flocks/shepards Create
To ARM Make someone ARMED*11 Create
To Plant Creation (planting) of plants Create
To record To Create a record Create
To milk To Create(bring forth) milk Create
To fire*1 To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) Create
To build To Create a building Create
To worm To produce/bring forth Worms*2 Create
To BORDER To make borders*3 Create
EMBROIDER Make embroidery*4 Create
MAKE GOOD FIX--take a bad item and MAKE IT GOOD Create*20
--------- ------------------------------------ -------
To Young Remove / cut the young grapes*9 Remove
To dust Removal of dust *5 Remove
To UpRoot To remove the roots(from the ground) Remove
To DeFrost To remove the frost Remove
To "miss" To remove one's missings (To cleanse) Remove*22
Blood*6 To remove the blood (ie to KILL) Remove
SLOPPIIZE To remove SLOPPINESS-MAKE FORMAL Remove*21
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To hammar Do Standard activity done with hammar Standard
To screw Do Standard activity done with screws Standard
To fan Do Standard activity done with a Fan Standard
To Dough Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 Standard
To Fly FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly Standard
To COAT To place coat on and tighten it*8 Standard
PACE PACE=speed of WALK=activity of FEET*14 Standard
PathPeople A Caravan=People on the Path*15 Standard
ToGOLDHand Standard use:Place Golden ringOnHand*17 Standard
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
to leg to scout/spy*23 Standard
to hand to throw*24 Standard
to ear to study, weigh options*25 Standard
to eye to study*26 Standard
to heart to arouse*27 Standard
to nose to lose ones temper*28 Standard
to knee to bless*29 Standard
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
ToBe Able ABILITY=STATE of TO BE ABLE STATE*10
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
ALL-ALL Exclusively all BLUE(WHOLLY BLUE)*19 Exclusive
COMMENTS
*1 eg To FIRE a furnace

*2 Ex16-20b

*3 Ex19-12a

*4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN
means make them embroidered

*5 Nu04-13b

*6 Lv17-04a

*7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean
to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb
can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are
- DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE
- TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising)
See LIST814a for more details

*8 Ex29-05a

*9 Lv19-10a

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Abstract State

*11 Nu31-03b

*13 Gn13-12a

*14 Rashi (Gn33-14d Gn33-14e) analyzes the word FOOTPACE
as follows
- FEET describe objects (NOUNS)
- WALKING is the STANDARD ACTIVITY of the FEET(Verb)
- PACE is the SPEED of walking(Adverbial
description of HOW FAST the walk is taking place).

Note: PACE itself is a noun but it functions
adverbially as describing how fast the walk is.

*15 Technically
- The Hebrew root Aleph-Resh-Ceth means PATH
- PATH is an OBJECT (Noun)
- When made into an ATTRIBUTE (Adjective)
- Aleph-Resh-Ceth means PATH-PEOPLE--a CARAVAN

*16 Gn50-23a

*17 Gn49-24c

*18 Ex09-31c

*19 Ex28-31b. The verse
---------------------------
Make the coat ALL-ALL blue
---------------------------
means

-------------------------------
make it EXCLUSIVELY/WHOLLY BLUE
-------------------------------

*20 Ex30-07a

*21 Lv08-15a (Note that the verb TO SLOPPIIZE is parallel
to the verb TO SANCTIFY. Both have a connotation
of a FORMAL atmosphere).

*22 The original meaning of the Hebrew root
Cheth-Teth-Alpeh is TO MISS as in a marksmen
missing his mark (Ju20-16) The VERB form of this means
TO REMOVE THE MISSES and means to CLEANSE. It
can be used to mean TO REMOVE SINS AND DOUBTS(those things
we missed).[Nu19-09c]

[Rashi brings a further comment
------------------------------------------
Another reason it is called Chatath
is because the Parah Adumah is prohibited
in benefit like sin offerings (Chatath)
------------------------------------------

However my opinion is that the fact that
the Red Heiffer is prohibited in benefit
can be derived from the GENERALIZATION principle
since all offerings not consumed are prohibited
in benefit. Thus the primary meaning of CHATATH is that
the RED HEIFFER removes DOUBTS (Are mental MISSES)

*23 Jo06-22

*24 Nu19-09b [The Red Heiffer ashes mixed with water
is called the HAND-WATER=THROWN-WATER since we
sprinkle=THROW it on impure people and they become
free of their doubts.)

*25 Ec12-09

*26 1S18-09

*27 So04-09

*28 P006-02

*29 [Rav Hirsch]
* The LEG's function is to MOVE
* The KNEE's function is to FACILITATE movement
You can walk without knees but it is a stilted
crooked motion.

Hence TO KNEE someone is to FACILITATE their movement
on their path in life.
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu20-22b
Nu20-22b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning.
Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM
occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not
directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words
of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS
since the words acquire new meanings.

In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)

METONOMY is closed related to SYNECHDOCHE which
refers to naming a whole class by an exemplary
member of the class or naming an object by a
distinguished part of that object.

A related principle is what I call the triple
FFF principle:naming by FORM,FUNCTION, or FEEL.
For example the PENTAGON is named
by its FORM while the UNITED NATIONS is named
by its FUNCTION. HARDship is named by its feel.
There are other rules---the GLASS is named by the
substance it is made out of.

EXAMPLE 1: Nu20-22b
-------------------
Nu20-22 states
----------------------------
Let Aaron go up to MOUNT MOUNTAIN
and there he will die
----------------------------

Rashi explains the capped idiomatic phrase
--------------------------------------------
MOUNT MOUNTAIN refers to a sort of double
mountain (A mountain on a mountain) That
is a mountain with a relatively flat area on
which a second level of the mountain emerges.
Like an apple on an apple.
--------------------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the principle of naming by FORM.

LIST871z presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871z
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE METONOMY METHOD USED
Lv02-11a HONEY SWEET*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv21-21c BREAD FOOD*1 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu08-02c Candellabrah Central Staff SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu09-15a Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex31-21c Tent Tablets Whole Temple*11 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03a Egyptian-like Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03b CanaaniteLike Sexually perverse*10 SYNECHDOCHE*1
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu14-09b Our Bread Piece of cake(Easy) Metonomy*2
Nu10-31d Our eyes Gleam of our eye(Good) Metonomy*2
Nu14-11a Till WHERE Till WHEN*4 Metonomy*2
Lv18-09b OUT BIRTH OUT of WEDLOCK Metonomy*2
Nu11-20c Out of nose disgusted*12 Metonomy*2
Nu09-20b Numbered days Small number of days Metonomy*2
------- ------------- ----------------------- ------------
Nu08-16b SproutFromWomb birth*13 FFF-Form*3
Nu20-22b Mount Mountain Mount on top of mountain FFF-Form*3
Nu04-14a Frighteners Coal rakers FFF-Feeling*3
Nu04-14c Barren Sweep cleam FFF-Function*3
-------- Pentagon Pentagon Institution FFF-Form*3
-------- U.N. U.N. Institution FFF-Function*3
COMMENTS
*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole
by the part

*2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something
related

*3 An example of naming by either
- Form (eg Pentagon)
- Function (e.g UN)
- Feel (e.g. Hardship)
We call this the FFF rule.

*4 RULE
----
* ALeph nun hey = WHERE
* UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi:
-----------------------------------------------
Since generally sexually-perverse acts are
called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer
that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual
perversity.
-----------------------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to
explain the reason for naming sexual perversity
as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE.

*11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated.
Nu09-15c literally translated states
-----------------------------
SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS
-----------------------------

Ex31-21c literally translated states
--------------------------------
The Sanctuary of Tablets
--------------------------------


The following terms all refer to the Temple
--------------------------------------------
* Sanctuary
* Sanctuary of Tablets
* Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets
* Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting
--------------------------------------------
While Rashi explains the details
of some of these terms it seems
reasonable to simply view them
all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on
the terms are presented below.

Technically the literal Hebrew term is
--------------------------------------
* Sanctuary of TESTIMONY
--------------------------------------

However the TABLETS with the 10
COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY
(See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have
translated this phrase as the
-------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Tablets
-------------------------------

The temple is called the
---------------------------------
* Sanctuary of Meeting
---------------------------------
because God designates the Temple
as a meeting place for Prophecy
(Cf. Ex25-22)

*12 The verse states
----------------------------
until it comes out of your nose
and becomes strange
----------------------------

Rashi translates the whole item as meaning
DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of
NEW MEANINGS.

*13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19
---------------------------------------
* SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10)
* SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14)
* SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16)
---------------------------------------
We clearly have here a naming by FORM.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
9 050d HAND-water = water that is THROWN; TO REMOVE MISSES = to CLEANSE
7 871z MOUNT MOUNTAIN = double crested mountain(Mount on a mount)
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Nu19-09b GRAMMARr HAND-WATER=water that is thrown
Nu19-09c GRAMMARr HAND-WATER=water that is thrown
Nu20-22b METONYMY MOUNT-MOUNTAIN-double crested mount
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2006, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#