Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) Dr. Russell Jay Hendel, 2006 Volume 31 Number 25 1st Published / Produced Dec 27, 2006 Individual Issue published Dec 30 2006 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Ex03-18c
RASHIS COVERED: Ex03-18c Ex10-26a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the use of OTHER VERSES to clarify existing verses. Rashi can use OTHER VERSES to a) provide more details b) justify citations and cross references and c) to infer meaning. We call this the RASHI METHOD of OTHER VERSES and the RASHI SUBMETHODS of FURTHER DETAILS, CITATIONS, and INFERRED MEANING. EXAMPLE 1: Ex03-18c ------------------------- The verse Ex03-18 states ---------------------------------- ...tell Pharoh that the God of the Jews ACCIDENTED himself on us ....and therefore we must go and offer sacrifices to him ---------------------------------- Rashi explains the CAPPED WORD, ACCIDENTED by CROSS REFERENCING another verse, Nu23-03 which states ---------------------------------- ...I will walk [after the sacrifices] perhaps God will ACCIDENT himself to me and give me a prophesy which I will tell you ---------------------------------- Hence the Rashi ------------------------------------ The Hebrew root Kuph-Resh-Hey which primarily means HAPPEN BY ACCIDENT can also mean PROPHECY since a PROPHETIC encounter is a sudden awareness thru fire like pain of other realities. Because prophecy is a sudden painful awareness it is called accident ------------------------------------ Rashi clarifies on Lv01-01 -------------------------------- Non Jewish prophecies which are SUDDEN and by FIRE are called ACCIDENT. However the senior Jewish prophets (like Moses) have non sudden prophecies --------------------------------- EXAMPLE 2: Ex10-26a ------------------- The Biblical root Pay Resh Samech can mean HOOF (as it does in Lv11-03). Hence Ex10-24a means ----------------------------------- We shall take our animals...NO HOOF WILL BE LEFT ----------------------------------- Here the phrase NO HOOF WILL BE LEFT means NO ANIMAL WILL BE LEFT. The technique of naming the WHOLE animal by a PART of the animal (the HOOF) is a literary technique known as SYNECHDOCHE. Similar examples exist in all languages...e.g. in English "Give me your HAND in marriage" really means "Give me your BODY in marriage." LIST250a below gives other examples of inferring meaning from OTHER VERSES. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | INFER MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #5 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST250a | |
List of verse pairs with | one verse shedding meaning on words |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verse pairs with one verse shedding meaning on words | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | MEANING | |
Ex10-26a | No PRS will be left | Lv11-03 | PRS=Hoof/animal*9 | |
Ex03-18c | God ACCIDENTED us | Nu23-03 | PROPHESY | |
Lv23-05b | a PASS-OVER to God | Ex12-11c | PassedOver Jews | |
Gn35-05a | The XTT of God | 2C17-10 | FEAR OF GOD | |
Dt29-25b | gods not APPORTIONED | Dt04-19 | ASSIGNED | |
Dt29-11b | PASS INTO TREATY | Jr34-18 | PASS THRU CUTS*8 | |
Dt25-06c | He STANDS dead brother | Ru04-01:06 | INHERITANCE*7 | |
Dt25-05b | He STANDS dead brother | Ru04-01:06 | INHERITANCE*7 | |
------- | --------------------- | ---------- | ------------- | |
Nu30-06a | If he RATTLES her vow | Nu30-09 | ANNUL*10 | |
Nu30-16a | after he HEARS vow | Nu30-08 | AFFIRMS vow | |
Ex12-05a | PERFECT | Lv22-21 | Not blemished | |
Gn15-10a | Hebrew BTR*6 | Jr34-18 | Cut-Split animal | |
Dt26-14c | GIFT TO THE DEAD | Gn48-29:30 | BURIAL*5 | |
Dt27-24a | HIT STEATHILY | Lv19-16 | SLANDER | |
Lv09-17b | beside the MORNING sac | Nu28-23 | DAILY MORNING SAC | |
Nu26-10a | BANNER fire on rebels | Nu17-03 | SYMBOL*3 | |
Dt01-19a | GREAT & AWESOME des | ert Dt08-15 | with snakes | |
Ex13-20a | SUCCOTH*1 | Nu33-05 | RMSYTH->SCCTH | |
Gn15-09 | CALF | Lv09-07d | 1 year old | |
Ex21-17b | HIS BLOOD ON HIM | Lv20-27 | StoneTo Death | |
Ex14-24b | CONFUSION attacks | 1S07-10 | by NOISE | |
Ex30-13e | GAYRAH | 1S02-36 | CURRENCY UNIT | |
Ex30-18d | Washpan near ALTAR | Ex40-27:29 | COPPER ALTAR | |
Nu01-02a | Count Jews by FAMILY | Nu01 | Count by TRIBE | |
Nu01-02c | Count Jews by HEADS | Ex38-26*2 | COIN per HEAD | |
------- | ------------------- | -------- | ------------ | |
Ex29-42a | CONTINUAL offering | Ex29-39 | Twice a day*4 | |
Ex27-20 | CONTINUOUS burning | Ex27-21a | all night*4 | |
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*1 Ex13-20 Jews journeyed from Succoth after Exodus Ex12-27 Exodus: Jews go from Raamsayth to Succoth Nu33-05 Exodus, Then Raamsayth, THen Succoth The point is that Nu33-05 makes it clear that there were 3 places - Exodus FROM Egypt - TO Raamsayth - TO Succoth. Ex13-20 only mentions 2 of the places Ex12-27 makes it sound like they left EGYPT, ie they left RAAMSAYTH. It is in fact common for places to have multiple names. So Nu33-05 illumines that there were 3 distinct places *2 Also see Ex30-11:16 which prohibits DIRECTLY counting people. Instead, we must count the COINS of each person and from this infer the total count. *3 Nu17-05 further illumines by calling it a MEMORIAL Thus we have SYMBOL MEMORIAL BANNER. Since NAYS means BANNER it refers to anything that ATTRACTS attention such as SYMBOLS or MIRACLES *4 In this example the Hebrew word TaMid can mean either CONTINUAL or CONTINUOUS depending on context. *5 Rashi extends the meaning of GIFT TO THE DEAD to all BURIAL RELATED MATTERS such as provision of shrouds and the coffin *6 Rashi notes that Gn15-17 speaks about --------------------------------------------------- The FIRE PILLAR that TRANSITED thru the cut animals --------------------------------------------------- Since FIRE is symbolic of PROPHETIC ENCOUNTER we infer that GOD symbolically TRANSITED the cut animals to affirm the CONVENANT He made with Abraham *7 In the case of sale of estate the inheritance "leaves the family." To STAND the inheritance is to INHERIT the property so that the property STANDS (that is, remains) in the family. [In passing Rashi seems to derive certain laws from the word TOGETHER...when brothers live TOGETHER...however I believe that all the derivations come from the nuances of STAND) *8 Jr34-18 speaks about treaty makers ---------------------------------------- CUTTING AN ANIMAL AND PASSING THRU THE CUTS ---------------------------------------- Rashi explains that those who wished to make a treaty would - cut an animal in half - place the two halves down - the two parties to the treaty would - walk inbetween the two halves - [and then eat the animal to cement the treaty] Hence the IDIOM: PASS INTO TREATY. *9 This Rashi has two stages - The root Pay Resh Samech means HOOF (Cf Lv11-03) - The phrase NOT A HOOF WILL BE LEFT means NO AMINAL WILL BE LEFT. Here the word HOOF means ANIMAL. That is the WHOLE ANIMAL is named by a PART OF THE ANIMAL. This is similar to the English idiom "GIVE ME YOUR HAND IN MARRIAGE" which really means "GIVE ME YOUR WHOLE BODY IN MARRIAGE." The naming of the WHOLE by the PART--the BODY by the HAND or the BODY by the HOOF--is a literary technique known as SYNECHDOCHE. | ||||
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*10 Rashi also on this verse cites 5-6 verses to show that the Hebrew root Nun-Vuv-Aleph means to RATTLE However the phrase RATTLE THE VOW still needs clarification which is done by comparing it to Nu30-09--RATTLE VOW and ANNUL it. Since the major part of the derivation is from the OTHER VERSE we omit this supplemental list of verses. |
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VERSE: Ex02-10a
RASHIS COVERED: Ex02-10a Ex05-06a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the WORD MEANING method. ---------------------------------------------- Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the similarity and nuances in each term. ---------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE 1: Ex02-10a ---------------------------- The Hebrew roots - Yud Tzade Aleph means TO TAKE OUT - Mem shin Hey means TO TAKE OUT OF WATER These SYNONYMS mean the same thing but are used in DIFFERNT CONTEXTS. Similar SYNONYMS (differing only by usage and context) occur frequently in language (For example FLOCK of sheep vs SCHOOL of fish vs SWARM of bees--all 3 words, FLOCK,SCHOOL, SWARM means GROUP). EXAMPLE 2: Ex05-06a ------------------- Verse Ex05-06a states -------------------------------- On that day Pharoh commanded the POLICE CAPTAINS and POLICE OFFICERS as follows....do not... -------------------------------- The distinction between a POLICE CAPTAIN vs OFFICER is well known in all languages and need not be further explored. LIST955y presents other Rashis commenting on SYNONYMS | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955y | |
List of | Synonym pairs |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Synonym pairs LIST955y continues LIST955z LIST955z continues LIST955a | ||||
VERSE | WORD | BASIC IDEA | NUANCES | |
Ex05-06a | $-@-R | Police | Police OFFICER | |
Ex05-06a | N-G-$ | Captain | Police CAPTAIN | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Ex02-10a | M-$-& | Take out | take out of WATER | |
- - - - | I-C-A | Take out | take out GENERALLY | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Gn19-14a | GROOM | son-in-law | son-in-law | |
Gn19-14b | TAKER | son-in-law | engaged*6 | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt25-19a | ERASE | CONQUER | Complete destruction*3 | |
Dt20-20 | SUBDUE | CONQUER | Conquer*4 | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt24-10 | &-B-@ | COLLATERAL | Collateral at TIME OF LOAN | |
Dt24-17b | STRING | COLLATERAL | ADD STRINGS (after loan)*5 | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt04-20a | KWR | POT | CALDRON POT(refines metals) | |
- - - - | POT | POT | Ordinary pot | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt16-20 | C-D-Q | Just | Justice--judicial procedure | |
Dt06-18a | @WBI$R | Just | Court Compromise | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Dt01-13e | Y-D-& | KNOWN | Familiar / Familiarity | |
- - - - | - - - | KNOWN | Knowledge | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Nu15-39b | TTWRW | Go after | EXPLORE fantasys (as in Eng) | |
- - - - | H-L-K | go after | FOLLOW one's desires | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv16-16b | X-@-A | SIN | Error-inadvertent | |
Lv16-16b | P-$-& | SIN | Rebellion | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Ex29-26a | N-W-P | OSCILLATE | waive to/fro-HORIZONTALLY*2 | |
Ex29-27b | R-W-M | OSCILLATE | oscillate up/down-VERTICALLY | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv07-32a | $-W-Q | Leg | CALF (MIDDLE part of leg) | |
- - - - | I-R-K | Leg | THIGH(Upper part of leg) | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv05-15d | $-H | SHEEP*1 | Young sheep (newborn or 1 yr) | |
Lv05-15d | AIL | RAM*1 | Rams (2 or more years) | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv01-17c | $-S-& | CUT | RIP | |
- - - - | K-R-T | CUT | CUT | |
-------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- | |
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*1 Rashi does not indicate how he knows that the cutoff point for ram vs sheep is 2 years. - Perhaps this is general knowledge which shepards know (That maturation takes places at two) - Supportive verses show that a one year old is still considered a sheep (Eg Ex12-05) *2 Also Lv07-34a See LIST955p for an analysis of verses with WAIVE vs OSCILLATE *3 Cf. 1S15-03 where the explicit order to totally exterminate Amalayk was given *4 There are many words for conquer: CONQUEST, SUBDUE, SMITE, WAR, etc. Our point here is to emphasize that ERASE means REMOVE ALL MEMORY. *5 Cf. The English metaphor "No strings attached." *6 The idea that TAKER OF WOMAN=ENGAGED while GROOMS=ALREADY MARRIED fits into the following verses, Gn20-02:04 -------------------------------------------------- And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister; and Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and became ENGAGED to [litrally: TOOK] Sarah. But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, Behold, you are but a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is a man’s wife. But Abimelech had not CONSUMATED the marriage; and he protested, .... ---------------------------------------------------- |
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VERSE: Ex02-15d
RASHIS COVERED: Ex02-15d Ex02-03b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING. Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE. The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru different means. For example a modern author might hilight distinct items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS. We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS (Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE (without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS.) EXAMPLE 1: Ex02-15d -------------------- Verse Ex02-15 states ----------------------------------- ....Moses fled from Pharoh.... - he DWELT in Midyan - he DWELT by the wells ----------------------------------- The REPEATED KEYWORD, dwelt creates a BULLET LIKE effect. The Author is in effect EMPHASIZING twop points. The EMPHASIS is non-specific. Rashi explains ------------------------------------------------- - He DWELT in Midyan to escape Egyptian execution - He DWELT by the WELLS to be able to go out with women (For thus we find that Saul and Jacob met women by the wells Gn29) ------------------------------------------------- LIST120w below summarizes this argument EXAMPLE 2: Ex02-03b ------------------- Verse Ex02-03b states ------------------------------- She could no longer hide the infant so she built him a reed float basket and covered it with - WITH CLAY [Rashi: inside covering] - WITH TAR [Rashi: outside covering] -------------------------------- Note the repeating KEYWORD, WITH. Rashi interprets this as creating a BULLET LIKE EFFECT. There is emphasis of TWO COVERINGS. This emphasis is NON SPECIFIC. Rashi interprets it in a reasonable way - CLAY was used for the INSIDE covering - TAR was used for the OUTSIDE covering. Rashi explains that he made this choice (inside/outside) because -------------------------------------------- Tar has a bad smell and would upset the baby -------------------------------------------- LIST120x below summarizes this argument | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | KEYWORDS AS BULLETS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST120w | |
BULLETED structure of | Ex03-15d Dwelt in a)Midyan and b) by Well | |
--------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST120x | |
BULLETED structure of | Ex02-03b Covr with CLAY[inside],TAR[Outsi |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
BULLETED structure of Ex02-03b Covr with CLAY[outside],TAR[Inside] | ||||
VERSE TEXT | BULLET | ITEM | BULLET EMPHASIS (Rashi) | |
She covered basket | ||||
WITH | CLAY | [Rashi: inside covering] | ||
WITH | TAR | [Rashi: outside covering] | ||
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*1 Note the repeating KEYWORD, WITH. Rashi interprets this as creating a BULLET LIKE EFFECT. There is emphasis of TWO COVERINGS. This emphasis is NON SPECIFIC. Rashi interprets it in a reasonable way - CLAY was used for the INSIDE covering - TAR was used for the OUTSIDE covering. Rashi explains that he made this choice (inside/outside) because -------------------------------------------- Tar has a bad smell and would upset the baby -------------------------------------------- |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
BULLETED structure of Ex03-15d Dwelt in a)Midyan and b) by Wells | ||||
TEXT OF VERSE | BULLET | BULLET ITEM | BULLET Emphasis | |
...Moses fled from Pharoh | ||||
he DWELT | in Midyan | Escape Pharoh | ||
he DWELT | by the wells | Meet Girls*1 | ||
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*1 Both Jacob (Gn29) and Saul met girls by wells |
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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
5 | 250a | (Ex03-18) God ACCIDENTED us means God gave us a PROPHECY-Nu23-03 | |
5 | 250a | (Ex10-26) Pay-Resh-Samech = HOOF (Lv11-03) | |
26 | 120w | Moses dwelt in a)Midyan [Asylum], b)Well [to meet girls] | |
26 | 120x | Cover basket with a)Tar [outside] b) Clay [Inside] | |
7 | 955y | M$H=take out of water;ICA=take out | |
7 | 955y | $@R=police officer; NG$=police captain | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Ex03-18c | OTHER VERSES | God ACCIDENTED US=gave PROPHESY | |
Ex10-26a | OTHER VERSES | God ACCIDENTED US=gave PROPHESY | |
Ex02-10a | SYNONYMS | NGS=Police Captain;STR=Officer | |
Ex05-06a | SYNONYMS | NGS=Police Captain;STR=Officer | |
Ex02-15d | BULLETS | Covered basket with a)clay b)tar | |
Ex02-03b | BULLETS | Covered basket with a)clay b)tar | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
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