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(C) Dr Russell Jay Hendel, 2000
Volume 5 Number 19
Produced Mar, 24 2000
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
Verses/Topics Discussed in This Issue with quicky explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------
v6-3-20
question on the use of KI. The posting v3b2-6 shows that
there are many interesting verses in the bible which
have an elliptical KI present. This posting shows how to
analyze such verses and the issues that come up.
v3b2-6
Many verses have EXTRA SENTENCES These extra verses
teach general information. Thus a)3-6-2 is translated
as "This is the laws of the OLAH: IF IT REALLY IS A
VALID OLAH then let it burn all night" Other verses with
THIS IS A ... are treated similarly
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
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NOTATION: eg v2b1-8 refers to Ex(Book 2) Chap 1 Verse 8 Rashi b(#2)
SPECIALS:...on Rambam,Ramban,Symbolism,Pedagogy,Daily Questions
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VERSE: v6-3-20
======
This issue came from a discussion/question of a doctoral student
who is writing his doctoral thesis on the use of certain connectives
like KI.
Throughout this list I have emphasized that CD ROMS and even
KONKORDANCES are frequently inadequate to do proper research.
The interesting attribute about the "KI"s in this posting is
that they are all elliptical (not there). There are obvious
problems with do a search for the word KI when it is not there!
Nevertheless these verses represent legitimate uses of the word
KI and must be included in any thorough study
On a more nostalgic note---my email discussions with this doctoral
student reminded me of my own College days when I use to learn
the Sifrah with Malbim with a friend. Many of the novelty in this
posting were formulated during that period
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v3b2-6
======
[Moderator: WARNING--I have used alot of poetic liscence
in the translations of both these verses and
the Rashis. My usage of this poetic liscence will be
discussed afterwards--words not in the original Biblical
text are placed in brackets []]
v3b2-6 ...and pour on it oil [because] it is a Minchah
v3b4-24 ...& he shall slaughter it..
[so as to make] it is a sin offering
v3b5-9 .& he'll sprinkle the blood..
[so as to make] it is a sin offering
v3b5-12 ..& he'll take a handful & offer it
[so as to make] it is a sin offering
v3c6-2 ...this is the OLAH Law
[provided] it is [really] an OLAH;
[then] you let it lie on the wood
on the altar the whole night...
v3b13-37 if black hair sprouted in the Leprous spot
then it is cured
[and therefore] it is pure
[and then] the priest may purify it
v3-18-15Don't uncover the nakedness of your daughter in law;
[IF] she is the wife of your son
Do not uncover her nakedness
RASHI TEXT:
===========
v3b2-6 '..and pour on it oil [because] it is a Minchah'
From this phrase we infer that the
>pouring of oil
is the essence and essential to any Minchah and
done by all Minchahs.
But if the essence of Minchah requires pouring oil
perhaps then we should pour oil on the 2 types
of Minchahs (the so called OVEN Minchas)
mentioned in 3-2-4. To contradict this suggestion
the above phrase
>pour oil because it is a Minchah
is mentioned in 3-2-6 but not in 3-2-4.
[Moderator: There are further details in Rashi--we
appear to have deviated from a literal translation
of Rashi but will give further details below]
v3b4-24 '...& he shall slaughter it..
[so as to make] it is a sin offering'
From the extra phrase
>slaughter it...[so as to make]it is a sin offering
we learn that it is essential for the offerer to
have in mind that he is doing the sacrifice procedures for
the purpose of atoning for his sin (It he just went
thru the ritual but did not have the proper intention
then the sacrifice is invalid)
v3b5-9 '.& he'll sprinkle the blood..
[so as to make] it is a sin offering'
From the extra phrase
>sprinkle it...[so as to make]it is a sin offering
we learn that it is essential for the offerer to
have in mind that he is doing the sacrifice procedures for
the purpose of atoning for his sin (It he just went
thru the ritual but did not have the proper intention
then the sacrifice is invalid)
v3b5-12 '..& he'll take a handful & offer it
[so as to make] it is a sin offering'
From the extra phrase
>offer it...[so as to make]it is a sin offering
we learn that it is essential for the offerer to
have in mind that he is doing the sacrifice procedures for
the purpose of atoning for his sin (It he just went
thru the ritual but did not have the proper intention
then the sacrifice is invalid)
v3c6-2 '...this is the OLAH Law
[provided] it is [really] an OLAH [then]
you let it lie on the wood on the altar the whole night...'
From the phrase
>provided it is really an OLAH
we infer that you only let the sacrifice pieces burn on the
altar if it was a valid OLAH. (By contrast, if the OLAH
had been offered from an animal that say had slept with
humans (such animals were unfit for the altar) then such
an OLAH, even if they began to offer it must not be allowed
to remain. (But if the OLAH was valid and then an invalidity
happened(eg its blood got mixed up with some other sacrifice
then despite the mixup, since it initially was a valid OLAH,
we allow the pieces to remain)
v3b13-37 'if black hair sprouted in the Leprous spot
then it is cured
[and therefore] it is pure
[and then] the priest may purify it'
As is clear from the sequence of phrases
>black hair sprouted
>the leprous spot is cured
>therefore the spot is pure
>
>the priest may purify it
from this sequence of phrases we infer that
the purification ceremony done by the priest
only works if the leprous spot already has
the symptoms of purity---(if the priest
performed the purification ceremony on an
impure person then the ceremony would not
be effective]
v3-18-15
'Do not uncover the nakedness of your daughter in law
[If] she is [really] the wife of your son
Do not uncover her nakedness'
From the additional phrase
>[If] she is [really]the wife of your son
we infer that only incest with an actual daugher-in-law
is prohibited---however relations with eg the rape victim
of one's son is not covered by this verse.
BRIEF BUT COMPLETE NARRATIVE EXPLANATION:
=========================================
There seems to be much confusion on the Rashis above. There are many
possible explanations offered. We will first offer what we consider
to be a simple straightforward explanation. A discussion of the
alternative points of view will be given afterwards. We will present
this in 5 steps.
The explanations of these Rashis may become a bit more technical
then some of the other Rashis we have been doing in previous
issues. We will therefore try and do the exposition slowly.
#1) Inferences should be drawn from EXTRA SENTENCES vs EXTRA WORDS
------------------------------------------------------------------
Every sacrifice is DESCRIBED as a LIST of activities---typically
* LEANING on the sacrifice
* SLAUGHTER of the animal
* BRINGING blood to altar
* PLACING/SPRINKLING/THROWING blood to altar
* OFFERING ORGANS on the Altar Fire
This same template is used in the description of many sacrifices.
If now the template is occasionally broken in certain sacrifices
by the insertion of WHOLE sentences like
>THIS IS A SIN OFFERING
>THIS IS AN OLAH OFFERING
then we must assume that the extra sentence means something.Here
is a simple example (reproduced in {LIST1} below)
SIN OFFERING OF THE KING PEACE OFFERING
-------------------------------------- --------------------------
PROCEDURE VERSE EXTRA SENTENCE PROCEDURE VERSE EXTRA
============== ===== ============== ========= ====== =====
LEAN on animal 3-4-24 LEAN 3-3-2
SLAUGHTER*1 3-4-24 A sin offering SLAUGHTER 3-3-2
PLACE blood 3-4-25 THROW BLOOD 3-3-2
OFFER 3-4-26 OFFER 3-3-3
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 It says (in 3-4-24)
>IT IS A SIN OFFERING
By contrast in 3-3 it does NOT say
>IT IS A PEACE OFFERING
Thus the extra sentence stands out
We will repeatedly use this principle of EXTRA SENTENCES below
#2) Very often CONNECTIVES are elliptical (missing in verses)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Compare the following list of verses from 3-18 ({LIST2})
DOES VERSE
HAVE WORD
VERSE TEXT BECAUSE? REASON
===== ==== ======= ======
3-18-13 No incest with aunt BECAUSE She is..relative
3-18-14 No incest with uncle she is aunt
3-18-15 ...with daughter in law she is daughter in..
3-18-16 ...with sister in law she is sister in...
3-18-17 mother and daughter it is incest
Notice how ONLY one verse EXPLICITLY has the word
>BECAUSE
while the other verses do NOT EXPLICITLY have the word BECAUSE
Nevertheless we have the right to interpret these other verses
as
>ELLIPTICALLY HAVING THE WORD "BECAUSE"
In other words we would eg read 3-18-14
>do not have incest with your uncle [BECAUSE]she is your aunt
We follow the standard convention of placing elliptical words in
brackets ([because]).
We will repeatedly use ELLIPSIS (Missing connectives) between
sentences below. Recall that the Hebrew word KI can mean EITHER
>BECAUSE (eg 1-41-49)
>EXCEPT (eg 1a31-16,1-18-15)
>RATHER (eg 1-19-2)
>THAT (eg 1-43-7,1-49-10)
>IF (eg 2-34-9)
>PERHAPS (eg 1-27-36,1-29-15)
Many of these meanings are listed in standard Biblical dictionaries.
We have reviewed all these meanings in Volume 4 Number 1, v1b41-49
The verses involved are reviewed in {LIST4} and {LIST5}
#3) Interpreting the extra sentences
-------------------------------------
Using the above 2 principles we would interpret the extra sentences
as follows
>let him slaughter the animal [FOR THE SAKE OF] a sin offering
>let him sprinkle the blood [FOR THE SAKE OF] a sin offering
In other words by using the proper elliptical connective we
interpret the verse as saying that
>the procedures of the offering have to be done
>with the INTENTION of doing them as a sin offering
Such an approach makes sense---the PHYSICAL ACTS of the sin offering
do not atone---rather the INTENTION behind these acts atone.
Our use of the elliptical word
>[FOR THE SAKE OF] a sin offering
could elliptically come from the Hebrew word KI which can denote
>BECAUSE
Thus the whole sentence would LITERALLY read
>Slaughter the animal in north
>BECAUSE THIS IS A SIN OFFERING(and this is the way of
>sin offerings)
In other words we perceive the extra sentence as parenthetically
telling us something general about all sin offerings. This
is a normal stylistic procedure. (Note how our inference comes
from the whole sentence not from individual words)
#4) v3b2-6
-----------
To properly understand v3b2-6 we must LIST all 5 Minchah(see {LIST3}
TYPE VERSES
OF WHERE
MINCHAH USED FLOUR OIL FRANKINCENSE OIL EXTRA SENTENCE
=========== ======= ===== ======= ============ ==== ==============
Standard 3-2-1:3 Flour Pour Frankincense
Oven-loaf 3-2-4 Flour Mixed
Over-Matzoh 3-2-4 Smeared
Pan 3-2-5 Flour Mixed Pour It is a Minchah
Pot 3-2-6 In
Now everything becomes crystal clear
Notice how we have two extra sentences by the PAN MINCHAH
>MIXED OIL and POUR OIL
>IT IS A MINCHAH
So Rashi is simple and reads the verse
>If you make a PAN minchah then
>it will be flour mixed with oil
>
>[Furthermore] Pour oil on it
>[because] [this is the way] of all Minchahs
In other words the extra two sentences teach us that all Minchahs
must have a pouring of oil.
But reviewing {LIST3} we see that these extra 2 sentences could
have been said at any of the 5 minchahs
>STANDARD (Pour oil)
>OVEN-LOAF (mix oil)
>OVER-MATZOH (smear oil)
>PAN (Mix oil; Pour oil because it is a minchah)
>POT (in oil)
The fact that the Torah
>WAITED TILL THE pan MINCHAH
to bring down the two double sentences
>POUR OIL BECAUSE IT IS A MINCHAH
shows a
>DELIBERATE AVOIDANCE of stating this by the OVEN minchahs.
From this
>DELIBERATE AVOIDANCE
we infer that
>POURING OIL
is done
>at ALL Mincahs EXCEPT the OVER-LOAF and OVEN-MATZOH minchah.
In conclusion Rashi learns what he does because
>of the explicit extra sentences(always pour oil)and
>because of the POSITION of this sentence in the chapter
(so earlier minchahs do not have pouring)
#5a) Understanding other verses with EXTRA SENTENCE+ELLIPSIS
-----------------------------------------------------------
The simplest way to understand v3b13-37 is by using the
two principles we mentioned above
>FOCUS ON EXTRA SENTENCES not EXTRA WORDS
>USE ELLIPSIS
So we translate v3b13-37
>if black hair sprouted in the Leprous spot
>then it is cured
>[and therefore] it is pure
>
>[and now] the priest may purify it
So Rashi is Simple--the purification ceremony of the priest
is only effective after the other 3 activities (=3 sentences)
>black hair sprouts
>curing
>pure from leprous signs
have been fulfilled. But eg if there is no black hair AND
there are leprous signs then no purification ceremony will
purify the person
#5b) v3c6-2
-----------
We would translate as follows
>This is the LAWS of the OLAH
>[Provided] it is [really] an OLAH;
>[then] you let it lie on the wood on the altar all night
The sentence
>Provided it is really an OLAH
delimits the case eg where they slaughtered an animal that
should not be brought as an offering (like an animal with a sexual
sin)---in such a case the animal is not really [FiT TO BE] an OLA
So you cannot let it lie on the wood on the altar all night
In terms of the literal meaning of the word KI we could use the
meaning IF
>This is the LAWS of the OLAH:
>[IF] it is an olah [then]let it stay on the altar all night
#5c) v3-18-15
-------------
We would translate
>DON'T UNCOVER THE NAKEDNESS OF YOUR DAUGHTER IN LAW;
>[IF] she is [really] the wife of your son
>DON'T UNCOVER HER NAKEDNESS
In other words if she is the WIFE of your son it is prohibited
But if she is some similar relation---rape victim, maid-affair..
then there is no prohibition.
In assessing the above interpretation review {LIST6} which shows
that 3-18-15 is the only verse which has a 3-part form
>Don't uncover;
>IF she is really the wife
>do not uncover
Most of the other verses just have a 2-part form
>Don't uncover the nakedness of your fathers sister
>[BECAUSE] it is your fathers relative
In conclusion a variety of rashis can be understood by
>seeing extra verses as indicating general statements
>& skillfully using elliptical connectives like
>KI=IF, BECAUSE,
COMMENTS ON RASHI'S FORM:
=========================
We make two comments
#1) The importance of using EXTRA SENTENCES vs EXTRA WORDS
----------------------------------------------------------
The
>EXTRA WORD approach
to Rashi is very popular. You take a sentence apart and
show how it COULD have been shorter. Hence the extra words
are to teach something.
Throughout this email list however we have emphasized the
>EXTRA SENTENCE APPROACH
If the Bible gives a whole EXTRA SENTENCE then you are justified
in making inferences. Extra words only justify making inferences
when there are whole lists showing this extra word as peculiar.
#2) My Approach vs Rashi's approach
-----------------------------------
BOTH Rashi and I agree on the laws derived from the text.
However Rashi, following the Sifrah appears to learn each
law from a separate word while I, as indicated above,learn
the laws from extra sentences.
All I can say is that a derivation from extra words
cannot be justified by LISTS. Furthermore the derivation
I presented above from sentences yields all laws in a simpler
way. Therefore I interpret the Rashis and Sifrah's use of
words by
>letting each WORD in Rashi stand for the
>PHRASE containing that word or
>the POSITION of the phrase containing the word
Here is how I would interpret the Rashi on v3b2-6
RASHI ME
============================= ===================================
It says [the extra word ] It says [the extra sentences]
POUR ON IT OIL
MINCHAH [Because] IT IS A MINCHAH
From this extraness I learn From this extraness I learn
that all Minchahs that all Minchahs
must have OIL-POURING must have OIL POURING
Does this MINCHAH=OIL POURING Does this MINCHAH=OIL POURING
also apply to the OVEN Minchahs also apply to the OVEN Minchahs
But it says and you shall But it says [the phrase]&you shall
POUR ON IT POUR ON IT
[Only here at the 4th-PAN Minchahs
It does not state it earlier]
Hence I learn Hence I learn
[From the extra word] [From the position of phrases]
that the pouring is not that the pouring is not
done on OVEN Minchahs. done on OVEN MINCHAHS
But maybe it is only not But maybe it is only not
done on OVEN-LOAF Minchahs done on OVEN-LOAF Minchahs
but it is done on OVEN-MATZOH but it is done on OVEN-MATZOH
Minchahs (which have smearing Minchahs(which have smearing
of oil which resembles pouring of oil which resembles pouring
Hence it says Hence it says
IT IS A MINCHAH IT IS A MINCHAH
[From the extra word] I infer [From the extra sentence] I infer
IT(Pan minchahs) has pouring POUR=MINCHAH applies to Pan minchahs
but not to the OVEN MATZOH but not to the OVEN MATZOH
As can be seen my reading of Rashi is not that much different
than the traditional reading of Rashi--but instead of
emphasizing
>WORDS
I have emphasized
>SENTENCES and POSITIONS IN PARAGRAPHS
Also note that the assertion that the IT in
>pour on IT oil
teaches something canNOT be backed by lists (The preposition
ON IT is not aberrant).
Finally the numerous Rashis and Sifrahs on
>IT IS A SIN OFFERING
>SIN OFFERING implies every sin offering has this
>IT implies that the laws don't apply when improper
intention happened
is preferably interpreted not as a 2-step (IT + SIN OFFERING)
midrash but rather as a ONE SENTENCE midrash
>do such and such [BECAUSE]IT IS A SIN OFFERING
(and this is the nature of sin offerings)
So the verse explicitly states that the procedures have to be
done BECAuSE (=for the sake of) their being a sin offering (and
hence if I did not have that intention I have not fulfilled
my obligation).
In summary I think the EXTRA SENTENCE Approach to Rashi is best
and I think that the Rashis and Sifrahs can be so interpreted.
LISTS {For ADVANCED students and for those with more time}:
===========================================================
{LIST1} {A comparison of the
>PROCEDURE LIST (ie list of VERBS)
in 3-3(Peace offering) versus 3-4 (Sin offering)
This list could be extended for about a dozen sacrifices
mentioned in 3-1:8. Notice how the
>EXTRA SENTENCE
stands out by the SIN OFFERING
>Slaughter it BECAUSE IT IS A SIN OFFERING
Note that this structural analysis is CONTENT BASED
and could therefore not be done with a CD ROM}
SIN OFFERING OF THE KING PEACE OFFERING
-------------------------------------- --------------------------
PROCEDURE VERSE EXTRA SENTENCE PROCEDURE VERSE EXTRA
============== ===== ============== ========= ====== =====
LEAN on animal 3-4-24 LEAN 3-3-2
SLAUGHTER*1 3-4-24 A sin offering SLAUGHTER 3-3-2
PLACE blood 3-4-25 THROW BLOOD 3-3-2
OFFER 3-4-26 OFFER 3-3-3
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 It says (in 3-4-24)
>IT IS A SIN OFFERING
By contrast in 3-3 it does NOT say
>IT IS A PEACE OFFERING
Thus the extra sentence stands out
{LIST2} {A comparison of sentence structure in 3-18 shows that
the word BECAUSE (KI) only explicitly occurs in one
verse. Clearly however by comparing the parallel
structure we must regard this word as elliptically
present in the other verses as well. *1}
DOES VERSE
HAVE WORD
VERSE TEXT BECAUSE REASON
===== ==== ======= ======
3-18-13 No incest with aunt BECAUSE She is..relative
3-18-14 No incest with uncle she is aunt
3-18-15 ...with daughter in law she is daughter in..
3-18-16 ...with sister in law she is sister in...
3-18-17 mother and daughter it is incest
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 Technically we are using one of Rabbi Ishmael's rules
>A text(3-18-13) that leaves a general class(3-18-13:17)
>does not leave as an EXCEPTION but rather leaves
>to shed light on the whole class.
In other words from the explicit statemet of
>BECAUSE in 3-18-13
I infer that the parallel 3-18-14 and all other verses
also have elliptical KIs.
{LIST3} {Structural analysis of the 5 types of Minchahs in 3-2
Each Minchah is analyzed for the presence of the
requirements of FLOUR, OIL and FRANKINCENSE}
TYPE VERSES
OF WHERE
MINCHAH USED FLOUR OIL FRANKINCENSE OIL EXTRA SENTENCE
=========== ======= ===== ======= ============ ==== ==============
Standard 3-2-1:3 Flour Pour Frankincense
Oven-loaf 3-2-4 Flour Mixed
Over-Matzoh 3-2-4 Smeared
Pan 3-2-5 Flour Mixed Pour It is a Minchah
Pot 3-2-6 In
{LIST4} {Meanings of KI. Chazal say there are 4 meanings but Rashi
shows at least 6 {LIST2} We suggest that the unified
meaning is ANY SUBORDINATE relationship like
CAUSALITY, CONSEQUENCE, EXCEPTION}
VERSE TEXT MEANING
======= =================================================== =======
1b41-49 ..he stopped counting BECAUSE there was no number BECAUSE
1-18-15 She denied laughing BECAUSE she was afraid BECAUSE
1a31-16 He ate our possessions EXCEPT for what God saved EXCEPT
1-18-15 ..And he said No! RATHER you laughed RATHER
1d19-2 And they said, No!RATHER we will stay on the street RATHER
1d43-7 Did we know THAT he would ask us to bring him THAT
1-24-33 I will not eat until the time THAT I speak *1 THAT
1a24-19 I'll water your animals until THAT time they stop*1 THAT
2a34-9 IF the Jews are stiff-necked, then forgive them IF
1a27-36 Did you call him JACOB to double cross me *2 QUESTION
1a29-15 Is being a relative an excuse to charge you nothing QUESTION
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 These two verses use the Hebrew word IM rather than KI
*2 Jacob comes from the Hebrew root to DOUBLE CROSS
{LIST5} {Meanings of KI. See {LIST4} for further examples. Note
that there are more than the traditional 4 meanings
that Chazal claim}
MEANING VERSE TEXT
======= ======= ===================================================
BECAUSE 1-18-15 She denied laughing BECAUSE she was afraid
EXCEPT 1a31-16 He ate our possessions EXCEPT what God left us
RATHER 1-18-15 And they said, No! Rather we'll stay on street *1
IF 2a34-9 IF the Jews are stiff necked then forgive them
THAT 1d43-7 Did we know THAT he would ask us to bring him *2
QUESTION 1a29-15 Is being a relative an excuse to charge you nothing
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 RATHER & EXCEPT can be perceived as similar concepts
*2 IF and THAT are similar (in Hebrew) but not in English
{LIST6}{Comparison of structure of verses in 3-18-6:17.
Note that the prohibition of daughter-in-law
incest has THREE clauses while the other verses
have TWO clauses}
DON'T ONCOVER BECAUSE FURTHER CLAUSE
====================== ======================= ===============
Daughter;granddaughter it is your nakedness
sister of father it is father-relative
sister of mother it is a mother-relative
daughter-in-law it is wife of son Don't uncover*1
wife of brother it is your brother
FOOTNOTES
---------
*1 Because this sentence has 3 clauses we interpret the elliptical
KI to mean IF not BECAUSE. Thus we translate
>Don't uncover the nakedness of your daughter in law.
>[IF] she is [really] your son's wife don't uncover it
(Hence the prohibition does not apply your son's rape victim)
CROSS REFERENCES:
=================
Volume 4 Number 1; v1b41-49--analysis of KI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
=================
*Malbim; Morning Star; Principle 135 (Discusses use of "IT")
*To the doctoral student who is working on KI and several
other connectives. His emails conjured up College memories
I had learned the Sifrah with a friend in college and the
above analysis of Minchah was developed as a result of
those sessions. The interesting thing from a research
point of view is that word KI in many of these sentences
does fit in nicely but is elliptical (not there). (In
particular using a CD ROM you could never find these
sentences)
RULE CLASSIFICATION {See the web site for comparable examples}:
===============================================================
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
EXTRA SENTENCE
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
THE 2 DOZEN RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RASHI RULES
=======================================
I: RASHI gives MEANING
======================
A: WORD MEANINGS--(eg)"on the face of"=during the lifetime
(v2n6,v4-3-4), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-3-4.htm
B: SPECIAL WORDS--(eg)ACH=USUALLY;USUALLY observe shabbath!
(v2n6, v4-1-49),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-1-49.htm
C: SYNONYMS--(eg)YShV=RESIDE; GARTI='INNED'--temporary say
(v1n1, v1-32-5), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1-32-5.htm
D: UNIFIED MEANING--(eg)Tz Ch K = (a) laugh, OR (b) mock
(v4n4, v1-21-9), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1-21-9.htm
E: NEW MEANINGS--(eg)HEAD-MOUTH of garment = HEM of Garment
(v5n10,v2a28-32),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2a28-32.htm
II: RASHI teaches GRAMMAR/STYLE
===============================
F: CLASSICAL GRAMMAR--(eg)HEY+CHATAF PATACH=QUESTION
(v2n24,v1b3-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1b3-11.htm
G: USAGE(NEW GRAMMAR)--(eg)INFINITIVE=GERUND;WATCHING laws;
(v2n10,v4-32-6),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-32-6.htm
H: ROOT+PREPOSITION--(eg) BCH AL=cries about,BCH ETH=mourn
(v1n14,v1a45-14),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a45-14.htm
I: SEMANTIC RULES--(eg) WAGES="ENDoF"="END oF Work Day';
(v1n10,v1b1-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1b1-1.htm
J: STYLE--(eg)REPETITION denotes Endearment;'Abraham,Abraham
(v1n6,v2-1-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-1-1.htm
K: DOUBLE NOUNS--(eg)HIT HIT by sword ('even without sword')
(v2n20,v2a22-25),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2a22-25.htm
L: PRONOUNS--(eg) sanctify OTHO = sanctify ONLY IT;
(v2n10,v4a7-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4a7-1.htm
III: OVERALL TEXTUAL STRUCTURE
==============================
M: OTHER VERSES--(eg)STONE(3-25-13)=BALANCE STONES(3-19-36)
(v3n9,v5b25-13),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5b25-13.htm
N: EXTRA SENTENCES--(eg)he'll dress his measurement=TAYLORED
(v1n20,v3a6-3),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v3a6-3.htm
O: DOUBLE PARSHAS-'he WILL pray'-'he WON'T pray';So Optional
(v3n12,v5a24-14),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5a24-14.htm
P: CLIMAX-(eg 5-19-11)(a)Hate, (b)spy, (c)confront,(d)Murder
(v3n9,v5-19-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5-19-11.htm
Q: OVERALL STRUCTURE-growing nails=despisement(from context)
(v3n8,v5-21-12),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5-21-12.htm
IV: IMPLICATIONS & DERIVATIONS
==============================
R: STAGES-learn HUMAN marital frequency from ANIMAL ratios
(v1n14,v1a32-15),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a32-15.htm
S: MORAL LESSONS/REASONS-God spoke before punishment;we too
(v2n12,v4-12-9),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-12-9.htm
T: RabbiIshmael-(eg)When an OX gores; OR ANY animal gores;
(v2n19,v2-22-17),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-22-17.htm
V: OVERALL
=================
U: SYMBOLISM-'WASHING his clothes in wine'=PLENTY of wine;
(v4n18,v1a49-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a49-11.htm
V: PICTURES--(eg) The TZITZ was like a HELMET over a turban
(v5n12,v2-40-35),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-40-35.htm
W: TABLES/SPREADSHEETS---To appear
End of Rashi-Is-Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*