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KYTZ has 12 MEANINGS |
BACKGROUND
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One of Rashis 6 major functions is to explain the meaning of
words, similar to the function of a dictionary.
REFERENCES
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See http://www.Rashiyomi.Com/words.htm for a collection of Rashis
on words. See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm for a 6
page paper on the 6 Rashi rule classes.
THE TEXT
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There are 12 distinct meanings related to roots with a
KUPH-TZADE in them. The fundamental meaning is TO END.
THE RASHIS
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From the meaning TO END we get the following meanings
-- ENDS, BORDERS, CORNERS, THE WHOLE (END TO END)
-- COMPLETIONS:AWAKE(end of sleep);SUMMER(end of ripening);FIGS
-- SYMBOLIC END: SOCIAL LEADERS (END of social spectrum)
-- CUT, SCRAPE, THORNS (thorns SCRAPE touchers)
THE LIST
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In the LIST below we review the Rashis on this root. Where
necessary we supplement the list with verses illustrating well
known meanings that Rashi did not comment on. Footnotes indicate
further subtleties in the verse
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| MEANING |
Relation to End |
Verse |
Sample Text |
| DISGUSTING |
END,ENOUGH OF*1 |
Gn27-46a |
I-m DISGUSTED with Cananites |
| DISGUSTING |
END,ENOUGH OF*1 |
Ex01-12c |
Egypt DISGUSTED with Jews |
| DISGUSTING |
END,ENOUGH OF*1 |
Nu21-05c |
Jews are DISGUSTED with Mana |
| DISGUSTING |
END,ENOUGH OF*1 |
Lv20-23a |
God DISGUSTED with Cananites |
| DISGUSTING |
END,ENOUGH OF*1 |
Nu22-03b |
Moab DISGUSTED with the Jews |
| CORNERS |
END OF OBJECT |
Ex28-23b |
Attached to the CORNERS |
| CORNERS |
END OF OBJECT |
Ex25-18d |
Make them on CORNERS |
| BORDER |
END OF OBJECT |
Ex16-35c |
Until Israels BORDER*2 |
| END TO END |
All parts*3 |
Gn47-21b |
from 1 END of TOWN to other |
| FROM END |
All parts*3 |
Gn19-04b |
everybody came from all ENDS |
| COMPLETION |
The END*4 |
Gn41-01a |
At COMPLETION of 2 years |
| Fig |
Ripened figs |
2Sam16-2 |
Bread & FIGS for kids*5 *4 |
| Summer |
Fig Month |
Gn08-22d |
SUMMER & winter.... *5 *4 |
| AWAKE |
END of sleep |
2Kn04-31 |
The child had not AWAKENED*6 |
| LEADERS |
Social-order-end |
Nu11-01e |
..God punished LEADERS*7 |
| Thorns |
They SCRAPE; |
Ex22-05b |
..fire burns THORNS*8 |
| Thorns |
on END of PLANT |
Gn03-18a |
..THORNS & thistles*8 |
| To SCRAPE |
Cut on END |
Lv14-41d |
Spill the dust they SCRAPE*8 |
| To CUT |
Make an END |
Dt25-12 |
CUT her hand off*8 |
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COMMENTS |
*1 Rashi presents two etymologies to KaTzaH=DISGUSTING
Both coming from the fundamental meaning KAYTZ=END
- DISGUSTING = END(KAYTZ)of my DESIRES (NEFESH)
This is the type of disgust that comes eg from overeating
(See Rashis on Nu21-05c and Lv20-23a)
- DISGUSTING = BEING A THORN (KAYTZ) in my side (cf English)
The word THORN in turn comes from the KAYTZ(to cut/end)
since thorns make a cut and END to something.
(See Rashi on NU33-55)
Thus we would interpret Lv20-23a as meaning
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God had mercy and let the Canaanites do what they wanted.
God had OVERINDULGED THEM and they kept on sinning. Now
God was DISGUSTED...HE HAD HAD ENOUGH
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*2 Rashi notes a contradiction in the verse
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- They ate the Manna until they came to INHABITED LAND
- they ate the Manna until they came to its BORDERS
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We have fully discussed the method of contradictory
verses in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ri-14.htm
Here we use the method of applying the two verses to two
times -- thus they RECEIVED the manna till they arrived
at the border and they ATE the manna till which they
received at the border till they came to civilized land
*3 The phrase END TO END is an IDIOM meaning EVERYBODY
Similarly the phrase FROM ALL ENDS means EVERYBODY
*4 The concept END can be viewed
- RESTROSPECTIVELY --- it was completed, ripened, finished
- PROSPECTIVELY --- it ended, stopped, terminated
*5 FIGS are called KYTZ in 2Sam16-2. RADACK says FIGS
ARE SUMMER FRUITS (Fruits that ripen in summer).(But
Radack does not mention FIGS in his book roots)
Rashi connects FIGS & SUMMER on Gn08-22d. Rashi & Radack
may disagree on which meaning is primary/secondary--FIGS or
SUMMER--but they both agree that what is denoted is
A TIME/OBJECT OF RIPENING
*6 Radack explicitly states that Yud-Kuf-Tzade & Kuf-Vav-Tzade
have the same meaning--to AWAKE
*7 The social spectrum has two ENDS. Rashi cites two opinions
-- God destroyed the ENDS of the camp (RASHI: The RIF RAFS)
-- God destroyed the ENDS of the camp (RASHI: The LEADERS)
*8 (a)Radack on Lv14-41d, in the name of the Targum,explains
that TO SCRAPE is a more accurate translation of this verse.
The root in Lv14-41d is Kuf-Tzade-Hey. Hence we would
translate 2Kn10-32 as THEY MADE TERRORIST ATTACKS (Scrapings)
INTO ISRAEL
(b) The more intense root Kuf-Tzade-Tzade means TO CUT
(not just to scrape; as in eg CUT HER HAND Dt25-12)
(c) In light of this the etymology of THORN is something on
the END of the plant that SCRAPES anyone who touches it.
(d) In passing Rashi adds a parenthetical phrase--
THE LAND SHALL GIVE YOU THORNS AND THISTLES [WHEN YOU PLOUGH]
--to clarify the Biblical curse Gn03-18a. Such interpolations
are common in Rashi.
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