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NKR has 6 meanings: LIST 2 |
THE LISTS
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We present two lists: In this first list we
show how each of the 6 meanings relates to the basic
concept of (UN)RECOGNIZABILITY
In the second list we show how NKR, in the 3 basic
grammatical modes takes on 3 different nuances:
--- NKR means RECOGNIZE in the ACTIVE MODE (KAL)
--- NKR means IGNORE(Not RECOGNIZE) in the INTENSIVE MODE(PIEL)
--- NKR means DISGUISE(non-recognize the self) in HITPAEL
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| MEANING |
GRAMMAR |
VERSE |
TEXT OF VERSE WITH Nun-Kaph-Resh |
| Recognize |
Active*1 |
Gn42-08a |
Joseph RECOGNIZED his brothers |
| Recognize |
Active*1 |
Gn42-08b |
Josephs brothers didnt RECOGNIZE him |
| Disguise |
Reflexiv |
Gn42-07a |
Joseph DISGUISED himself |
| Ignore |
Intensiv |
Dt32-27a |
they will IGNORE Me ¬ acknowledge |
| Other |
Noun*2 |
Dt31-16a |
theyll walk after the gods of OTHERS |
| Other |
Noun*2 |
Ex12-43b |
an OTHER will not offer the Passover |
| Other |
Noun*2 |
Ex22-08d |
dont sell her to OTHER families |
| Favoritism |
Noun*3 |
Isa03-09 |
Theyre punished for their FAVORITISM |
| Friends |
Noun*3 |
2Kn12-06 |
Theyll get donations from FRIENDS |
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COMMENTS |
*1 Rashi makes an insightful point about recognition:
-- if a person lost a few pounds you would still recognize him
-- but if you saw him in a situation where you dont expect it
than THE UNKNOWN SITUATION + HIS WEIGHT LOSS might cause
non-recognition.
In other words RECOGNITION is dependent on both appearance and
social status.
So if Josephs brothers didnt recognize him it was because
- of appearance: e.g. he had grown a beard since he left
- expectation: They expected to find Joseph as a slave.IN OTHER
WORDS THEY STILL DIDNT BELIEVE IN HIS DREAMS
By contrast Joseph did recognize his brothers
- they hadnt changed appearance
- Joseph did REMEMBER his own dreams. He wanted to be their
leader In his mind all the suffering was worth it--he would
now save them.
In this way we combine the simple meaning and derash into one.
*2 Most English translations translate N-K-R as meaning FOREIGN
Rashi however is a bit more soft: He translates it as meaning
OTHER (NOT IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZABLE). This softer translation
seems to fit better in the 3 verses cited
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if her master doesnt like her then he cannot sell her
to ANOTHER FAMILY (Ex22-08d)
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(the translation ANOTHER NATION would be wrong here!*10)
Dt31-16a
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they (the Jews) will desert Me(God) and follow FOREIGN gods
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(Here the translation FOREIGN does fit!)
Ex12-43b
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OTHER people cannot offer the Passover
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The translation FOREIGNERS CANNOT OFFER THE PASSOVER would
not prohibit APOSTATES from offering the Passover. However
the translation OTHERS seems to include both FOREIGNERS
and APOSTATES which is the law.
In summary: OTHER is not a perfect translation but fits better
than FOREIGNER.
*3 As mentioned above there is controversy on the root
used in this verse
-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------------
*10 Lets get detailed here. The literal words of the verse are
- dont sell her to a
- NATION (AM)
- that is NKR (OTHER or FOREIGN)
So it is natural to translate this as dont sell her to
a FOREIGN NATION (After all, that is what it says)
Rashis point is that
-- Nation can refer to family or tribe (Eg Dt33-03)
-- NKR is better translated as OTHER vs FOREIGN
So the Hebrew AM NKR could mean OTHER FAMILY even though
it appears to mean FOREIGN NATION.
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