#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Nu14-13a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu14-13a Nu14-13b Nu14-14a Nu14-15a Nu14-15b
Nu14-15c
========================= Nu14-13a ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main tasks is to explain grammar the same way
a dictionary explains grammar. There are various aspects to
grammar including verb conjugation, gender agreement, plurality
agreement etc. Today we focus on the grammatical rules
governing multi-verse sentences.
EXAMPLE Nu14-13:16
------------------
Nu14-13:16 is a complex multi-verse sentence
------------------------------------------------------------
VERSE PEOPLE TALK/THING WHAT GOD DID#1 WHAT GOD DID#2
----- ----------------- ------------------ --------------
Nu14-13 Egypt will hear*2
Nu14-13 You redeemd Jews*3
Nu14-14 Egypt will say*4
Nu14-14 you are Redeemer*1
Nu14-15 but kill Jews*5
----- -------------- ----------------- ------------
Nu14-15 Nations will say
Nu14-16 God can't*6
------------------------------------------------------------
Together the sentence says
--------------------------------------------
Egypt & Nations will say
that
#1- God redeemed the JEws
#2- but God killed them
because
God couldnt bring them to Canaan
(The idea being that Canaan is more powerful
than Egypt)
--------------------------------------------
Rashi, to clarify the multi-verse structure also points out
that the meanings of 4 words
- Ki usually means BECAUSE; However it can also mean THAT
- El usually means TO; however it can also mean CONCERNING
- Bilti means EXCEPT; MiBilTi means BECAUSE OF LACK OF
- Yud-Caph-Lamed means TO BE ABLE;Yud-Caph-Lamed-Tauv=ABILITY
LIST070j compactily illustrates the multiverse structure
LIST955z summarizes the synonym pair BILTI-MIBILTI
like EXCEPT-FROM LACK OF
LIST050d summarizes examples of NOUN-VERB transforms
(like ABLE-ABILITY)
=============================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== ====================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS ROOT+PREPOSITION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST070j
List of clauses in Nu14-13:16-Nations will say God cant
----------------------- ----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST955z
List of Synonym pairs
----------------------- ----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST050d
List of words with NOUNS becoming VERBS
=============================================================
========================= LIST070j ===============================
List of clauses in Nu14-13:16-Nations will say God cant
==================================================================
VERSE News/Thoughts Redeem from Egypt Cant Conquer Canaan
======== ================= ================== ====================
Nu14-13 Egypt will hear*2
Nu14-13 You redeemd Jews*3
Nu14-14 Egypt will say*4
Nu14-14 you are Redeemer*1
Nu14-15 but kill Jews*5
----- -------------- ----------------- ------------
Nu14-15 Nations will say
Nu14-16 God can't*6
NOTES
-----
*1 To illustrate structure we SUMMRIZE main ideas. E.g.
- YOU ARE REDEEMER = God took them thru wilderness with clouds
*2 Nu14-13a Egypt will hear you redeemed them AND punished them
*3 Nu14-13b Egypt will hear BOTH a) Redemption b) Punishment*10
*4 Nu14-14a Rashi says: Egypt will SAY on the CANAANITES. Indeed
the Hebrew word EL can mean ON. But the verse can also be
interpreted as is
--------------------------------------------------
in Egyptian-Canaanite contacts (eg thru commerce)
Egypt will say
- God took them out of Egypt
- but then killed them
- because He couldnt conquer you
-------------------------------------------------
The point of the verse is that the Canaanites will agree
with this. The Hebrew EL can mean ON or TO--see *11
*5 Rashi points out that the two clauses
- you redeemed Jews
- but you killed them (in punishment)
these two clauses will lead everyone to say
- God can't bring them to Canaan
we have indicated this causal relationship (the 2 clauses
a) God redeems and b) God kills implies c) God can't) by
having a dashed line between the two parts of the multi-
verse sentence.
*6 In other words
- God could conquer Egypt
- God cannot conquer Canaan (A stronger kingdom)
- So God killed Jews to avoid embarassment*12 *13
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------
*10 True: Rashi does give an alternate meaning of the CONNECTIVE
HEBREW WORD KI which can have 7 meanings. However the main
thrust of the derivation is the multi verse structure. That
is because of the multi-verse structure therefore Rashi
reinterprets KI to mean THAT
------------------------------------------------
Egypt will hear THAT
you redeemed Jews
you killed Jews
-------------------------------------------------
For the seven meanings of KI See LIST005m at
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h21n2.htm#LIST005m
*11 For the multiple meanings of EL see
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h24n14.htm#LIST005O
*12 Rashi explains that
- The Hebrew word Bilti =EXCEPT
- The Hebrew word MiBilTi=BECAUSE OF LACK
See LIST955z below
*13 Rashi explains that
- Yud-Caph-Lamed means TO BE ABLE
- Yud-Caph-Lamed-Tauv means ABILITY
This illustrates a NOUN-VERB transformation.
See LIST050d below
=================================================================
========================= LIST955z =====================
List of Synonym pairs
LIST955z continues LIST955a
========================================================
VERSE WORD BASIC IDEA NUANCES
======== ====== ========== =============================
Nu14-16b MBilTi Negation Because of lack of
Nu32-12 Bilti Negation EXCEPT
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu13-23a ZMoRaH Grapes Grape VINE
Nu13-23 EshKoL Grapes Grape CLUSTER
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-18a NDR*13 Donation VOW-eg I-ll bring a sacrifice
Lv22-18b NDBH Donation DONATION-eg Donate Tmpl money
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-22a &WRT Blind Feminine form
- - - - &WR Blind Masculine form
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv13-45a PRM Tear tear ON SEAM
- - - - QR& Tear GENERAL tear
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Ex28-28c XBR Unite Unite
- - - - RKS Unite Unite by TIGHTENING*8
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu17-21a TWK In Centrally in *7
- - - - Beth In In
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Gn01-11a D$A FIELD MEADOW*6
- - - - &SW FIELD GRASS*6
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt28-68a ANIH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
- - - - SFINH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt18-03c Z-R-A HAND/THROW ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter
-------- Y-D-H HAND/THROW YD=hand; YDH=to throw
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt13-06a S-R-H FABRICATE it is REMOVED from reality*4
-------- B-D-A FABRICATE it is ISOLATED from reality
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt05-17b A-V-H DESIRE*3 desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ
Ex20-17 X-M-D DESIRE*3 COVET-desire ACQUISITION
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-25c P-X-D FEAR IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1
Dt11-25d M-R-H FEAR ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-14c I-R-H RAIN*2 FIRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground
Dt11-14d MLK$ RAIN*2 FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
NOTES
-----
*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that
- P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to
e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from
fear
- MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM
apprehension over the future.*10
*2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It
would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow
- MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH)
GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain
before the produce. See LIST910i *11
*3 It is hard to absolutely prove that
- A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs
- Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION
The verses show that
- A-V-H is an act of the HEART while
- Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS
See LIST955h for further details
(Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d)
*4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED
Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY
and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses
were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus
the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word
*5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between
ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from
verses. An interesting statistical note is the following
- SFINH occurs ONCE in the Bible
- ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible
- But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed
Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring
ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME
*6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass
- MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS
*7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN)
explains several Rashis:
Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c
Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j
*8 Hence
- Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment
- P031-21 Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together)
- Is40-04 God will smooth the TIGHT mountains
(Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains
close together with deep georges between them)*12
--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------
*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies
For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without
reference to etymologies and even without reference
to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem
reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the
synonyms.
*11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic.
However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation
of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this
particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally
from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS
usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it.
*12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE.
I have examined the verses and think the nuances
of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening
is more precise
Rashi and my analysis apparently override the
RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning
HIGH. Compare
- RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it)
- Save me from HAUGHTY people
- God will smooth the HIGH mountains
*13 Rashi brings several distinctions on the nuances
between VOWS vs DONATIONS
- VOWS are PERSONAL (eg I will bring...)
- DONATIONS are OBJECT oriented
(eg This material is to Tmpl)
- VOWS come for OFFERINGS
- DONATIONS come for TEMPLE repairs
- VOWS come for personal EXPIATION
- DONATIONS do not come personal EXPIATION
Rashi in fact notes that the word FOR EXPIATION
(Resh-Tzade-Hey) does occur in Lv22-23. However
this is just an accident. The main Rashi point comes
from the VOW:DONATION difference---in English also
- VOW has personal connotation (I undertake..) while
- DONATION has object connotation (this item goes to..)
========================================================
======================= LIST050d =============================
List of words with NOUNS becoming VERBS
==============================================================
NOUN-VERB VERB Means TYPE
========== ======================================= ===========
To Plant Creation (planting) of plants Create
To record To Create a record Create
To milk To Create(bring forth) milk Create
To fire*1 To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) Create
To build To Create a building Create
To worm To produce/bring forth Worms*2 Create
To BORDER To make borders*3 Create
EMBROIDER Make embroidery*4 Create
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To Young Remove / cut the young grapes*9
To dust Removal of dust *5 Remove
To UpRoot To remove the roots(from the ground) Remove
To DeFrost To remove the frost Remove
Blood*6 To remove the blood (ie to KILL) Remove
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To hammar Do Standard activity done with hammar Standard
To screw Do Standard activity done with screws Standard
To fan Do Standard activity done with a Fan Standard
To Dough Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 Standard
To Fly FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly Standard
To COAT To place coat on and tighten it*8 Standard
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
ToBe Able ABILITY=STATE of TO BE ABLE STATE*10
NOTES
-----
*1 eg To FIRE a furnace
*2 Ex16-20b
*3 Ex19-12a
*4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN
means make them embroidered
*5 Nu04-13b
*6 Lv17-04a
*7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean
to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb
can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are
- DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE
- TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising)
See LIST814a for more details
*8 Ex29-05a
*9 Lv19-10a
------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------
*10 Abstract State
=============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 26 Number 11
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 26 Number 11