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VERSE: Nu25-04b

RASHIS COVERED: Nu25-04b


============= CAUSATIVE COMMAND FORM OF ROOTS ==================

 We have suggested that Rashi expecially brings grammatical
 rules when the grammatical forms are rare.

 Recall that Hebrew is composed of 3 letter roots. Every root
 can be conjugated based on WHO is doing the activity, their
 gender, plurality, time and mode of activity. There are well
 known books and tables presenting these conjugations. My
 favorite is the appendix to the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary.

 However even good books ignore very very rare cases. It is
 here that Rashi will come to the rescue.

 Although even school children know how to form the COMMAND
 form of the HIFIL (causative) MODE,the Hebrew root Yud-Kaph-Ayn
 has TWO weak letters -- YUD and AYN.

 Ibn Shoshan for example does have tables for roots beginning
 with Yud as well as charts for roots ending in weak letters
 (Charts 2,8,9). Such tables are also traditionally taught in
 schools and universities. But it is rare to teach tables
 for verbs that have weak letters on BOTH their first and
 last letters.

 Using the recently published Grammatical-Form Konkordance
 of Moshe Silberman we find at most 8 examples of this
 situtation in the whole Bible; only 4 of these 8 examples
 are in the COMMAND TENSE (the other 4 are in FUTURE or PAST)

 Hence Rashi felt a need to alert us to this grammatical form
 (and give other examples).*1 *2

=================================================================
VERSE   ROOT  MEANING                        FORM    TENSE
=====   ===== =======                        ======= =========
Nu25-04 YKA   Cause them to Hang them        HOKAH   COMMAND
Pr25-17 YKR*3 Make yourself rare by friends  HOKAH   COMMAND
Ez16-02 YDA   Make known her sins            HODA    COMMAND
Pr09-08 YCX   Rebuke the wise;he'll like it  HOCAX   COMMAND
Jb16-21 YCX   & Man will argue with God      VYOCAX  FUTURE
Nu16-05 YDA   God will let us Know           VYODAH  FUTURE
Pr20-22 YSA   Hope to God & He'll save       VYOSHAH FUTURE
Jr31-06 YSA   God saved his nation           HOSHAH  PAST

NOTES
=====
*1 There is a difference between Rashis examples and Moshes
   examples. Rashi gives the same ROOT but with a different
   time (FUTURE vs COMMAND) and with a SUFFIX.

   The examples I gleaned from Moshes Grammatical-Form
   Kornkordance are without suffix. The roots all have
   weak first and last letters. There are 4 such examples
   If we add examples using FUTURE and PAST we get only
   8 examples in all of the Bible.

*2 Moshe also brings Lv04-23. However I have omitted this
   since the natural interpretation of this verse is REFLEXIVE
   not CAUSATIVE. In fact Malbim explains Lv04-23 as a hybrid
   of 3 MODES. Moshe also footnotes this special case.

*3 Recall that Resh is sometimes classified as guttural
   and sometimes as non-guttural. In this verse it is
   treated as guttural (Moshe makes a similar note in
   his Konkordance).
=================================================================


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 10 Number 20


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