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VERSE: Nu26-46a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu26-46a Nu26-42a Nu26-39a Nu26-38a Nu26-24a
                Nu26-16a Nu26-13a

==================== PEOPLE WITH 2 NAMES ========================

VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Nu26 contains a list of the major branches of the 12 tribes.Gn46
also  contains a listing of Jacobs children & their families.
Thus these two chapters SHOULD contain the same major families.
By ALIGNING the families in each chapter we infer how (i) certain
families had two names and (ii) certain families had died.
Here is a simple example
--Gn46-10 SHIMONS SONS:  yEMUEL YAMIN OHAD YACHIN TZOCHAR SHAUL
--Nu26-13 SHIMONS SONS:  nEMUEL YAMIN ---- YACHIN ZERACH- SHAUL
Rashi infers that (a) OHAD had died (b) TZOCHAR & ZERACH are 2
names for this family (c) YEMUEL and NEMUEL were the same

----------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    MEANING
----------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.

But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.

The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances.

Perhaps the most obvious way of explaining these alignment
differences is to assume that we are dealing with 2 WORDS
FOR THE SAME ITEM. This example is particularly potent in
poetry as the standard example below shows.

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Gn49-11 describes the great abundance of the Messianic era
 ----------------------------------------------------
 They can wash       their clothes     in wine
 -------------       their SUTHO       in grape-blood
 ----------------------------------------------------


STUDENT EXERCISES:
------------------
-- Which word pairs in the aligned verses line up
-- Based on the Rashi alignment principle how would you explain
   the words you dont understand

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
-- The words CLOTH and the Hebrew word SUTHO line up
   The word WINE and the phrase GRAPE-BLOOD line up

-- Hence, we translate SUTHO as CLOTHES
-- Hence we translate GRAPE BLOOD as WINE


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm

This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.

Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at

http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm

This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
2 student exercises listed above.

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.

TODAYS LIST
-----------
Today we compare two chapters -- Nu26 and Gn46 -- each which
contains a listing of Jacobs grandchildren. There are in fact

-- Missing children (Children present by Jacob but not by Moses)
-- Children with 2 names
-- Grandchildren which had the same status as children
-- female (grand)children

We present  these 4 lists now. In this list we present
the MISSING and DOUBLE-NAME children


SPECIAL TREAT--LEVELS OF READING RASHI
---------------------------------------
As a special treat we give insight on how to read Rashi.
Rashi can be read at various levels.
-- At the simplest level Rashi is aligning two chapters
   that both contain the names of Jacobs grandchildren

-- At the next level Rashi EXPLAINS why  certain children
   are missing or have 2 names (eg the children died or
   the names mean the same thing)

-- At the highest level Rashi gives elaborate theories
   on what happened to these children (eg there was a civil
   war between factions that wanted to return to Egypt and
   those that didnt)

The punchline of this list is that YOU DONT IDENTIFY THE
HIGHEST LEVEL WITH THE FIRST 2 LEVELS. A student of Rashi
should be elated if they understand that Rashi is comparing
two chapters and offering obvious explanations to their
differences (Such as >dead children are missing in the
second list<). Such an approach leads to greater appreciation
of Rashi and greater self-confidence of the student reader.
If a student then wishes to attempt to comprehend the highest
level as the simple meaning of the text, he is in a position
to do so.

To those who wish to adapt the QUESTION-ANSWER approach to Rashi
of Dr Leibowitz or the WHAT IS BOTHERING RASHI approach of
her student Rabbi Boncheck I would suggest that what I have
added is a SPECIFIC LIST of 30 TECHNIQUES. That is, it is not
enough to ask a question on Rashi, or say that such and such
is bothering him, rather, we must also identify which technique
is being used. The list of 30 techniques can be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/workbook.htm

Here is the list of MISSING and DOUBLE NAMES. As just mentioned
other facets of the comparison of the 2 chapters will be
presented in further lists.
================================================================
Gn VERSE TRIBE   FAMILIES    Nu VERSES   Double/Missing Names*1
======== ======= ========    =========== =======================
Gn46-09  Reuven  Chanoch     Nu26-05:07  *1
                 Phalu
                 Chetzron
                 Carmi
Gn46-10  Shimon  Yemuel      Nu26-12:14  Nemuel*2
                 Yamin
                 Ohad                    MISSING*3
                 Yachin
                 Tzochar                 Zerach*4
                 Shaul
Gn46-12  Yehuda  Ayr-died    Nu26-20:22  MISSING*3
                 Onan-died               MISSING*3
                 Shaylah
                 Peretz
                 Chetzron
                 Chammul
                 Zarach
Gn46-13  Yisacar Tolah       Nu26-23:24
                 Puvah
                 Yov                     YASHUV*4
		 Shimron
Gn46-14  Zevulun Sered       Nu26-26
                 Alon
                 Yachlelayl
Gn46-16  Gad*5   Tzifyon     Nu26-15:18  Tzefon*2
                 Chagi
                 Shooni
                 Etzbon                  AZNI*4
                 Ayri
                 Arodi
                 Arayli
Gn46-17  Asher   Yimnah      Nu26-44:46
                 Yishvah                 MISSING*3
                 Yishvi
                 Beriah
                 Chever
                 Malciayl
Gn46-21  Bnyamin Belah       Nu26-38:40
                 Becer                   MISSING*3
                 Ashbayl
                 Gayrah                  MISSING*3
                 Naaman                  BELAH-NAAMAN*5
                 Aychi                   Achiram*4
                 Rosh                    MISSING*3
                 Mupim                   SHEFUFAM*4
                 Chupim                  MISSING*3
                 Ard                     BELAH-ARDI*5
Gn46-23  Dan     Chushim     Nu26-42     SHUCHAM*4
Gn46-24  Naftali Yachtzeayl  Nu26-48:49
                 Guni
                 Yeser
                 Shilaym

NOTES
-----
*1 A blank in the last column indicates that the SAME NAME
   is used in both chapters. As to be expected most rows in
   the list have a blank since about 80% of the names are the
   same

*2 Tzefon SOUNDS similar to Tzifyon.
   Similarly NEMUEL and YEMUEL sound similar.

   It is reasonable to conjecture that some people
   mispronounced these names and hence these
   famiilies had 2 names. RASHI DOES NOT COMMENT ON THESE
   PHONETICALLY SIMILAR NAMES, probably because he thought
   the explanation obvious

*3 Some grandchildren are mentioned by Jacob but not by
   Moses. Rashi explains they died. This explanation
   can be proved by the  explicit statement that AYR and
   ONAN, Judahs children, died, which therefore accounts
   for their missing in the Nu chapter. *11

*4 Several children have two different names in the aligned
   chapters. Since the children are listed in almost the
   same order in the two chapters it follows that
   if the same slot is filled with 2 different  names then
   we must be deadling with 2 names for the same person.

   Rashi notes these DOUBLE-NAMED persons. Rashi also
   attempts to explain how  the two names reflect the same
   concept. Here is a list of these 6 double names, Rashi
   citations,& suggested explanations on the similarity of
   the 2 names

   - Nu26-13a ZERACH=TZOCHAR. Rashi notes that the root ZERACH
     and the root TZOHAR, phonetically similar to TZOCHAR both
     mean BRIGHT and SHINING

   - Nu26-24a YOV=YASHUV. Neither Rashi nor myself can  explain
     the similarity between these two roots

   - Nu26-13a Nu26-16a*12

     Rashi does NOT know why AZNI and ETZBON have the same
     meaning.  I would suggest the following

     -- AZNI from OZEN, ear,means a GOOD LISTENER
     -- ETZBON from TZVAH (Army) with the prefix ALEPH meaning
        PERSON would refer to a SOLDIER (Army person)
     -- So it seems reasonable that the SOLDIER & GOOD LISTENER
        are two names for the same thing

   - Nu26-38a ACHIRAM = ACHI. Rashi explains that ACHIRAM simply
     means ACHI RAM, my HIGHER (OLDER) BROTHER. In general it
     is believed that BENJAMIN names his children to reflect a
     longing for his kidnapped brother JOSEPH*13

   - Nu26-39b MUPIM = SHEFUFAM. Rashi only explains SHEFUFAM,
     but for clarity I will explain both names

     --MUPIM would probably mean MPO= FROM (M) PO (HERE)
     --SHEFUFAM would come from SFI which means ISOLATED
       /DISLOCATED

     Both FROM-HERE and ISOLATED would describe Josephs
     kidnapping

   - Nu26-42a CHUSIM=SHUCAM (Note how the first two letters
     are reversed--hence I would add this pair to those
     in  footnote #2--the phonetically sounding names)

*5 The Gn and Nu chapters differ in their description.
   The Gn chapter lists 10 Benyaminite children or families
   The Nu chapter describes some of these families as
   coming from grandchildren.

   There is a separate list below
   describing the families that come from Grandchildren.
   This list will deal with the special case of Menasheh
   and Ephraim.

   Finally we will have a separate list
   on the Levites whose genealogy is also listed in 2
   other Biblical places (Besides Gn and Nu)


----------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------------
*10
   Very often Rashi only comments
   on the hard cases and asks the student to comment on the
   obvious cases. We call this the WORKBOOK method.For a
   proof that Rashi believed in Phonetic explanations see
   http://www.Rashiyomi.com/dt14-13a.htm

*11 We would then use the Rabbi Ishmael method of
    Generalization to transfer  this DEATH-MISSING
    explanation to the other children.

    Rashi offers several explanations of HOW the missing
    children died. For example
    -- Nu24 showed a plague that killed 24,000 people
       for sinning sexually. A comparison of the census
       figures in Nu01 and Nu26 suggests that most of
       these deaths happened in the Tribe of Shimon.
       Hence the missing Shomonite tribes could have
       died in the plague (Rashis modification of the
       Tanchuma)

    -- Rashi uses a careful analysis of the record
       of wilderness journeys to show that there was
       a faction of people who tried to return to Egypt
       Rashi conjectures that this led to a civil war
       in which several tribes died.

    As explained above the DETAILS OF HOW THEY DIED
    need not concern us. It suffices to know that
    Rashi is comparing chapters and
    giving reasonable explanations for differences

    We will explain and defend the more advanced
    explanation of Rashi presented in Nu26-13a in a future
    issue when we analyze the journeys.

*12
     One Rashi says that AZNI=ETZBON while
     the other Rashi suggests that ETZBON is missing. Since
     Rashi is citing someone else in this other Rashi we
     give preference to the idea that both names are the same

*13 This thesis will be defended elsewhere. However we can
    quickly skim over the 10 children and see the following
    obvious etymologies
    - BELAH = SWALLOW = KIDNAPPED
    - BECER = FIRSTBORN, referring to Joseph
    - ACHI or ACHIRM = My older brother
    - ROSH=LEADER since he was the older brother

    Following our method of analysis we would point out that
    the defense of the explanation of Benjamins children is
    ADVANCED RASHI. The basic point here is that ACHI and
    ACHIRAM are the same and it seems reasonable that ACHIRAM
    simply means MY OLDER BROTHER(The further thesis that
    all of Benjamins children have similar etymologies is
    not needed here)
=================================================================

========================= Jacobs (Grand)Daughters ===============

  By comparing the lists of females (actually only 2) in the
  2 chapters we infer that SERACH was still alive in Moses time
  but Dinah was not
=================================================================
Gn VERSE WOMAN   Nu VERSE          INFERENCE
======== ======= ================= ==============================
Gn46-15  Dinah   --------          MISSING  Hence dead*1
Gn46-17  Serach  Nu26-46           nu26-46a Still alive*2

NOTES
-----
*1 As shown in list 1 above MISSING children of Jacob reflect
   a death(See footnote #3 in the previous list). It could
   be argued that MISSING FEMALES might not reflect death
   but rather the fact that family genealogy is based on men.

   However the presence of SERACH shows that females WERE
   mentioned and therefore we conclude that Dinah was dead
   but Serach was still alive.*10

------------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------

*10 Gn46-10 mentions SHAUL the son of the CANAANITE.
    As we have shown http://www.RashiYomi.com/gn46-11a.htm
    it is reasonable to assume that SHAUL was the son of
    Dinah thru the rape of Schem. This fact is not
    repeated in Nu
================================================================


==================== THE LEVITE FAMILIES =======================

 Levite genealogy is mentioned in 4 places
 -- Gn46-11 LEVI had GAYRSHON KEHATH & MERARI as children
 -- Ex06-16:19 brought in the list below--8 families are given
 -- Nu03-17:33 which repeates the 8 families in Exodus
 -- Nu26-57:58 brought in the list below

Here is the list of 8 Levite Families
================================================================
Ex06-16:22         Nu26-57:58
=================  =============================================
Gayrshon-Livni
Gayrshon-Shimi     MISSING
Kehath-Amram       MISSING
Kehath-Yitzhar     Korach   (Nefeg Zichri missing)*1
Kehath-Chevron
Kehath-Uziel*1     MISSING
Merari-Machli
Merari-Mooshi


NOTES
-----
*1 Ex06-21:22 states that
   ---------------------------------------------------
   Yitzhar had children --- KORACH NEFEG ZICHRI
   UZIEL had children ----- MISHAYL ELTZAFAN SITHRI
   ---------------------------------------------------

   But UZIEL is totally absent in  Nu
   By contrast Yitzhar is mentioned in Exodus but only
   1 of his children, Korach, is mentioned in Nu.

   Hence it is reasonable that that the other 2
   subfamilies died out.*10

------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES ------------

*10 It is instructive to read the Rashi on Nu26-13a
    ------------------------------------------------
    The Jerusalem Talmud comments on the tribes
    that are present in Genesis but absent in Nu
    (because they died). The Jerusalem Talmud
    explains how they died.

    By carefully analyzing the log of journeys
    it appears that the Jews went backwards for
    a while. This suggests that their was a
    strong faction that wanted to return to Egypt.

    Apparently a civil war broke out between those
    that wanted to return and the Levites who
    remained loyal to God. During this civil war
    several tribal families died and hence are
    not mentioned in Nu.

    Similarly 4 Levite families are missing,
    apparently because they died in the war.

    The 4 levite families that died are
    those missing in the above list: Namely

    SHIMI UZIEL and part of the YITZHAR family
    I however do not know who the 4th is
    -----------------------------------------------

    The above is Rashis citation. I would like to
    explain the last sentence.

    Upon examining the above list we find the following
    4 missing families
    - Shimi (mentioned by Rashi)
    - Amram (not mentioned by Rashi)
    - Yitzhar lost NEFEg & ZICHRI (mentioned by Rashi)
    - Uziel (mentioned by Rashi)

    The above counting is obvious. I dont know why
    Rashi omitted mentioning that AMRAM was the 4th.

    As to the conjecture of a civil war, we have explained
    that the Rashi student should know that
    -- Rashi was comparing/aligning chapters on children
    -- Rashi was explaining MISSING children as having DIED

    This corresponds to the beginning and middle levels
    of understanding Rashi. The advanced level, that they
    died  BECAUSE  OF A CIVIL war is true and and is the
    simple meaning of the text but requires further analysis.
    We defer this analysis to future digests when we analyze the
    log of journeys.
================================================================



======================= GRANDCHILDREN ===========================

 We  continues the study of ALIGNMENT of Nu26 and Gn46

 In this list we study the GRANDCHILDREN who were assigned
 tribal status like the children. Some clarification is
 as follows

 - Jacob was the Patriarch
 - Jacobs children all had TRIBAL status.Thus e.g. his son
   REUVEN became the REUVEN tribe
 - Joseph was a special exception. Even though he was a
   child there is no JOSEPH tribe. Rather, EPHRAIM and
   MENASHEH, Josephs children, have TRIBAL status
 - The children of each tribe--that is Jacobs
   grandchildren each has FAMILY status. Thus for
   example, REUVEN had a child CHANOCH and so we have the
   CHANOCH FAMILY of the REVUEN tribe.
 - In general great-grandchildren did not have any special
   status
 - However both Gn46 and Nu26 record several Grandchildren
   of the tribes (Great Grandchildren of Jacob) who were
   assigned FAMILY status.

 The question then arises as to why only these Great-
 grandchildren had family status.

 Rashi uses the ZIP code explanation. Recall a zip code
 is a connected area in which mail is delivered. However
 if some block in this area has alot of mail--say a school
 or mall or supermarket--then the post office will give
 this special block its own zip code. We then have the
 paradox that the original zip code applies to everything
 but the special block. Such an assignment of multiple
 zip codes facilitates mail delivery since each zip code
 has equal bulk.

 So to with the tribes. Suppose, that SHUTHELACH had
 many children but one of them say AYRAN had more grandchildren
 then all the others. Then it facilitates division if
 AYRAN has his own family status while the SHUTHELACH status
 then refers to all the remaining grandchildren.

 Other explanations are possible but this is the most logical
 approach *11

Here is the list of Grandchilren of the tribes (Great
Grandchildren of Jacob) with Family status. To interpret
the list note that eg PERETZ(1st row) was JUDAHs son and
hence had FAMILY status in JUDAH. CHETZRON & CHAMUL were
children of PERETZ (or grandchildren of JUDAH  or Great-
Grandchildren of Jacob)  who were given FAMILY status.
The verses supporting these identifications in both
Gn and Nu are given in the last two columns.
===============================================================
Child Tribe   GrandChild Tribe  Nu Verse   Gn Verse
============= ================= ========== ======================
Peretz        Chetzron          Nu26-21    Gn46-12
Peretz        Chamul            Nu26-11    Gn46-12
Briah         Chever            Nu26-44:45 Gn46-17
Briah         Malciayl          Nu26-44:45 Gn46-17
Belah         Ard               Nu26-40    Gn46-21
Belah         Naaman            Nu26-40    Gn46-21*1
Macir         Gilad             Nu26-29    Gn46-20*2
Gilad         Iezri             Nu26-30:32 -------*3
Gilad         Chelek            Nu26-30:32 -------*3
Gilad         Asriel            Nu26-30:32 -------*3
Gilad         Schem             Nu26-30:32 -------*3
Gilad         Shmidah           Nu26-30:32 -------*3
Shuthalach    Ayran             Nu26-36    -------*2



NOTES
-----
*1 As indicated above the Gn verse does not identify
   ARD and NAAMAN as sons of BELAH but rather
   identifies BELAH ARD and NAAMAN as sons of Binyamin

   The explanation of this contradiction (--Gn46-21
   calls them CHILDREN of Binyamin while Nu26-40 calls
   them GRANDCHILDREN of Binyamin) seems to be resolved
   in Gn48-05:06 where Jacob gives CHILD status to
   his grandchildren thru Joseph--Menasheh & Ephraim
   So too ARD and NAAMAN even though they were grandchildren
   were assigned CHILD STATUS *10

*2 As explained above Joseph had a special status among the
   children in that Jacob explicitly in Gn48-05:06
   states that Josephs children (which are Jacobs granchildren)
   will have CHILD status.

   Hence the families mentioned in Nu do not have analogous
   verses in Genesis

*3 We have the unique situation that
   - Jacobs child was MACIR
   - Macirs child was GILAD
   - Gilads child was EEZER

   And yet all 3 (Macir, Gilad and EEZER) have child status

----------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------------

*10 We can still ask why the grandchildren are IDENTIFIED
    as grandchildren in BOTH Nu and Gn except for this
    case of Binyamin where they are identified as
    grandchildren in Nu but are called children in Gn

    This can be resolved with the rule of Rabbi Ishmael
    --------------------------------------------------
    If 1 verse from some class of verses has an oddity
    Then that oddity applies to the whole class (unless
    indicated otherwise).
    --------------------------------------------------

    So in this case the oddity that GRANDCHILDREN are
    called CHILDREN applies to all GRANDCHILDREN and
    the Bibilical authority for this comes the case of
    Menasheh and Ephraim in Gn48-05:06

*11 Rashi Nu26-24a brings cites Rav Moshe Hadarshan

    - Rav Moshe claims that the loss of 50% of the Benjamin
      tribe (and the further loss of almost the whole tribe
      in the Concubine war -- Ju19 thru Ju21) confirms  the
      prophecy of Rachel that Binyamin was a SON OF
      MOURNING (Gn35-18...an alternative interpretation
      is that Rachel MOURNED herself since she died with
      the birth of this child)

    - Rav Moshe suggests that GREAT GRANDCHILDREN were
      assigned family status if their mother was pregnant
      as they came into Egypt. But Rashi dismisses this as
      fanciful. We therefore suffice with a few refutations

      -- The list above give Great-Great-Grandchildren
      with family status (Macir-Gilad-EEzer)

      -- It is not clear why pregnancy should alter
      anyones status.

      -- Rashis ZIPCODE explanation based on plentitude
      of children seems more reasonable

      -- Finally there is a legend that one woman gave birth
      AS THEY ENTERED Egypt and this accounts for the
      discrepancy between the Biblical assertion that there
      were 70 people who went down but the actual count shows
      less than 70. If the explanation is that we count
      pregnancies than the total number would be way over
      71.

      This is way too complicated to analyze here.For further
      details on this see http://www.rashiyomi.com/gn46-26a.htm

=================================================================

RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website

Volume 14 Number 13


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 14 Number 13