Proofs may be from OTHER VERSES:#20 of 20
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# 10 YEAR Ayelet DAILY-RASHI-YOMI CYCLE #
# Dec 11, 2000 #
# Rashis 449-449 Of 7800 (5.8%) #
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--GRAND SUMMARY--
OVERVIEW:
========
In this module we explored Rashis that derive their
lesson from OTHER VERSES.
There are six basic techniques of Rashi in these
verses. Here are the six methods with examples.
METHOD 1: CROSS REFERENCING CITATIONS
------------------------------------------------
Dt26-18a says >And God SAID He will make you a TREASURED NATION<
Rashis cites Ex19-05 where it says >& you'll be to me TREASURED<
Thus Rashi is confirming the CITATION
METHOD 2: CROSS REFERENCING PROCEDURES
--------------------------------------
Lv14-13a says >slaughter the guilt offering where the elevation
offering is slaughtered<
Lv01-11 says >slaugher the elevation offering in the NORTHERN
part of the ALTAR<
Thus Rashi clarifies the verse by cross referencing the procedure
METHOD 3: CLARIFYING WITH A SIMILAR VERSE WITH MORE DETAILS
-----------------------------------------------------------
Nu36-08a speaks about >a daughter who inherits<
Nu27-08 clarifies with details how this could happen
>If a person has no son then his daughter inherits him<
Thus Rashi clarifies with a non cited cross reference.
METHOD 4: MODIYING A VERSES MEANING THRU OTHER VERSES
-----------------------------------------------------
Gn35-22a says that >Reuven slept with Bilhah<
But Gn49-04 says that >Reuven only played with his fathers bedS<
Thus Gn49-04 suggests that it is legitimate to reinterpret
Gn35-22 as meaning >Reuven inteferred with his fathers married
life and therefore the BIble regards it as if he slept with his
fathers maid< Thus by bringing the OTHER VERSE Rashi allows us
to reinterpret the verse.
METHOD 5: MULTIPLE PROOFS
-------------------------
Avimelech said to Abraham >God is with you in all you do<(Gn21-22
Rashi cites 3 verses to show that God was >with Abraham<
--Abraham had a child at 100 (Gn21-05)
--Abraham won a difficult war (Gn14 and Gn15)
--Abraham saved his nephew from captivity(Gn19-21)
METHOD 6: CROSS REFERENCES THAT EXPLAIN A WORD
----------------------------------------------
One of Rabbi Ishmaels rules is that >If a class of verses
has ONE EXCEPTIONAL verse then the exception in that verse
is INHERITED and ATTRIBUTED to all the other verses<
For example in about 6 verses (Nu04-02, Nu10-02 etc)
the Candellabrah is said to be produced >HARD<. However
in one verse, Ex25-36 it says >the arms of the Menorah will
come out from it, it shall be one HARD piece<. Thus we learn
that the word >HARD< means >Sculptored from one peace< (vs
say being >soldered<).
REFERENCES
==========
Material for this module came from
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ov.htm We are replacing this page
with this summary.
Before presenting the 4 dozen examples we note how important this
unit is. More than any other technique, the method of OTHER
VERSES is capable of producing Torah Scholars. Indeed, on Passover
night, the night dedicated to education, we read the Passover
Haggadah. But half the Passover Hagaddah is based on the
interpretation of Dt26-05:09 which uses exclusively the technique
of >OTHER VERSES<. Thus we see that the best technique to
introduce children to education is to CROSS REFERENCE. The reason
for this is obvious--CROSS REFERENCING is an EASY but basic
technique that everyone can master.
---GRAND SUMMARY---
METHOD 1: CROSS REFERENCING CITATIONS--Here is an example
----------------------------------------------------------
Dt26-18a says >And God SAID He will make you a TREASURED NATION<
Rashis cites Ex19-05 where it says >& you'll be to me TREASURED<
Thus Rashi is confirming the CITATION.
The verses in this example always have the words >AS IT SAYS<
and thus require a cross reference
---------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE # VERSE TEXT OF VERSE VERSE:
Refers to Book The actual verse concludes This verse
Example #s Chapter >AS IT SAYS< which confirms the
in Rashi Verse requires cross referencing cross
Yomi OTHER reference
series
========== ======== ========================== ==============
EXAMPLE 9 Dt19-08a God will give us more land Gn15-19:21
EXAMPLE 7 Dt18-02d Levites will not inherit Nu18-20
EXAMPLE 8 Dt26-18a Jews will be TREASURED Ex19-05
EXAMPLE 10 Dt26-19a Jews will be HOLY Lv20-26
EXAMPLE 18 Gn21-01c God gave Sarah a child Gn17-19
EXAMPLE 25 Ex12-25b God will give us Israel Ex06-08
METHOD 2: CROSS REFERENCING PROCEDURES
--------------------------------------
Lv14-13a says >slaughter the guilt offering where the elevation
offering is slaughtered<
Lv01-11 says >slaugher the elevation offering in the NORTHERN
part of the ALTAR<
Thus Rashi clarifies the verse by cross referencing the procedure
-----------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE # VERSE TEXT OF VERSE: VERSE:
Refers to Book The actual verse states This verse
Example #s Chapter >Do this procedure where describes
in Rashi Verse the OTHER procedure is done< the OTHER
Yomi OTHER Hence this requires cross- procedure
series referecing
========== ======== ================================= ===========
EXAMPLE 12 Lv04-26a Offer its fat like peace offering Lv03-12:17
EXAMPLE 13 Lv04-31a Remove fat like sin offering Lv03-12:17
EXAMPLE 14 Lv04-35a Remove fat like Peace offering Lv03-06:11
EXAMPLE 21 Lv04-24a Slaughter in SAME PLACE as OLAH Lv01-11
EXAMPLE 5 Lv14-13a slaughter in SAME PLACE as OLAH Lv01-11
METHOD 3: CLARIFYING WITH A SIMILAR VERSE WITH MORE DETAILS
-----------------------------------------------------------
Nu36-08a speaks about >a daughter who inherits<
Nu27-08 clarifies with details how this could happen
>If a person has no son then his daughter inherits him<
Thus Rashi clarifies with a non cited cross reference.
---------------------------------------------------------------
E VERSE Text of verse: OTHER These are
X Book Verse makes a VERSE the FURTHER
A Chapter general statement. that DETAILS that
M Verse Rashi adds DETAIL gives come from the
P by citing more OTHER VERSE
L another verse detail
E
#
== ======== ======================== ========= ================
22 Lv01-05a Slaughter Sacrifice 2Chr30-17 A Levite Can
43 Ex17-10b Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son*1
44 Ex35-30a Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son*1
45 Ex24-14c Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son*1
1 Dt26-05d A FEW Jews came to Egypt Gn46-27 70 people came*2
4 Nu36-08a A daughter who inherits Nu27-08 If no son
20 Gn21-23b I treated you nicely Gn20-15 I gave you land
23 Dt33-09a Didnt know parents Ex32-25:28 Killed Relatives
24 Dt33-09b He obeyed orders Ex32-27:28 kill relatives*3
38 Lv23-08a Give sacrifices to Fires Nu28-19 Give Oxen,....*4
39 Dt25-13b Dont have big stones Lv19-36 Big stone weights
40 Dt11-25a No one will stand to you Dt07-23:24 No survivors*5
3 Nu01-53a Watch temple so no anger Nu16,17*6 Korach rebellion
6 Dt11-25e No one will stand to you Ex23-27 Ill scare them
27 Gn26-05e because ABRAHAM OBEYED Gn22-18*7 He offered Isaac
46 Lv10-03a Rligious death snctifies Ex29-43*8 Justice Emphasis
Nu Gn46-04a I-ll raise you from Egyp Gn50-13 For burial*9
NOTES
-----
*1 1Ch2-18:19 mentions explicitly that Chur was Kalevs son.
1Ch2-18:19 also speaks about a man marrying somebody who
gave birth to his wife! Rashi in Chronicles suggests the
reasonable interpretation that the mother died on the
operating table and the father named his new daughter
after his deceased wife (Hence his wife gave birth >to
his wife< since she had the same name).
Chazal give a more homiletic interpretation that Kalev
was married to Miryam who was considered dead since she
was leprous. Since Kalev nursed her back to health and
stayed with her he is considered as if he >RENEWED HER
LIFE< and gave birth to her.
Since Rashi on Chronicles contradicts Rashi on Chumash
I assume he didnt fully accept the Midrash that Miryam
was Churs mother. Nevertheless Rashi cited it to show
the broad spectrum of interpretation (Rashi will sometimes
cite one explanation and let teachers pave thru the other
explanations). On the Chronicle verse there are 5
alternative explanations.
Be that as it may everyone agrees that the driving force
behind Rashi is the OTHER VERSE.
*2 As mentioned earlier this type of example is the basis
of the Passover Hagaddah. Cross referencing is the most
basic type of research but nevertheless can be done by
everybody. Such research would enable a proliferation of
Torah scholars.
*3 The Malbim cites Ex32-27:28. Rashi cites Ex20-03. So Levi
both listened to Gods will not to worship idols as well
as to Moses order to kill relatives.
*4 This example properly belongs in te Rabbi Ishmael series
on contradictory verses. In this case we resolve the
two contradictory verses using the method of MODALITY.
It is INITIALLY required to offer OXEN, LAMBS and GOATS
as described in Nu28-19. However if you say only had
OXEN then you shouldn't say >Since I cant bring all of
them together I will not bring any of them<. Rather
you should follow the law in Lv23-08 that says >OFFER
TO THE FIRE< (In other words >OFFER WHATEVER YOU CAN<)
*5 The point here is that Dt07-23:24 is stated in a CLIMACTIC
manner:
--God will give you the >NATIONS<
--God will give you their >KINGS<
--You will erase their >NATIONAL NAME<
--There will be >NO SURVIVORS<
(The principle of CLIMAX demands that the last phrase be
interpreted to refer to SURVIVORS even though it literally
only says >No man will stand before you< which could have
many meanings)
Once we learn that >no man will stand before you< refers
to >survivors< (because of the principle of CLIMAX) we
then transfer that translation to Dt11-25a.
*6 Thus the Korach rebellion gives details on HOW ANGRY God
would get if the Levites or Priests had their jobs inteferred
with
*7 THe exact same phrase >Because Abraham obeyed my voiceI will sanctify myself with WEIGHT< while
Lv10-03 says >I will sanctify myself with those CLOSE to me<
The 2 verses and the incident that happened---that Aaron the
High Priests sons died because they did something improper
shows that God rules by Justice without favoritism to close
ones. This makes people appreciate Gods honor and weight and
respect him more
*9 God, in Gn46-04 promises to
- be with Jacob as he goes from Canaan to Egypt
- raise Jacob from Egypt to Canaan
But we find that Jacob died in Egypt and never went back
up to Canaan? An OTHER VERSE (Gn50-13) clarifies HOW
GOD HELPED JACOB TO BACK FROM EGYPT TO CANAAN. God helped
bring Jacob back to Canaan FOR HIS BURIAL!!
METHOD 4: MODIYING A VERSES MEANING THRU OTHER VERSES
-----------------------------------------------------
Gn35-22a says that >Reuven slept with Bilhah<
But Gn49-04 says that >Reuven only played with his fathers bedS<
Thus Gn49-04 suggests that it is legitimate to reinterpret
Gn35-22 as meaning >Reuven inteferred with his fathers married
life and therefore the BIble regards it as if he slept with his
fathers maid< Thus by bringing the OTHER VERSE Rashi allows us
to reinterpret the verse.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
E TEXT OF VERSE MODIFICATION OTHER
X This verse seems to This is the VERSE
A say one thing. change in This
M However the OTHER interpretation other
P VERSE will force of the verse
L us to change or previous justifies
E modify this meaning verse. the new
# VERSE interpretation
== ======== ===================== ============== ==============
11 Ex13-18c Jews left Egypt armed ARMED=20% left Ex13-17 *1
47 Gn27-42a Rivkah was told Thru prophecy Gn27-41 *2
48 Ex32-05c And aaron saw Saw Chrs death Ex32-17:18*3
2 Gn35-22a Ruben slept with Blhah Ruffled beds Gn49-04 *4
41 Ex28-34a Bells BETWEEN fruit BETWEEN Ex28-33:34*5
42 Ex28-33c Bells BETWEEN fruit BETWEEN Ex28-33:34*5
49 Ex02-14a Moses killed Egyptian Justified Ex02-11:12*6
50 Ex02-12b Moses killed Egyptian Justified Ex02-11:12*6
51 Ex02-12a Moses killed Egyptian Justified Ex02-11:12*6
NOTES
=====
*1 Ex13-17 says Jews were afraid of war. So God wouldnt have
armed them. Therefore we interpret verse >An ARMFUL
of JEWS LEFT Egypt< even though this interpretation
of ARMED (as ARMFUL) is nonstandard.
*2 Previous verse explicitly says >And Esauv THOUGHT TO HIMSELF<
Hence we interpret >And Rivkah was told< as >Rivkah was told
thru prophecy<
*3 Ex32-17:18 explicitly says that Moses >heard not WAR CRIES
and not MOURNING CRIES but TORTURE CRIES< from which we
infer that someone was murdered.
*4 Gn49-04 explicitly says >For you PLAYED with your fathers
BEDS< It is the PLURAL BEDS that gives rise to the
reinterpretation that Reuven ruffled his fathers bedspreads
so as to prevent his from living with his fathers maid(and
insulting Leah who was a full fledged wife).
There are still problems with Gn35-22 but the driving force
behind Rashi is the EXPLICIT OTHER VERSE
*5 The point here is that the Hebrew >Tauv-Vauv-Coph< can
equally mean >INSIDE< or >BETWEEN< Thus the verse could
either mean >Bells INSIDE the POMEGRANATES< or
>BELLS BETWEEN THE POMEGRANATES<.
But the very next verse says >A Bell **AND** POMEGRANATE
a bell AND pomegranate< showing that they were one BESIDE
the other (so that the pomegranate fruits were between
the bells).
A further proof is repeating KEYWORD >SURROUNDING<. This
keyword gives a bullet like effect showing that all
items were SURROUNDING the garment hem (and none were
inside others).
---make pomegranates SURROUNDING the hem
---make bells SURROUNDING
---BELLS and POMEGRANATES SURROUNDING
This seems to decide the Rashi-Ramban controversy in favor
of Rashi. Further details were given in the main posting.
*6 The point is that Ex02-11:13 presents two fights
Each one sheds light on the other. Thus the OTHER VERSE
here is the OTHER FIGHT
We use the principle of CLIMAX to analyze the first fight
---Moses went out to study JEWISH SUFFERING
---Moses saw an Egyptian beating a Jew
---He saw this side and that side
---& Realized that the egyptian was not behaving like a mensch
---so he killed him
So we see that Moses first >felt the Egyptian out<. Moses
realized thru spiritual insight that the person was a
tramp. This helped Moses realize who was right and wrong
and led to Moses killing the Egyptian.
The next day he also went out and
---he also saw a fight
---he also investigated sides: >Why do you hit each other<
---The person answered >Who made you a judge--are
you going to feel me out to kill me the way you killed the
Egyptian<
Thus the driving force behind Rashi are the two stories that
shed light on each other.
(In the main posting we show that the phrase >And he SAW THAT
he wasnt a mensch< follows Biblical style. If you are looking
to see if anybody is around and dont find anybody you would
say >He saw AND BEHOLD no one was there<. However when
something is noticed spontaneously (as thru intuition) the
style is >SAW THAT<.(This principle is justified thru 2
dozen Biblical examples)
So the fact that >SAW THAT< is used vs >SAW, BEHOLD< shows
that Moses spontaneously noticed something >There was no
MAN there< . We translated this as >he wasnt a mensch<
Rashi suggests a further nuance-->No good descendants would
come out of him<
Either way the point is that Moses realized that the Egyptian
was wrong and had to be killed.
For further details see the main posting. In that posting
we discuss the Rashi Ramban controversy and show that Ramban
disagreed with Commentators on Rashi not on Rashi himself.
METHOD 5: MULTIPLE PROOFS
-------------------------
Avimelech said to Abraham >God is with you in all you do<(Gn21-22
Rashi cites 3 verses to show that God was >with Abraham<
--Abraham had a child at 100 (Gn21-05)
--Abraham won a difficult war (Gn14 and Gn15)
--Abraham saved his nephew from captivity(Gn19-21)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
E
X TEXT OF VERSE
A Rashi gives
M multiple proofs & cross
P references
L These Rashi make excellent
E Quiz and student research
Projects
# VERSE VERSE1 VERSE2 VERSE3
== ======== ============================= ======= ======= =======
19 Gn21-22a God is with you in all you do Gn21-05 Gn14-15 Gn19-21
36 Ex06-03 God appeared as Shadai Gn17-01 Gn35-11
37 Ex06-04b God promised Israel to us Gn17-08 Gn35-11 Gn26-03
METHOD 6: CROSS REFERENCES THAT EXPLAIN A WORD
----------------------------------------------
One of Rabbi Ishmaels rules is that >If a class of verses
has ONE EXCEPTIONAL verse then the exception in that verse
is INHERITED and ATTRIBUTED to all the other verses<
For example in about 6 verses (Nu04-02, Nu10-02 etc)
the Candellabrah is said to be produced >HARD<. However
in one verse, Ex25-36 it says >the arms of the Menorah will
come out from it, it shall be one HARD piece<. Thus we learn
that the word >HARD< means >Sculptored from one peace< (vs
say being >soldered<).
-------------------------------------------------------------
E VERSE OBJECT What does the OTHER OTHER
X Book What object VERSE teach us VERSE
A Chapter is the Bible about the object This is
M Verse speaking about the only
P verse
L where
E this
detail
# is
mentioned
===== ======== ================ ==================== =========
EX 28 Nu04-02b The Candellabrah Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
Ex 29 Nu10-02e The Trumpets Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
EX 30 Ex25-18b The Ark Covering Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
EX 31 Ex25-18c The Ark Covering Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
EX 32 Ex25-31a The Candellabrah Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
EX 33 Ex25-31b The Candellabrah Make it SCULPTORED*1 Ex25-36
EX 34 Lv09-07d calf 1 year old calf*2 Lv09-03
EX 35 Ex14-24d Confusion Noise war tactic*3 Ps18-15
NOTES
-----
*1 The Bible in all these verses says that the utensil should
be made >HARD<. The Bible never explains what >HARD< means
However in one verse, Ex25-36 it explains that >The
candellabrah shall have its arms COMING OUT OF ITS BODY, ONE
HARD PIECE OF PURE GOLD<. Thus this verse teaches us that
the Candellabrah had to be one sculptored piece (vs soldered)
*2 Lv09-03 is the only verse that specifies that a calf should
be ONE YEAR old; from this verse we infer that all calfs
mention in the Bible should be one year old
*3 Many wars mention the CONFUSION TECHNIQUE. However in one
war (Ps18-15) the Bible identifies this technique with
the use of LOUD NOISES to confuse the enemy. Hence we infer
that the CONFUSION technique always uses loud noises.