The 10 RashiYomi Rules
Their presence in Rashis on Parshath ChaYaY SaRaH
Volume 17, Number 10
This weeks Weekly Rashi with Hebrew/English source tables
will be accessible, on Sunday, at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rule1710.htm
(c) RashiYomi Incorporated, Dr. Hendel, President, Nov 18, 2011
Visit the Rashi website http://www.Rashiyomi.com

The goal of this Weekly Rashi Digest is to use the weekly Torah portion to expose students at all levels to the ten major methods of commentary used by Rashi. It is hoped that continual weekly exposure to these ten major methods will enable students of all levels to acquire a familiarity and facility with the major exegetical methods. Although I frequently use my own English translations of biblical verses and Rashi comments, the Hebrew and English translations in the source tables are derived from online parshah files at chabad.org who in turn acknowledges the Judaica Press Complete Tanach, copyright by Judaica Press.

    1. RASHI METHOD: REFERENCES
    BRIEF EXPLANATION: Commentary on a verse is provided thru a cross-reference to another verse. The cross references can either provide
    • (1a) further details,
    • (1b) confirm citations, or
    • (1c) clarify word meaning.
    This examples applies to Rashis Gn23-02a
    URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w34n19.htm;
    Brief Summary: The COUNTY OF 4 (Gn23-02) refers to the county of a) the 4 giants ( or b) the 4 couples buried there (Nu13-22).

Verse Gn23-02a
Hebrew Verse וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה בְּקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַיָּבֹא אַבְרָהָם לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה וְלִבְכֹּתָהּ:
English Verse And Sarah died in Kiriath arba, which is Hebron, in the land of Canaan, and Abraham came to eulogize Sarah and to bewail her.
Rashi Header Hebrew בקרית ארבע
Rashi Text Hebrew על שם ארבע ענקים שהיו שם אחימן ששי ותלמי ואביהם. דבר אחר על שם ארבעה זוגות שנקברו שם איש ואשתו אדם וחוה, אברהם ושרה, יצחק ורבקה, יעקב ולאה:
Rashi Header Enlish in Kiriath-arba
Rashi Text English lit. the city of the four. So named because of the four giants who were there: Ahiman, Sheshai, Talmai, and their father (Gen. Rabbah from Num. 13:23). Another explanation: Because of the four couples that were buried there, man and wife: Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Leah (Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer , ch. 20).

    Verse(s) Gn23-02 discussing that Chevron is also named the County of four states And Sarah died in the county of 4-- the same is Hebron--in the land of Canaan; and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. Rashi clarifies the underlined words the county of 4 by referencing verse(s) Nu13-22 which states And they ascended by the south, and came to Chevron;
    1. where Ahiman,
    2. Sheshai, and
    3. Talmai,
    4. the sons of Anak [giant], were.
    Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.
    Hence the Rashi comment: Chevron is called the County of 4 because of the 4 giants that lived there: Anak the giant and his 3 sons.

Text of Target verse Gn23-02 Text of Reference Verse Nu13-22
And Sarah died in the county of 4-- the same is Hebron--in the land of Canaan; and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. And they ascended by the south, and came to Chevron;
  1. where Ahiman,
  2. Sheshai, and
  3. Talmai,
  4. the sons of Anak [giant], were.
Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.
Rashi comments: Chevron is called the County of 4 because of the 4 giants that lived there: Anak the giant and his 3 sons.

Advanced Rashi: Rashi gives a supplemental explanation: Chevron is called the County of 4 because of the 4 couples that are buried there: (1) Abraham and Sarah, (2) Isaac and Rivkah, (3) Jacob and Leah and (4) Adam and Eve.

It is a common theme in language that when a word has an initial etymology then that word will acquire additional similar etymologies. For example the word Hebrew means side and refers to Abraham who came from the other side of the river. Later Hebrew acquired a secondary meaning:Abraham was on a different side of the world spiritually. Similarly the County of 4 is named because of the 4 giants. But after a while the name became associated with any 4-ness of the county.

Finally note the subtle point that the Bible only mentions explicitly that 3 couples (the patriarchs) are buried in Chevron. The idea that a 4th couple is buried there - Adam and Eve - is conjecture.

      2. RASHI METHOD: WORD MEANING
      BRIEF EXPLANATION: The meaning of words can be explained either by
      • (2a) translating an idiom, a group of words whose collective meaning transcends the meaning of its individual component words,
      • (2b) explaining the nuances and commonality of synonyms-homographs,
      • (2c) describing the usages of connective words like also,because,if-then, when,
      • (2d) indicating how grammatical conjugation can change word meaning
      • (2e) changing word meaning using the figures of speech common to all languages such as irony and oxymorons.
      This examples applies to Rashis Gn24-44b
      URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w33n5.htm
      Brief Summary: YUD-CAPH-CHETH means TO PROVE: either a) To make a claim against someone (PROVE), or b) make someone change behavior(RE-PROVE)

Verse Gn24-44b
Hebrew Verse וְאָמְרָה אֵלַי גַּם אַתָּה שְׁתֵה וְגַם לִגְמַלֶּיךָ אֶשְׁאָב הִוא הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר הֹכִיחַ יְ־הֹוָ־ה לְבֶן אֲדֹנִי:
English Verse And [if] she will say to me, 'You too may drink, and I will also draw water for your camels,' she is the woman whom the Lord has designated for my master's son.'
Rashi Header Hebrew הוכיח
Rashi Text Hebrew בירר והודיע, וכן כל הוכחה שבמקרא ברור דבר:
Rashi Header Enlish designated
Rashi Text English [Meaning]: He clarified and made known, and likewise, every expression of הוֹכָחָה in Scripture denotes clarification of a matter.

When Rashi uses the hononym method he takes a single Biblical root and shows an underlying unifying meaning in disparate usages. Very often the unifying meaning may appear to be different than the actual known meanings. Today's example illustrates this.

    The Hebrew Biblical root Yud-Caph-Cheth has a fundamental meaning of demonstration, proof It therefore can either mean
  • Benefit me: To prove a claim in court to win something for myself
  • Benefit other: To re-prove / rebuke someone and force him to change his behavior.

    The following two verses illustrate these two different meanings prove, reprove which however come from a fundamental unifying meaning of prove.
  • Proving Claim - benefiting me: Gn24-44 states and she shall say to me: Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels; that is women that God has proven for my master. [Below, using the Fill-in method, Rule #9, we will show how Rivkah providing water is a proof from God that she is Isaac's true wife. Roughly, Isaac is a charitable person and therefore if a woman provided food to a slave she is proven charitable and is worthy for Isaac.]
  • Re-prove another person: Gn21-25 states And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of the well of water, which Abimelech's servants had violently taken away.

Advanced Rashi: Notice the English treatment prove - reprove analogous to the Hebrew dual meaning of Yud-Caph-Ceth. Such English - Hebrew dualities are important and enrich the Rashi experience. They show underlying deep conceptual structure independent of language.

      3. RASHI METHOD: GRAMMAR
      BRIEF EXPLANATION: Rashi explains verses using grammar principles, that is, rules which relate reproducable word form to word meaning. Grammatical rules neatly fall into 3 categories
      • (a) the rules governing conjugation of individual words,Biblical roots,
      • (b) the rules governing collections of words,clauses, sentences
      • (c) miscellaneous grammatical, or form-meaning, rules.
      This examples applies to Rashis Gn24-37a
      URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w33n5.htm
      Brief Summary: Gn24-37:38 is a single sentence spanning multiple verses: Don't take a Canaanite wife for my son unless you first try and fail to obtain a wife from my family.

Verse Gn24-37a
Hebrew Verse וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי אֲדֹנִי לֵאמֹר לֹא תִקַּח אִשָּׁה לִבְנִי מִבְּנוֹת הַכְּנַעֲנִי אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי יֹשֵׁב בְּאַרְצוֹ:
English Verse And my master adjured me, saying, 'You shall not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell.
Rashi Header Hebrew לא תקח אשה לבני מבנות הכנעני
Rashi Text Hebrew אם לא תלך תחלה אל בית אבי ולא תאבה ללכת אחריך:
Rashi Header Enlish You shall not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites
Rashi Text English unless you first go to my father’s house, and she will not wish to follow you.

The multi-verse rule states that a single sentence may span several verses. sentence. Rashi facilitates understanding the multi-verse nature by smoothing out the multi-verse nature by emphasizing or inserting smoothing connective words.

    Gn24-37:41 is such a multi-verse. It states: And my master made me swear, saying:
  • Thou shalt not take a wife for my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell.
  • Unless thou shalt go unto my father's house, and to my kindred, and take a wife for my son.
  • then shalt thou be clear from my oath, when thou comest to my kindred;
  • if they give her not to thee, thou shalt be clear from my oath.

  • Rashi's whole purpose is to explain the multi-verse nature.
  • Initially: Don't initially take a Canaanite wife; but rather initially go to my family.
  • If they don't give her to you then you are free from this prohibition.

      4. RASHI METHOD: ALIGNMENT
      BRIEF EXPLANATION: Aligning two almost identically worded verselets can suggest
      • (4a) 2 cases of the same incident or law
      • (4b) emphasis on the nuances of a case
      • (4c) use of broad vs literal usage of words
      This examples applies to Rashis Gn25-18a
      URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w34n19.htm
      Brief Summary: The Arabs DWELT all over while Ishmael was alive; The Arabas FELL all over after Ishmael's death.

    Verse Gn25-18a
    Hebrew Verse וַיִּשְׁכְּנוּ מֵחֲוִילָה עַד שׁוּר אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם בֹּאֲכָה אַשּׁוּרָה עַל פְּנֵי כָל אֶחָיו נָפָל:
    English Verse And they dwelt from Havilah to Shur, which borders on Egypt, going towards Asshur; before all his brothers he dwelt.
    Rashi Header Hebrew נפל
    Rashi Text Hebrew שכן, כמו (שופטים ז יב) מדין ועמלק וכל בני קדם נופלים בעמק. כאן הוא אומר לשון נפילה, ולהלן הוא אומר על פני כל אחיו ישכון (לעיל טז יב), עד שלא מת אברהם ישכון, משמת אברהם נפל:
    Rashi Header Enlish he dwelt
    Rashi Text English [נָפָל means] “he dwelt” as in (Jud. 7: 12):“Now the Midianites and the Amalekites and all those of the East dwelt (נֹפְלִים) in the valley.” Here Scripture uses the term נְפִילָה, (falling), whereas there (above 16:12) it states:“And before all his brothers he will dwell (יִשְׁכֹּן) .” Before Abraham died, “he dwelt” ; after Abraham died,“he fell.” - [Gen. Rabbah 62:5]

    The table below presents an aligned extract of verses or verselets in Gn25-18a, Gn16-12 Both verses/verselets discuss that Arabs dwell all over the world. The alignment justifies the Rashi comment that: While Ishmael was alive the Arabs were more respected and hence are described as dwelling all over. However after Ishmael's death the Arabs were less respected and hence are described as falling all over. (Falling is a more pejorative term then dwelling.)

    Verse Text of Verse Rashi comment
    Gn16-11:12 And the angel of the Lord said to her, Behold, you are with child, and shall bear a son, and shall call his name Ishmael; because the Lord has heard your affliction. And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every manÆs hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brothers. While Ishmael was alive the Arabs were more respected and hence are described as dwelling all over. However after Ishmael's death the Arabs were less respected and hence are described as falling all over. (Falling is a more pejorative term then dwelling.)
    Gn25-16:18a These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their towns, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their nations. And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, a hundred and thirty seven years; and he expired and died; and was gathered to his people. And they lived from Havilah to Shur, that is before Egypt, as you go toward Assyria; and he fell in the presence of all his brothers.

        6. RASHI METHOD: STYLE
        Rashi examines how rules of style influences inferences between general and detail statements in paragraphs.
        • Example: Every solo example stated by the Bible must be broadly generalized;
        • Theme-Detail: A general principle followed by an example is interpreted restrictively---the general theme statement only applies in the case of the example;
        • Theme-Detail-Theme: A Theme-Detail-Theme unit is interpreted as a paragraph. Consequently the details of the paragraph are generalized so that they are seen as illustrative of the theme.
        This examples applies to Rashis Gn23-01b
        URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w34n19.htm
        Brief Summary: SARAHS LIFE - had 3 stages - SARAHS LIFE (One unified life with 3 aspects).

    Verse Gn23-01a
    Hebrew Verse וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה מֵאָה שָׁנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי שָׂרָה:
    English Verse And the life of Sarah was one hundred years and twenty years and seven years; [these were] the years of the life of Sarah.
    Rashi Header Hebrew ויהיו חיי שרה מאה שנה ועשרים שנה ושבע שנים
    Rashi Text Hebrew לכך נכתב שנה בכל כלל וכלל, לומר לך שכל אחד נדרש לעצמו, בת מאה כבת עשרים לחטא, מה בת עשרים לא חטאה, שהרי אינה בת עונשין, אף בת מאה בלא חטא, ובת עשרים כבת שבע ליופי:
    Rashi Header Enlish And the life of Sarah was one hundred years and twenty years and seven years
    Rashi Text English The reason that the word “years” was written after every digit is to tell you that every digit is to be expounded upon individually: when she was one hundred years old, she was like a twenty-year-old regarding sin. Just as a twenty-year-old has not sinned, because she is not liable to punishment, so too when she was one hundred years old, she was without sin. And when she was twenty, she was like a seven-year-old as regards to beauty. — from Gen. Rabbah 58:1]

    Certain Biblical paragraphs are stated in a Theme-Development-Theme form. In other words a broad general idea is stated first followed by the development of this broad general theme in specific details. The paragraph-like unit is then closed with a repetition of the broad theme. The Theme-Detail-Theme form creates a unified paragraph. The detailed section of this paragraph is therefore seen as an extension of the general theme sentences. Today's example illustrates this as shown immediately below.

      Verse Gn23-01b discussing Sarah's life states states
      • General Theme: This is the life of Sarah
      • Detail:
        • The 100-year life [maturity],
        • The 20-year life [the young-adult life]
        • The 7-year life [innocence]
      • General: The years of Sarah's life

    Rashi comments on the Theme-Detail-Theme form which creates the illusion of an entire paragraph. Although her life had 3 distinct aspects - maturity, young-adulthood, innocence - nevertheless these 3 aspects were illustrative of her life as a whole. That is her life had a unified theme of personal-fulfillment and growth.

    Advanced Rashi: We have not explained why we translated the verse as the 100 year life, the 20 year life, the 7 year life. This is in fact the subject of another Rashi. We are simply not covering it today. However it will be justified, possibly next year. We also seem to have taken sides on what the 100 year, 20 year and 7 year life mean. There is considerable controversy among Rashi-ists on this point. We will explain this also next year. Right now, we are focusing on the general-theme-General form which justifies that the three stages be nevertheless perceived as aspects of one whole life.

        7. RASHI METHOD: FORMATTING
        BRIEF EXPLANATION:Inferences from Biblical formatting: #NAME?
        • Use of repetition to indicate formatting effects: bold,italics,...;
        • use of repeated keywords to indicate a bullet effect;
        • rules governing use and interpretation of climactic sequence;
        • rules governing paragraph development and discourse
        This example applies to Rashis Gn24-67b
        URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rule1314.htm
        Brief Summary: The mother-child relationship is taken over by the wife after the mothers death. A wife functions both as co-spouse, mother, and disciple.

    Verse Gn24-67b
    Hebrew Verse וַיְבִאֶהָ יִצְחָק הָאֹהֱלָה שָׂרָה אִמּוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת רִבְקָה וַתְּהִי לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַיֶּאֱהָבֶהָ וַיִּנָּחֵם יִצְחָק אַחֲרֵי אִמּוֹ:
    English Verse And Isaac brought her to the tent of Sarah his mother, and he took Rebecca, and she became his wife, and he loved her. And Isaac was comforted for [the loss of] his mother.
    Rashi Header Hebrew אחרי אמו
    Rashi Text Hebrew דרך ארץ כל זמן שאמו של אדם קיימת כרוך הוא אצלה, ומשמתה הוא מתנחם באשתו:
    Rashi Header Enlish for…his mother
    Rashi Text English It is the way of the world that, as long as a person’s mother is alive, he is attached to her, but as soon as she dies, he finds comfort in his wife. — [Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer, ch. 32.]

      The Formatting rule includes the methods of writing consecutive paragraph or sentences. Just as a paragraph is a collection of sentences unified by a topic sentence and developed by supporting sentences, so too, a chapter very often has a theme that is developed by a skillfully sequenced set of paragraphs. Rashi knew of 3 methods of writing consecutive paragraphs
      • Cause-effect: The second paragraph is the effect of the first paragraph. The first paragraph is the cause of the second paragraph.
      • Contrast: The two paragraphs illustrate contrasting sides of a theme.
      • Unified theme: The two or more paragraphs illustrate a common theme. For example a common theme may be illustrated by a sequence of paragraphs each of which exemplifies and illustrates the theme idea.
      The above three principles indicate methods for paragraph development into chapters as well as method for sentence development into paragraphs.

    We formerly classified paragraph and chapter development under the grammar rule. However we think it more proper to devote the grammar rule to the relation between meaning and form, for example how verb conjugational forms indicates meaning. As indicated above the formatting rule governs use of sequence to indicate climax and paragraph sequencing.

      Rashi on Gn24-67b explains the sequence in two paragraphs/sentences indicating a cause-effect relationship.
    • Gn24-67b. And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her.
    • Gn24-67b And Isaac was comforted for his mother.

    Advanced Rashi: Rashi can be further understood with the following Zohar: In a mature husband-wife relationship the wife functions in three ways: a) as co-spouse, b) maternally (caring and nuturing) and c) as student and disciple. So I think Rashi's intent here is that Rivkah assumed the maternal caring role of Sarah and consequently since someone else is caring for him - in those situations where caring was needed - therefore, he was comforted on his mother's deat.

        8. RASHI METHOD: DATABASES
        BRIEF EXPLANATION:Rashi makes inferences from Database queries. The precise definition of database query has been identified in modern times with the 8 operations of Sequential Query Language (SQL).

        This example applies to Rashis Gn24-52a
        URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w34n19.htm
        Brief Summary: BOWING in the Bible symbolizes to 4 things: a) Thanks b) Acknowledgement of power c) Greeting d) Worship

    Verse Gn24-52a
    Hebrew Verse וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע עֶבֶד אַבְרָהָם אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶם וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אַרְצָה לַי־הֹוָ־ה:
    English Verse Now it came to pass when Abraham's servant heard their words, that he prostrated himself on the ground to the Lord.
    Rashi Header Hebrew וישתחו ארצה
    Rashi Text Hebrew מכאן שמודים על בשורה טובה:
    Rashi Header Enlish that he prostrated himself on the ground
    Rashi Text English From here [we learn] that we must give thanks for good tidings.

      We ask the following database query: What does bowing symbolically affirm in the Bible? The reader is encouraged to perform the query using a standard Biblical Konnkordance or search engine. This database query yields the list below. The list justifies the following Rashi inference: Bowing can symbolically affirm 4 items:
      1. A greeting of 'Hello.'
      2. Expression of Thanks
      3. Acknowledgement of Power
      4. Worship
      The list below presents the results of the database query and shows examples.

    Meaning of Bowing A Supportive Verse Text of Verse
    Greeting of Hello Ex18-07 And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed down and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent
    Expression of Thanks Gn24-52 And it came to pass, that, when Abraham's servant heard their words, he bowed himself down to the earth unto the LORD
    Acknowledgement of Power Gn37-10 he told it to his father, and to his brethren; and his father rebuked him, and said unto him: 'What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down to thee to the earth?'
    Worship Ex24-01 And unto Moses He said: 'Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and bow ye afar off;

        9. RASHI METHOD: NonVerse
        BRIEF EXPLANATION: The common denominator of the 3 submethods of the NonVerse method is that inferences are made from non textual material. The 3 submethods are as follows:
        • Spreadsheet: Rashi makes inferences of a numerical nature that can be summarized in a traditional spreadsheet
        • Geometric: Rashi clarifies a Biblical text using descriptions of geometric diagrams
        • Fill-ins: Rashi supplies either real-world background material or indicates real-world inferences from a verse. The emphasis here is on the real-world, non-textual nature of the material.
        This examples applies to Rashis Gn22-44b
        URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w33n5.htm
        Brief Summary: Seeing a charitable woman PROVES that she is Isaac's wife to be, since CHARITABLE men need CHARITABLE wives.

    Verse Gn24-44b
    Hebrew Verse וְאָמְרָה אֵלַי גַּם אַתָּה שְׁתֵה וְגַם לִגְמַלֶּיךָ אֶשְׁאָב הִוא הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר הֹכִיחַ יְ־הֹוָ־ה לְבֶן אֲדֹנִי:
    English Verse And [if] she will say to me, 'You too may drink, and I will also draw water for your camels,' she is the woman whom the Lord has designated for my master's son.'
    Rashi Header Hebrew הוכיח
    Rashi Text Hebrew בירר והודיע, וכן כל הוכחה שבמקרא ברור דבר:
    Rashi Header Enlish designated
    Rashi Text English [Meaning]: He clarified and made known, and likewise, every expression of הוֹכָחָה in Scripture denotes clarification of a matter.

    Verse Gn24-44b discussing how Eliezer would recognize a future wife for Isaac states and she shall say to me: Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels; she is the woman whom God has proven for my master's son. Rashi's task is to explain how Rivkah's offering of water to Eliezer and his camels proves she is Isaac's future wife: Rashi solves this problem, not by citing verses, but by Filling in with logical and world facts. Rashi argues that Charitable men need charitable wives. Hence a woman who gave water to Eliezer and his camels was charitable and worthy of being Isaac's wife. Here Rashi uses a fill in method to explain why provision of water is a proof. This is typical of the fill in method.

        10. RASHI METHOD: SYMBOLISM
        BRIEF EXPLANATION: Rashi provides symbolic interpretations of words, verses, and chapters. Rashi can symbolically interpret either
        • (10a) entire Biblical chapters such as the gifts of the princes, Nu-07
        • (10b) individual items, verses and words
        The rules governing symbolism and symbolic interpretation are presented in detail on my website.

        This examples applies to Rashis Gn24-22a Gn24-22b Gn24-22c
        URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn24-22c.htm
        Brief Summary: Eliezer gave three gifts to Rivkah symbolizing three aspects of her personality needed in a good marriage: a) A cheap bracelet = caring about the cheap person; b) dual bracelets = dual - man God - approach c) $10 item = concern about community vs single digit/person.

    Verse Gn24-22a
    Hebrew Verse וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלּוּ הַגְּמַלִּים לִשְׁתּוֹת וַיִּקַּח הָאִישׁ נֶזֶם זָהָב בֶּקַע מִשְׁקָלוֹ וּשְׁנֵי צְמִידִים עַל יָדֶיהָ עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב מִשְׁקָלָם:
    English Verse Now it came about, when the camels had finished drinking, [that] the man took a golden nose ring, weighing half [a shekel], and two bracelets for her hands, weighing ten gold [shekels].
    Rashi Header Hebrew בקע
    Rashi Text Hebrew רמז לשקלי ישראל בקע לגלגלת:
    Rashi Header Enlish half [a shekel]
    Rashi Text English This alludes to the shekels of Israel, half a shekel per head. — [Targum Jonathan]

      Verse Gn24-22c discussing the gifts that Eliezer gave Rivkah states And it came to pass, as the camels finished drinking, that the man took
    • a golden ear ring of half a dollar value, and
    • two bracelets for her hands of
    • ten shekels weight of gold;

      The Rashi symbolic interpretations of these gifts seems strange:
    • a golden ear ring of half a dollar value, [Rashi: corresponding to the Biblical commandment to give a half-dollar]
    • two bracelets for her hands of [Rashi: Corresponding to the 10 commandments given on two stones]
    • ten shekels weight of gold; [Rashi: Corresponding to the 10 commandments]

    This Rashi is strange because it implies that Eliezer is prophesying that Rebekkah will be a matriarch to a people who will receive the 10 commandments and be commanded on the giving of the half-dollar. Rebekkah was in no position to know this at this stage of her life.

      However the Rashi interpretations can be made plausible if we use one simple Rashi rule: Rashi does not speak using abstract concepts but rather Rashi speaks using examples of these concepts. Hence
    • The concept of caring about the little man in the street is symbolized by the half dollar vs. say the $100 bill. The half dollar symbolism is also used in the commandment for every Jew to give a half dolloar symbolizing that all the little people in the nation count. Consequently instead of using the abstract concept of the little man in the street Rashi uses an example of this concept: The commandment to give a half dollar. Here we have used our understanding of Rashi's style to make his commentary plausible.
    • The abstract concept of a dual emphasis on commandments between man-and-man vs. commandments between man-and-God is exemplified by the two tablets containing the ten commandments since one side the ten commandments contains commandments between man-and-God while the other side contains commandments between man-and-man.
    • The abstract concept of community is symbolized by the plural number ten. One example of this is the quorom of people needed for a religious service,10, since the service must be delivered by the community. Another example might be the 10 commandments which contain the basic laws and ethics needed by the community.

      Using this principle that Rashi expresses abstract concepts by using examples of them we can translate the Rashi symbolism into traditional abstract language. Rashi is explaining what Eliezer liked about Rivkah which would make her a good wife for Isaac:
    • a golden ear ring of half a dollar value, [Rashi: She cared about the little man; Eliezer knew this since she gave a slave water to drink]
    • two bracelets for her hands of [Rashi: She had a dual caring about both people and God---since she cared about the person, Eliezer, and also showed caring behavior to his animals(a man-God commandment)
    • ten shekels weight of gold; [Rashi: Corresponding to her concerns for the community since she fed the camels which were presumably carrying commercial loads for community business]

    As shown the Rashi symbolic interpretation is plausible and not far fetched. The sole tool we used to make Rashi plausible is replacing examples by the abstract concepts they exemplify. Rashi was not attributing prophetic knowledge to Rivkah or Eliezer. Rather Rashi was explaining how the events which just happened indictated personality traits desirable in a mate.

    Conclusion

    This week's parshah contains no examples of the Contradiction Rashi method. Visit the RashiYomi website at http://www.Rashiyomi.com for further details and examples.