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#       10 YEAR Ayelet DAILY-RASHI-YOMI CYCLE             #
#                  Feb  17th, 2002                        #
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   =============  HOT ITEMS ================================
   ENGLISH RASHI:       http://www.mnemotrix.com/metsudah
   THE RASHI RULES      http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm
   =========================================================

GOALS:
======
This unit discusses how Hebrew indicates the SUBJUNCTIVE
This unit will ultimately be added to our GRAMMATICAL SERIES

TODAYS UNIT
===========
We present the GRAND SUMMARY on the subjunctive today.

REFERENCE:
==========
New material comes from

http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h12n24.htm
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ex18-15a.htm

FOR OUR SERIES ON GRAMMAR VISIT:
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm

We cover there a variety of grammatical issues such
as construct, gender etc.
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE SUBJUNCTIVE


BACKGROUND
----------
One of Rashis functions is to advise us on grammatical rules.
In this posting Rashi presents rules on unusual grammatical forms
for tenses. Recall the fact that there are 3 basic tenses:
PAST, PRESENT, and FUTURE.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE
---------------
Consider the tense of the verb SEE in the following sentences
----------------------------------------
Upon SEEING a red light, you stop.
When you WILL SEE a red light, you stop.
----------------------------------------

THE RASHI
----------
The verb SEE in these sentences is said to be in the
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Although one sentence seems to be in
the FUTURE (If you WILL SEE) it is nevertheless, not talking
about ONE  event that will happen sometime in the future,
but rather is describing the consequences ANY TIME this
event happens.

THE RULE
---------
Accordingly,
IF
-- we deal with a COMPOUND sentence
-- describing attributes of an ONGOING activity
---or an activity that will be REPEATED frequently
THEN
-- TRANSLATION: The best way to translate this sentence is to use
------the SUBJUNCTIVE (WOULD) or
------a GERUND(Word ending in ING denoting ONGOINGness)
-- CONJUGATION: The best way to write this sentence is to use
either the PAST or FUTURE grammatical form.

THE LIST
--------
The list below contains about a dozen compound sentences
where PAST or FUTURE tenses seem out of place. Rashi translates
these as either the SUBJUNCTIVE or GERUND
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE WITH FUTURE/PAST TRANSLATED AS GERUND
Gn18-19b I explain Sedoms destruction to enable COMMANDINGcharity
Gn24-45a Before my COMPLETING the prayer for her, Rivkah came
Job1-4 Job offered sacrifices SAYING, Maybe my childen sinned
Job1-5 The above procedure WOULD always BE DONE by Job
Gn29-03b until sufficient shepards gather for ROLLING the stone
Ex18-15a Upon COMING to me I advise them of Gods ways *14
Ex18-22a Select reps,JUDGING the people;you try the hard cases*11
Dt02-12A Esauv WILL BE INVOLVED IN THEIR CONQUEST*2
Ex33-07b Moses WOULD pitch tent outside camp for people to come
Ex33-08a When Moses WOULD go out, people WOULD stand for him
Ex33-09a God WOULD speak to Moses face to face like friends*12
Ex33-11a After God WOULD speak with Moses
Ex33-11c Moses WOULD return to the camp*13
COMMENTS
*2  The conquest continued for a long time. Hence the FUTURE
    (WILL CONQUEST) does not refer to a SUBJUNCTIVE (WOULD)
    but rather refers to a GERUND type verb (ONGOING ACTIVITY)
    (The ordinary Future, by contrast, refers to 1 point in
    time)

*11 Rashis actual language is:
    --------------------
   THIS  IS A COMMAND
   --------------------

   This seems to be an error since the verse is translated
   as FUTURE(not COMMAND)
   -----------------------
   THEY WILL ALWAYS JUDGE
   -----------------------

   We can also translate the verse as SUBJUNCTIVE
   -----------------------------------------
   They WOULD JUDGE the nation continuously
   leaving you the hard cases
   -----------------------------------------

*12 Rashi makes 2 points here. First Rashi explains that
   the text is SUBJUNCTIVE (God WOULD speak to Moses)

   Rashi also explains 2 forms of the root to SPEAK
   - SPEAK WITH means a Dialogue between 2 people
   - SPEAK OF means only 1 person does the speaking TO the other

   In this posting we focus on the SUBJUNCTIVE.
   In a future posting we will focus on the two USAGES of SPEAK

*13   On this verse Rashi presents two ideas
   -- a GRAMMATICAL idea: The verse uses the SUBJUNCTIVE
      It should be translated as GOD WOULD SPEAK TO MOSES

   -- a MORAL motif: Moses staying with God was always
      temporary to enable him to go back to the people
      and pray for them.

   Thus when the Midrash states
   -----------------------------------------------
   God told Moses to go back to the Camp. God said:
   Moses--I am angry with them...if you are angry also
   who will intercede for them
   ------------------------------------------------

   The Midrash is not commenting on WHY the Biblical phrase
   YOU WILL RETURN TO THE CAMP is in the future but rather the
   Midrash is supplying a REASON why the verse emphasizes that
   talkings to God were followed by Moses returning to camp

*14 Many other verbs in this Ex18-22:24 are
   subjunctive. Rashi frequently used workbook methdods:
   That is, he commented on one example and let the reader
   fill in the rest. As an exercise you should try and locate
   all subjunctives in Ex18-22:24
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#