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VERSE: Dt04-06c

=========================== Dt04-06c ==========================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.

Rashi will sometimes explain IDIOMS. An IDIOM is a
collection of words, which together means something
different than its component parts. Thus the
IDIOM endows NEW MEANING to the collection of words.
Very often the IDIOMATIC meaning is closely related
to the individual words. We call this the NEW MEANING
submethod of the WORD MEANING method.

EXAMPLE 1: Dt04-06c
-------------------
Verse Dt04-06 states
-----------------------------------
You should
- learn the law
- create safeguards for the law
because you will be INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN for
- your wisdom
- your analytic powers
-----------------------------------

Rashi comments
------------------------------------
The literal Hebrew words in the text
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
IN THE EYES OF THE NATIONS
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
is an IDIOM with a NEW MEANING of

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
------------------------------------


LIST854x below gives other examples of Rashis
explaining IDIOMS, NEW MEANINGS.
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST854x
List of                  Biblical idioms(eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY)
==================================================================

======================= LIST854x ================================
List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854x continues  LIST854d LIST854z LIST854y
=================================================================
VERSE    BIBLICAL PHRASE         TRANSLATION           NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ==========
Dt04-06c IN EYES OF THE NATION   INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN
Nu35-30a BEAT-SOUL               KILL (vs injure)
Nu33-44a DESOLATE PASSOVER       DESOLATE BRIDGE
Nu35-02a Place to let out        OUTSKIRTS
Nu26-02a COUNT BY FATHER'S HOUSE COUNT PATRILINEARLY
Ex18-18c The matter is too HEAVY too MUCH WORK for you like Eng.
Ex15-08a WIND OF NOSE            Anger (nostrils fume)
Ex14-27a TURN OF MORNING         DAWN
Gn47-12a fed according to CHILD  FOOD NEEDS of #CHILDS
Gn46-30a If I could only die     I am so happy         *13 *14
Gn28-15b UNTIL THAT IF....       UNTIL COMPLETION of   *12
Gn24-49a If not I go LEFT/RIGHT  I go to NEARBY people *11
Gn27-16a This will COVER THE EYE Prevent EYEING you    *8
Gn13-03a went by HIS JOURNEYS    Lodged at SAME HOTELS *7
Dt33-14a SUNNED wheat            FULLY RIPE wheat
Dt33-14b Monthly EXPELS          Monthly TURNOVER
Dt33-15a 1st of OLD MOUNTS       VINTAGE ANCIENT MOUNT
Dt33-15b ETERNAL hills           EVERgreen Hills
-------  -------------------     --------------------- -----
Dt32-20b NO-NATION               DESPICABLE nation
Dt32-21c TURNING generation      TURN-A-COATS
Dt17-09a PRIEST-LEVITES          Priests or Levites    *6
-------  -------------------     --------------------- -----
Dt13-13b when you hear a RUMOR   TO BE SAID over&over  *5
Ex35-04a God commandsTo TRANSMIT TO BE SAID over       *5
Nu12-13b Prayed/Demands RESPONSE TO BE SAID back       *5
Nu27-15b Prayed/Demands RESPONSE TO BE SAID back       *5
Ex20-01c God said:Asked RESPONSE Affirm will keep      *5
-------  -------------------     --------------------- -----
Dt12-28b Do the MORAL & PROPER   Spiritual/Social good *4
Dt12-28c Do the MORAL & PROPER   Spiritual/Social good *4
-------  -------------------     --------------------- -----
Nu26-54a MOUTH OF LOTTERY        Closed Jar Lottery    *3
Nu21-20c HEAD OF THE CLIFF       TOP of the CLIFF      *2
Nu13-20b DAYS OF GRAPE 1st FRUIT GRAPE HARVEST SEASON
Nu13-32a Land EATS INHABITANTS   PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND
Lv25-23b Dont STICK THE SALE     Dont sell PERMANANTLY No redeem
Lv26-17a PLACE FACE*1            Total attention/focus to punish
Lv13-12a HEAD to FOOT   Whole body
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD             conceal MURDER

NOTES
-----

*1 Rashi, Lv26-17h points out that the phrase
   -------------
   PLACE MY FACE
   -------------
   means
   --------------
   FULL ATTENTION
   --------------
   whether
   - for good, to reward
   - for bad, to punish.

*2 NOTE: The Hebrew word HEAD can mean both
- BEGINNING
- TOP
   However in this verse
- the HEAD OF THE CLIFF contrasts with
- the VALLEY in MOAB
   Hence HEAD means TOP

*3 A MOUTH LOTTERY refers to a lottery where you stick your
   hand in and select an item WITHOUT BEING ABLE TO SEE THE
   ITEMS (In an open-box lottery you can see what you are
   picking even though you see backs of cards. In a MOUTH
   LOTTERY the box is covered except for a small MOUTH).
   The MOUTH LOTTERY is more secure and fairer.
   Hence the Rashi

   The name MOUTH LOTTERY is because the box has only
   a small mouth preventing you from seeing what is
   inside.
   ---------------------------------------------------
   MOUTH LOTTERY means that the LOTTERY speaks and says
   this belongs to so and so
   ---------------------------------------------------

   Of course, Rashi did not believe that LOTTERIES speak.
   Rather Rashi refers to the SECURITY and FAIRNESS of
   the lottery. In other words
   - MOUTH LOTTERY refers to a small MOUTH on LOTTERY box
     (not to a physical voice on the box)
   - Since the MOUTH LOTTERY is secure it is AS IF it
     screams and points to a correct fair choice

*4 Rashi is NOT explaining the meaning of the INDIVIDUAL WORDS
   - GOOD
   - PROPER
   Indeed, GOOD can mean SOCIALLY GOOD also (See Gn26-29)
   Therefore we have interpreted this Rashi as an example
   of the IDIOM method.

*5 These five examples show various idiomatic meanings of
   the INFINITIVE of the verb TO SAY: TO SAY can mean
   - TO SAY BACK: Request for response
   - TO SAY OVER: To Transmit
   - TO SAY OVER AND OVER: Rumor
   See LIST955m for a separate summary

*6 Thus in Dt18-01
   -------------------------------------
    The PRIEST-LEVITES shall not inherit
    from the conquest of Israel
   -------------------------------------
   the phrase PRIEST-LEVITES means
   PRIESTS OR LEVITES.

   Another occurrence of this phrase
   occurs in Dt17-18.

   In Dt17-09a Rashi does state
   ------------------------------------
   The PRIESTS who are no longer Levites
   ------------------------------------

    But I understand this to mean
   ------------------------------------
   PRIESTS by itself means PRIESTS but
   not Levites while LEVITES by itself
   could mean LEVITES but not Priests--
   PRIEST LEVITES means PRIESTS OR LEVITES*10
   -------------------------------------

*7 Besides the fact that this sounds OK (WENT BY JOURNEYS=
   STAYED BY SAME HOTELS) the verse gives support
   ---------------------------------------------
   HE WENT BY HIS JOURNEYS...UNTIL HE RETURNED
   TO HIS ORIGINAL PLACE WHERE HE BUILT AN ALTAR
   ---------------------------------------------

*8 In other words if
   - the King slept with Sarah and then
   - returned her to Abraham
   perhaps he "had enough of her" and just "wanted to play."

   But if he gives her a monetary gift then
   - it is recognized that a miracle happened and his return
   - is an apology for taking her.
   - Hence the money prevents people EYEING Sarah(looking at
     her as a 'rejected woman.'
   This is covered in two Rashi (Gn20-16a Gn20-16b) which
   are better understood as one Rashi.


--------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------------------

*10 Dt17-09 states
    ---------------------------------------
    [If you have a legal question then]
    ask the PRIEST-LEVITES, the Judges of
    the day
    ---------------------------------------

    The law PREFERS that the great Sanhedrin
    court in Jerusalem consist of PRIESTS.
    Levites are a second choice (and Israelite
    scholars are a third choice).

    So it appears that Rashi's comment
    --------------------------------------
    Priests but not Levites
    --------------------------------------
    is literal.

    But in Dt18-01 the prohibition of inheriting
    conquested Israelie land applies to EITHER
    Priests OR Levites.

    Similarly I would interprtet Dt17-09 to mean
    that EITHER Priests or Levites should preferably
    be on the Great Sanhedrin. That is the Biblical
    law.

    But Rabbinically---since Priests are more
    involved with the Temple there is a preference
    for Priests to be elected to the great court
    vs. Levites. This preference however is rooted
    in logic not in the verse. The IDIOM, PRIEST-LEVITES
    means PRIESTS or LEVITES as shown.

*11 See LIST854c for further examples where LEFT OR RIGHT
    means a LITTLE bit. Rashi's actual language is
    ---------------------------------------------------
    If you dont consent to the marriage then I will either
    - go to the RIGHT (RASHI: The Ishmaelites)
    - or the LEFT (RASHI: Lot-ites)
    ---------------------------------------------------

    But in light of the examples in LIST854c this
    Rashi should not be taken literally! Rather
    Rashi should be interpreted broadly
    ----------------------------------------
    My master prohibited marriages to Canaanites
    So if you dont consent to the marriage
    I will go to OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS OF ABRAHAM
    - such as ISHMAEL his son
    - or LOT his nephew
    -----------------------------------------

    There is temptation to interpret
    -LEFT=LOT=weakness=(He committed incest with daughters)
    -RIGHT=STRENGTH=Ishmael

    However this SPECIFIC and FOCUSED interpretation of
    LEFT and RIGHT is unsupported by the many other
    examples in LIST854c below.

    Notice this use of LISTS. We are only justified in
    reading into Rashi what can be obtained from LISTS
    We are not justified in reading extra!

    Finally for those into Talmudic flavor note that
    - all the other verses speak about LEFT/RIGHT
    - Gn24-49 speaks about LEFT OR RIGHT (Hebrew Aleph-Vav)
    Perhaps then the ALEPH VAV gives extra emphasis
    But 2S02-19 shows that LEFT/RIGHT and LEFT OR RIGHT
    both mean the same thing---A LITTLE BIT

*12 See LIST854m

*13 Notice the terminal hey on the Hebrew word
    Aleph-Mem-Vav-Tauv-Hey--indicating the
    JUSSIVE mode (mode of hope). Thus the
    word is translated IF ONLY I COULD DIE

    Hence the proper way of interpreting
    this phrase is, similar to the English
    idiom, IF ONLY I COULD DIE (How happy I
    am)

    Rashi SUPPLEMENTS the explanation of
    this idiom by explaining it
    ------------------------------------
    If I died now I would be comforted
    knowing I saw you
    ------------------------------------

    Rashi cites the Targum. However the
    Targum's explanation should be seen
    as secondary to the primary
    explanation of the Rashi as an
    idiomatic expression with a given
    meaning (in other words you don't have
    to explain idioms to understand them--
    the idiom means what it does because
    of usage)

*14 Rashi gives a second explanation
    ---------------------------------
    If only I could die THIS TIME
    ---------------------------------

    Rashi states
    ---------------------------------
    I thought I would die in both this
    world and the next---but now I see
    I at most lost this world but not
    the next since your dreams have
    become prophecies and indications
    that I am destined to the next world
    ---------------------------------

    Rashi's second explanation does
    not CONTRADICT or REPLACE the
    first explanation.

    Rather Rashi's two explanations
    address TWO ISSUES in the verse
    -------------------------------
    The Hebrew word Aleph-Mem-Vav-
    Tauv-Hey means IF ONLY I
    COULD DIE which is an idiom
    indicating HAPPYNESS
    -------------------------------

    However the Bible modified
    the idiom
    -------------------------
    IF ONLY I COULD DIE
    -------------------------
    by adding the word THIS TIME

    ----------------------------
    IF ONLY I COULD DIE THIS TIME
    -----------------------------

    Rashi sees this modification
    of the idiom as indicating
    a subtle nuance
    --------------------------
    I will only die THIS time
    that is ONCE but not twice
    --------------------------
    alluding to the fact that
    Jacob thought he would go
    to hell for misleading
    Joseph but now he sees he
    at most lost this world but
    is destined to the next world


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Volume 30 Number 14


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 30 Number 14