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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
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VERSE: Dt04-31a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt04-31a Dt04-26a

=================== Dt04-31a ==========================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain meaning
the same way the dictionary explains meaning. However
Rashi has a variety of vehicles to explain meaning.
For example Rashi sometimes shows how each grammatical
mode of a root may have a different meaning.

EXAMPLE-  R-F-H
---------------
The root Resh-Pay-Hey means
- WEAK HANDED in the active mode (KAL)
- WEAK (referring to whole person) in passive mode(NIFAL)
- ABANDON in the causative mode(HIFIL)
When you ABANDON someone you CAUSE them to be weak.

EXAMPLE- Ayin-Dalet
-------------------
The root Ayin Dalet means
- DESIGNATE witnesses (in the causative mode)
- TESTIFIED against (in the passive-causative mode)
When however you simply want to say that you
TESTIFIED against someone you dont use a verb
form but rather either say
- I ANSWERED WITNESS against so and so
- I WAS A WITNESS against so and so
=======================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== ==============================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      ROOT+PREPOSITION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST901b
List of verses with root R-P-H meaning ABANDON, WEAK
------------------------ ------------------------------
SEE BELOW                LIST901c
List of verses with root A-D meaning WITNESS,TESTIFIED
=======================================================

====================== LIST901b ======================
List of verses with the root Resh-Pay-Hey.
This root means
- WEAK HANDED in the ACTIVE TENSE
- WEAK (referring to a person) in the PASSIVE MODE
- TO LEAVE ALONE (in the CAUSATIVE mode)*1 *10 *11
======================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE;R-F-Hs meaning CAPPED TENSE
======== =================================== =========
Jr06-24  When we heard we had WEAK HANDS     ACTIVE
2S17-02  ...he will be tired and WEAK HANDED ACTIVE
----     -------------------------------     ----
Ex05-08  ...you are WEAK therefore you hope  PASSIVE
----     -------------------------------     ----
Ju02-37  LEAVE ME ALONE for 2 months         CAUSATIVE
2R04-27  LEAVE HER ALONE for she is bitter   CAUSATIVE
Jo10-06  DONT LEAVE US ALONE...pray for us   CAUSATIVE
Dt04-31a God will NOT LEAVE YOU              CAUSATIVE

NOTES
-----
*1 TO LEAVE ALONE = To CAUSE weakness (by not
   supporting someone)

---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------

*10 Compare however Nu13-18 ..
    ----------------------------
    is the land STRONG or WEAK
    ----------------------------
    where the active (not passive) is used.
    I dont fully understand how this fits into the
    rules--perhaps the verse should be understood
    elliptically (..is the nation STRONG [HANDED]
    or WEAK [HANDED])

*11 See the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, the Appendix,
    Table 9 which contains the conjugations of
    1-2-Hey roots. The root Resh-Pay-Hey follows
    this pattern.
======================================================

==================== LIST901c =========================

List of verses with the root Ayin-Vuv-Dalet(Witness)*10
Interestingly to TESTIFY does not use a verb form
but rather the constructions
- BE A WITNESS ON SOMEONE
- ANSWER WITNESS ON SOMEONE

The verb forms of AYIN-DALET have the following meanings
- DESIGNATE WITNESSES (Caustive mode)
- TESTIFIED against (Passive Causative mode)
=======================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE: MEANING OF A-D in CAPS  CAUSATV
======== ====================================== =======
Is08-02  I will DESIGNATE trustworthy witnesses CAUSATV
1R21-10  DESIGNATE 2 false witnesses to testify CAUSATV
Dt04-26a Ill DESIGNATE Heaven/Earth as witness  CAUSATV
-----    ---------------------------------      -----
Ex21-29  ..Owners were TESTIFIED against        PASSIVE
-----    ---------------------------------      -----
Dt05-17  Dont ANSWER FALSE WITNESS on a friend  ANSWER
Dt31-21  This poem will ANSWER*1 IN WITNESS     ANSWER
-----    ---------------------------------      -----
Gn31-44  ...make treaty..WILL BE*2 FOR WITNESS  BE

NOTES
-----
*1 Radack points out that the root Ayin-Nun-Hey
   normally translated -- TO ANSWER -- can
   also be translated as TESTIFY

*2 To TESTIFY is never indicated by a verb form
   but rather by the constructions
   -- WILL BE WITNESS
   -- ANSWER WITNESSES

   The verb forms of Ayin-Vuv-Dalet mean
   - To designate
   - to be testified against



-------------------- LONGER  FOOTNOTES ---------------

*10 See The Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Appendix, Table
    6 for the verb conjugations of 1-Vuv-3 roots
    These conjugations apply to Ayin-Vuv-Dalet
=======================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 18 Number 23


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#