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VERSE: Dt12-28b
======================== Dt12-28b ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of word
meanings similar to the goals of a dictionary. Rashi had
10 vehicles by which he explained words. One sub-method is
the SPECIAL CONNECTIVE WORD method: This method simply
explains the usage of CONNECTIVE WORDS like USUALLY, ALL,
ALSO, etc.
EXAMPLE
--------
The word ALL has three distinct usages in Hebrew
- ALL can mean without any particular exception
- ALL can mean ALL parts
- ALL can mean include EVEN borderline cases that you
wouldn't think included
Todays example comes from Dt12-28b which states
------------------------------------------------
Observe ALL commandments which I command you today....
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Rashi, commenting on the word ALL states
---------------------------------------------
Observe ALL commandments--EVEN the minor ones
---------------------------------------------
LIST005n below presents several dozen Rashis commenting
on the word ALL.
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ITEM DETAIL
======================== =======================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SPECIAL MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST005n
List of 5 meanings of ALL (KOL)
===============================================================
============================ LIST005n =============================
List of 5 meanings of ALL (KOL)
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VERSE TEXT WITH "ALL" INCLUDES EVEN THE FOLLOWING
======== ========================== ===============================
Dt12-28b Observe ALL commandments EVEN minor commandments
Gn06-12a ALL FLESH became corrupted EVEN ANIMALS were corrupted*27
Gn07-14a ALL Winged creatures EVEN Grasshoppers with wings
Lv11-42b ALL crawling on belly EVEN Snails who crawl*1
Lv11-42c ALL walking on claws EVEN beetles who crawl*2
Nu21-08b ANYONE Bitten was cured EVEN Dogbites*3
Lv17-12a ALL shouldn't eat blood EVEN Minors shouldn't eat*4
Lv19-02a Speak to ALL Jews EVEN speak to MINORS*5
Nu18-09c ALL pure priests may eat EVEN your wives may eat
Nu20-29b ALL mourned Aaron EVEN women mourned*6
------- ------------------------ ---------------------------
Lv24-14a ALL hearing the Blasphemy EVEN the judges *7 *28
Nu14-01a The WHOLE nation rebelled EVEN the LEADERS *8 *28
Lv14-09a Cut ALL hair EVEN non-dense hair *9
Ex12-43b ALL foreigners EVEN Jewish apostates *10
Dt20-11a ALL conquered willbe yours EVEN from other nations *11
Ex12-12b I-ll smite all 1stborn EVEN from other nations *11
Gn43-09b I-ll owe you my WHOLE life EVEN in the next world
Dt13-01a Listen to ALL commandments EVEN the light ones
Lv11-33b ALL inside will be impure EVEN if hanging in the air*16
------- ------------------------ ----------------------------
Gn19-04b ALL Sedomites gathered NO EXCEPTIONS *29
Gn33-11d I have EVERYTHING I need WITHOUT EXCEPTION*12
Ex19-11c The WHOLE nation saw God NO BLIND(Exceptions)
Ex32-26b ALL Levites came NO levite served calf
Dt01-01b Moses spoke to ALL Israel ALL Came; no exception*13
Dt11-06a Earthquake in ALL Israel TREMORS at all locations
Lv22-05d To ANY human uncleanlines Dead humans,Lepors,Zavs etc
------- ------------------------ ----------------------------
Lv21-11b Don't defile on ANY dead even body PARTS(organs) *30
Lv27-09a ANYthing Dedicated is holy even animal PARTS(Organs)
Lv02-13b SALT all offerings even the ORGAN PARTS
Lv06-11b ANYTHING touching is holy even PART of it*14
Lv22-05a Touch ANY rodent Touch ANY ORGAN of rodent*32
Ex12-20b Dont eat ANY leaven even PART LEAVEN(Mixture)
Lv03-03a & Offer ALL fat even fat of PARTS(organs)
Lv04-07a Spill ANY blood even leftover droplets*15
------- ------------------------ ----------------------------
Ex35-22b Bzalel did ALL God ordered Even if Moses forgot*17 *31
Nu20-01a WHOLE nation came to Tzn Even adult men over 21*18
Nu18-09b Priests get ALL sacrifices EVEN Peace offerings*19
Lv17-10a ALL eating blood will die Even non sacrificial blood*20
Lv06-11a ALL male priests eat it Even blemished ones*21
Dt18-01a ALL priests won-t inherit EVEN blemished ones*22
Lv06-32b ALL sin offerings EVEN Guilt Offerings*23
Dt14-11a ALL Kosher birds eatable EVEN sent-away leporbird*24
Ex12-47a ALL Jews offer on Passover By Individual not family*25
Ex01-22a ALL children die in river EVEN Egyptian Children*26
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi gives examples: "CRAWLING ON BELLY" could refer to
a SNAKE. "ALL WHO CRAWL ON BELLY" refers to SNAILS
Thus the ALL includes even insects
*2 Rashi gives examples: "WALKING ON CLAWS" refers to the
scoprion---"ALL WHO WALK ON CLAWS" refers to the BEETLES
*3 Rashi further FURTHER supports this with the alignment
(The Torah is speaking about a plague of BITING SNAKES
God told Moses to make a copper snake and those that look
at it would live) Consider the alignment of the following
verses
---------------------------------------------------------------
Nu21-08 And ANYONE Bitten will SEE it & live
Nu21-09 And ANYONE Bitten by a snake would STARE at it & live
*1 *2
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Thus if a SNAKE bit them they had to STARE at it to live
But if a DOG bit them they could just see it and live
Finally, Rashi in the name of the Talmud explains why "looking"
at a copper snake should cure---it symbolically referred to
"looking upwards and praying"
*4 That is the adults should TRAIN minors not to eat blood
*5 This Rashi, besides being derived from the word ALL is further
supported by an alignment of introductory verses
---------------------------------------------
Lv15-01 speak to the Jews
Lv12-02 Speak to the Jews
Lv19-02 Speak to ALL the community of Jews
*a *b
---------------------------------------------
Thus there is an emphasis that the whole community should
hear (even children)
*6 Again Rashi is supported by an alignment
-----------------------------------------------------
Dt34-08 the children of Israel mourned Moses
Nu20-29 the whole house of Israel Mourned Aaron
*a *b
-----------------------------------------------------
The term HOUSE of ISRAEL is more
directed to women and children
*7 ALL people (even judges who heard testimony) must stone
the blasphemer
*8 ALL people cried at hearing the spies story (Even the
leaders)
*9 Thru the GENERAL PARTICULAR GENERAL principle we learn
that only dense-visible hair (like eyebrows) has to
be shaved. This is learned by generalizing the examples
in the verse ("head", "beard", "eyebrows")
Thru the word "ALL" we learn that even non-dense or
non-visible hair (like armpit hair or outer-arm-hair)
should be shaved.
Thus the two items--GENERAL-PARTICULAR-GENERAL and ALL
teach us that ALL is shaved except NOSE-HAIR
*10 Neither foreigners nor Jewish Apostates can bring offerings
*11 Thus eg God smote the Firstborn of Egyptians and also the
firstborn of other nations who were visiting Egypt
*12 This was incorrectly translated in a previous posting
*13 Rashi points out the subtlety in this: People normally act
macho--they would say "If I had been there to hear Moses I
would have answered him". Therefore it says ALL Israel..
Moses made sure "EVERYBODY" was there so that no one
should claim that "I would have answered Moses".
*14 This law is beneficial--if the sacrifice touched other
meat then ONLY THE PLACE WHERE IT TOUCHED has to be cut off
(Only PART of it is holy)
Rashi further learns that TOUCHING does not confer holiness
unless there was ABSORPTION of the meat flavor (According
to Malbim this is learned from order of words--this will
be discussed in another posting)
*15 So you spill the blood out of the cup--then you vigorously
shake it and spill the leftover droplets (hence ALL the blood
is spilt)
*16 So eg if the dead organ fell into the cup then anything
in the AIRSPACE of the cup becomes ritually impure EVEN
if it is not touching the cup but eg suspended
In legal terminology we say that (BEING) INSIDE is a
VEHICLE for TRANSMISSION of impurity in earthenware cups
*17 I would logically think that Bzalel couldn't do things that
God told Moses but Moses forgot to tell Bzalel.
Rashi brings a possible example--In Ex25 Moses orders the
temple utensils to be built first and then the Tabernacle
But in Ex36 and Ex37 Bzalel builds the Tabernacle first
and then the temple.
Logically Bzalel knew that you build the house first and
then fill it with utensils
*18 Nu14-29 states that the adult males over 20 who listened to
the spies slander of Israel died. However they had all
died by the time they came to Tzin---hence the WHOLE
community came (because they didn't bury anyone in the
previous place)
*19 Nu18-09 lists 3 types of sacrifices that priests get.
It does not list peace offerings. HEnce I need the word
ALL to include it. This is further indicated in Lv06
and Lv07-23.
*20 It says Lv17-11 that the reason blood is prohibited is
because it is used to atone on the altar
Hence it is logical to conclude that only sacrificial
blood is forbidden but ordinary blood that can't be
offered is permissable. Therefore the verse says ALL BLOOD
to include this other blood.
*21,*22 It explicitly says (Lv22--21:22) that blemished priests
may not offer sacrifices (But may eat them).
Hence the word "ALL" includes even blemished priests--
since they can't offer sacrifices I might think they
DO inherit Israel--I might also think that they do
not join the Priestly rotations (which offer and eat
the sacrifices).
Therefore the word ALL is used. They
do join the priestly rotations,
do not inherit Israeli land,
do not offer sacrifices
do eat them
*23 There are 3 opinions of what the word ALL includes.
The best literary approach is to use Lv07-07
"The sin offering is like the guilt offering"
(Since both sin and guilt offerings deal with matters
of sin) Thus the word "ALL sin offerings" includes
even guilt all offerings.
We used this Rashi to show Rashis literary style.
See above
*24 Recall that most sacrifices are HOLY and cannot be eaten
even if they are Kosher. Further recall that the Lepor
was atoned by having a Kosher bird sent away and another
one offered (Lv14-04:07). I might think that this
sent-away-Lepor bird is like any other sacrificial object
and prohibited from eating. Therefore Dt14-11 says
"ALL Kosher birds..." may be eaten--even the Kosher lepor
bird.
*25 The first passover offering has one lamb PER family(Ex12-03)
Hence I might think that future passover offerings are
PER family. Therefore when Ex12-16 says "The WHOLE community
must offer it" it means EVERY individual
*26 Added Dec 27, 2001. This verse discusses how Pharoh
decreed death on all children.
The Bible explicitly says that Egypt was run by
magicians and stargazers (Ex07-11, Ex08-15). It
therefore seems reasonable that they told Pharoh that
they were told my magic that a savior was born to the Jews
Since Pharoh didnt know if the savior was Egyptian or Jewish
Pharoh ordered ALL children -- EVEN Egyptian children --
killed by drowning.
*27 In this part of the list ALL means ALL SUBGROUPS
*28 In this part of the list ALL means EVEN BORDERLINE CASES
So eg THE WHOLE NATION REBELS includes EVEN THE LEADERS
(Since you wouldnt expect the leaders to rebel)
*29 In this part of the list ALL means WITHOUT EXCEPTION
(Everybody)
*30 In this part of the list ALL means ALL PARTS (eg
even ORGANS)
*31 In this part of the list ALL refers EVEN to items
you dont EXPECT (Hence this part of the list is
MIDRASHIC in flavor). For example BEZALEL did ALL
GOD COMMANDED MOSES...the word ALL refers EVEN to
items that Moses forgot (Since you wouldnt think
that Bezalel followed forgotten orders)
*32 From the word ALL/ANY we infer ANY PART OF IT. Rashi
then cites the law on HOW SMALL (obviously a speck
of skin would not cause impurity). The law of HOW
SMALL like all laws of measurements are oral traditions
handed down to Moses at Sinai (And hence are not
derived from the text).
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Volume 27 Number 2
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 27 Number 2