#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
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| Rashi is Simple Version 2.0 |
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VERSE: Dt14-04b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt14-04b Dt14-04c Dt14-17a
Dt14-18a Dt14-19a Dt23-02b
======================== Dt14-04b ================================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals was the explanation of words the
same way the dictionary explains words. Rashi had a variety
of vehicles to explain meaning.
EXAMPLE - Words named by FUNCTION: TEO=Wild Ox=Scouter Dt14-04c
---------------------------------------------------------------
The TEO, a wild Ox, is an animal that SCOUTS (TAH) before hunting
EXAMPLE - IDIOMS: NEW MEANINGS Dt14-19a Dt23-02b
-------------------------------------------------
- CASTRATED = Cut(KRUTH) Pourer(Shafchah)
- FLYS = insect(SHERETZ) birds(HAOF)
EXAMPLE - Words named by 2 letter roots Dt14-04b Dt14-17a
---------------------------------------------------------
- The AKO (Wild goat) is an ANIMAL(Aleph) living in CLEFTS (kik)
Here ALEPH means ANIMAL, PLANT or HUMAN
Other examples are presented in the lists below
- The SHLACH(bird of prey) is a bird whose hunting patterns
RESEMBLE (Caph) DISLODGING (Sholeh) since it snatches fish
from the sea
Here CAPH means RESEMBLES. Other examples are presented in
the lists below
EXAMPLE - 4 Letter words = sum of meanings of 2 two letter words
----------------------------------------------------------------
Thus the DUCHIPATH=has ENOUGH (Dai) HANDLES (KAPH) and refers
to a bird with a DOUBLE CROP
=================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== ========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST854z
List of 2-3 word Biblical idioms
---------------------- ------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2-4 Letter roots
SEE BELOW LIST910h
List of 4 letter roots=sum of 2 letter roots
---------------------- ------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST910j
List of roots with ALEPH=Animal,Plant,person
---------------------- ------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST910k
List of roots with CAPH=resemble
---------------------- ------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 METHODS OF NAMING
SEE BELOW LIST815a
List of words Naming by FUNCTION/PURPOSE
=================================================================
========================= LIST910j ==============================
List of roots with ALEPH=Animal,Plant,person
=================================================================
Root MEANS ALEPH that Meaning of Last 2 letters
==== ========= ====== ==== ======================================
LVA LION Animal that does according to its HEART(LV)
LTZ LIZARD Animal that HIDES(LT)
AKO WILD-GOAT ANIMAL that lives in CLEFTS (KIK)*1
AIL RAM ANIMAL that TOs (LAMED) the herd (leads the herd)
--- --------- ------ ---- -------------------------------------
ASL LeafTree PLANT that Provides TRANQUILITY (SHALVAH)
AGZ Nut PLANT that looks SHAVEN(GZ)
PRA WildGrass PLANT that grows WILDLY (PRA)
BCA WeepWilow PLANT that looks like it is CRYING (BCA)
--- --------- ------ ---- -------------------------------------
ACR Farmer PERSON that DIGS(CR)
ARX Guest PERSON from STREETS (RVCH)
AM Mother PERSON who is SOURCE (MEM)
SNA Hated PERSON who is a THORN(SNH) in my side
NOTES
-----
*1 Dt14-04b Rashi.
=================================================================
========================= LIST910k ==============================
List of roots with CAPH=resemble
=================================================================
Root Means KAPH=LIKE Meaning of last two letters
==== =============== =========== ================================
CLV Dog Does LIKE Its HEART (LAV)
CYR MultiBushel Pot Like SPACIOUSNESS (RVCh)
CDR Ball Like something FREE (DRR)
KVR Sieve Like a SEPARATOR (BRR)
KKV Star Like something EXTINGUISHED (KBH)
SLK Bird of prey Like DISLODGING (SLH)*1
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi, Dt14-17a. This refers to a bird that snatches fish
from the sea
=================================================================
======================== LIST815a ===============================
List of words Naming by FUNCTION/PURPOSE*10
=================================================================
# The function of NAME Relation to FUNCTION
======== ============================== =========================
(4) The function of UNITED NATIONS is to unite countries
(5) The function of LAWNMOWERS is to MOW your LAWN
(6) The function of HANGERS is to HANG clothing
(7) The function of PHOTOCOPIERS is to make COPIES*6
(8) The function of HEARing aids is to help you HEAR
(9) The function of TELeVISIONs is that it TELls VISION
(10) The function of CAN OPENERs is that it OPENS CANS
(11) The function of TYPEWRITERs is that it WRITES in TYPE
(13) The function of STANDs on which you STAND stings
-------- --------------------- ------------------------
Gn08-02b The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Gn23-06a The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Ex36-06a The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Gn24-11a The function of the KNEE is to BEND / KNEEL*2
Nu15-38a The purpose of Tzitzith is to GLARE at them*3
Dt14-04c The function of the WILD OX is to SCOUT(Tah) out
NOTES
-----
*1 Hence the verses
------------------------------------------
Gn08-02b Rain was WITHELD from the heavens
Gn23-06a No person will WITHOLD their land from you
Ex36-06a The nation WITHELD further bringing
--------------------------------------------
*2 Hence the meanings of KNEELING and LIEING DOWN
*3 That is to GLARE at them and remind one of ones obligation
to do Mitzvoth.
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------
10* Here is a nifty example. The PENTAGON is named by its
FORM (Looks like a PENTAGON) while the UNITED NATION is
named by its FUNCTION
=================================================================
=========================== LIST910h =======================
List of 4 letter roots=sum of 2 letter roots
============================================================
4 LETTER ROOT MEANING 1st 2 LETTERS LAST 2 LETTERS
============= ============ =============== =================
DuChiFath Enough Handl Enough(DAI) KAPH(Handles)*9
YeHoShuA*8 God will Sav God (YAH) Will Save(SHA)
AVRAYCH*1*4 Good leader Father Gentle/soft
MMZR*1 Illegitimate Blemished (From a)Stranger
ARAL Angel Lion (of) God
BLAD Except Without (BLi) Others
BRZL Iron Strong (BRi) Branch (ZLZL)
ZLAF Fright Worthless (and) Fatigued*3
SRAF Branches A Pot (ie nest) (for) Birds *2
PANAYACH Insightful Brings out(POA) The Hidden(NAX)*5
ChachLiL Intoxicating Swirling(LL) the palate(XC)*6
SnaPir Fish fins Shrub like(SN) used to fly*7
NOTES:
------
*1 There are two approaches to 4 letter roots. Sometimes we
try and see them as 2 two letter roots and sometimes we try
and see them as a 3 letter root with an extra letter. Thus
ASTR is explained in the Talmud as ASR. Rav Hirsch stuck to
the 3 letter approach even in obvious cases--thus he takes
MMZR from MZR a rare word in Job.
Similarly Rashi cites a controversy on AVRAYCH:
-- A double 2 letter approach would yield:
AVRAYCH=Gentle(Rc) Father(Av)
-- A 3 letter approach would yield:
AVRAYCH=Kneel (Brch) to me (Aleph)
*2 Note the poetic lisence in e.g.
SRAF = BIRD(AF) POT (SiR)= Something for Bird nests
This type of small poetic lisence is common in etymologies
and makes their study difficult
*3 Note the finer nuances in some translations. For example ZLAF
occurs rarely in TNACH and its meaning is inferred from its
context. The RDQ in his book of ROOTS says its meaning is SOME
TYPE OF FRIGHT....this could go well with the verse cited by
RDK: "fright has overtaken me"
But perhaps a BETTER translation is
feeling worthless and tired So that the verse with
ZLAF would mean WORTHLESSNESS & FATIGUE HAS OVERTAKEN ME
Then again perhaps there is no way to see which translation
is better
*4 Rashi Gn41-43b
*5 Rashi Gn41-45
*6 Rashi Gn49-12a
*7 The following may help:
- PRCh means to FLY; in connection with fish it could
refer to swimming throughout the water
- SN can mean THORNBUSH or BRANCHES (Songs07-09). I
therefore suggest it means SHRUB like.
So SN-PR would refer to SHRUB-LIKE(SN) protrusions by
which a fish FLYES (PR) - SNPR.
*8 Rashi Nu13-16a
*9 The reference is to a bird with a DOUBLE CROP. Since DU in
ARAMAIC means TWO it appears that Rashi is saying
-------------------------------------------------
DuChiFath = Double(DU) Handle(Caph)=Double CRop
-------------------------------------------------
However we think it preferable that Rashi used Hebrew roots
to explain Hebrew words(Provided simple exaplanations exist)
Hence we read Rashi as saying
--------------------------------------
DuChiFath = ENOUGH (Dai) Handles(CAPH)
--------------------------------------
Thus the word does not DIRECTLY mean DOUBLE CROP. Rather
the essential meaning of the word is ENOUGH HANDLES. The
method by which this particular bird implements this
ENOUGHNESS is thru use of the DOUBLE CROP.
=================================================================
======================= LIST854z ================================
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854z continues LIST854d
=================================================================
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ==========
Dt14-19a BIRD INSECT flys
Dt23-02b CUT POURER castrated
Lv01-15c BLOOD BE SQUEEZED Squash animal on wall *7
Ex30-27f BY ITSELF BY ITSELF Equally for each one
Ex30-04a SIDE OF SIDES Corner *6
Ex14-05b CHANGE OF HEART Changed his mind
Gn43-29a FIND GRACE Wish(ed) you well *5
Gn24-57a ASK HER MOUTH Discuss/get opinions *4
Ex12-06d BETWEEN THE EVES NOON *3
Gn37-03a SON OF OLD AGE Youngest *1
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD Conceal murder *2
Ex21-21a DAY OR DAYS 24 hours
Lv13-39a DULL WHITE DULL WHITE
Lv16-08a PLACE A LOT Have a lottery *9
Lv13-20a SHALLOW APPEARANCE DEEP wound *8 *11
Lv13-03b DEEP APPEARANCE DEEP wound *8 *11
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out 3 equally possible meanings
- Youngest son (Son born while father was ELDERLY)
- Wisest son (ELDER=WISDOM)
- Son who resembles father (despite old age he still
looks like son)
*2 This is an example of a DOUBLE METONOMY
Blood is ASSOCIATED with life and COVER is
associated with denial. Hence COVER-BLOOD=conceal-murder
*3 NOON is the midpoint between EVE and DAWN. Hence
NOON is the BETWEEN THE EVES.
*4 The context is the proposed marriage of 15 year old
Rivkah to Isaac from another country. The offer had
been made by the servant of Abraham to Rivkahs family
The Biblical text states: Let us(her parents)
ASK HER MOUTH
This is the ONLY time in the Bible that this
phrase occurs(The verb ASK occurs frequently).
Apparently this phrase means
- Lets DISCUSS or LETS GET AN OPINION*10
Such an interpretation is appropriate for a marriage
decision
*5 FIND-GRACE can equally mean I WISH YOU WELL or
YOU WERE WISHED WELL. Rashi points out that GRACE
by itself has this same connotation (Without the
full phrase FIND GRACE). See LIST854g for further
details
*6 Tzade-Lamed-Ayin means SIDE (and hence can refer
to the RIBS). Thus Ex30-04 speaks about the SIDE
OF SIDES--that is the CORNER.
*7 Actually the idiom consists of two parts
- SQUEEZE the blood
- use of the passive (Blood is SQUEEZED)
Hence the idea that the slaughtered animal is
pushed against the altar wall until the blood
oozes forth.
*8 In other words the WHITE PATCHES on the skin
appear to be a DEEP WOUND (rather than a superficial
skin discoloring) *11
*9 The Bible uses a variety of phrases to indicate
lotteries such as
- SHOOT A LOT Jo18-06
- THROW A LOT Jo18-08
- RAISE A LOT Jo18-11
- PLACE A LOT Lv16-08
- CAST A LOT Is34-17 *12
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------
*10 Hence the Rashi on Gn24-57b: The Biblical text
states that Rivkah responded: I WILL GO.
But Rashi, surprisingly states: I WILL GO WHETHER
YOU LIKE IT OR NOT.
Why did Rashi read such an emphasis into the simple
question and answer
------------------------------------------
PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man
RIVKAH: I will go.
------------------------------------------
The answer is that the Bible says
------------------------------------------
PARENTS: We will DISCUSS THE MATTER with her;
get her opinion
PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man
RIVKAH: I will go.
------------------------------------------
Thus the context shows that Rivkah was not
INTERESTED IN A DISCUSSION--she had already
made up her mind
*11 Rashi appears to say the following
---------------------------------------
ALL WHITE appears deep; like the SUNLIT
part appears deeper than the SHADE
---------------------------------------
But the sunlit part does NOT appear deeper than
shade. Hence we interpret this Rashi as follows
--------------------------------------------
[The skin whiteness is not speckled but]
ALL WHITE; [it appears] deep like a BURN
appears deeper than just on SURFACE OF SKIN
---------------------------------------------
By comparing the capped words in these two
interpretations of Rashi we infer that we interpret
- ChaMMaH as meaning BURN vs SUNLIT
- SHADE as referring to non-burnt skin (vs shade)
We also interpret
-- [The skin is] ALL WHITE (not speckled); It appears...
vs
-- ALL WHITE APPEARS DEEP
(This is a change in punctuation)
*12 Superficially these phrases seem to be the same
However Rashi on Lv16-08 states that PLACE A LOT
means CASTING A LOT and PLACING the WINNING/LOSING
TICKETS on the winners/losers.
=========================================================
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Volume 23 Number 1
#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 23 Number 1