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VERSE: Ex07-27a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex07-27a Ex07-14a

=========================== Ex07-27a ======================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is the explanation of Grammar.
Rashi used the method of NEAR MISSES to teach grammar

EXAMPLE Ex07-27a
----------------
The Hebrew root Mem-Aleph-Nun means to REFUSE. The verb
form is MeMaAyn (He refused) while the adjective form is
Mayn (He was obstinate)--that is it denotes a permanant
attribute of the person rather than a transient activity.
MaAyn is Adjective Form #2 in the Appendix of the Ibn
Shoshan Dictionary.

Here the difference between VERB and ADJECTIVE lies
in one letter (Extra mem - MeMaAyN vs MaAyn)


EXAMPLE Ex07-14a
----------------
The Hebrew word KaVayD is an ADJECTIVAL FORM(not a
verb form). It refers to an intrinsic attribute of
the person. (i.e. Pharoh was THICK HEADED). KaVayD
uses Adjective form #2 in Ibn Shoshan.

Here the difference between ADJECTIVE and VERB lies
in one vowel (KaVayD vs KaVaD)
=============================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== ====================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      VERB CONJUGATION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW                LIST703c
List of word pairs with  small spelling-big meaning differnce
=============================================================

============================= LIST703c ==============================
Lists of word pairs with small spelling-big meaning differences
=====================================================================
VERSE    #1    PUNCTUATION#1 MEANS#1   #2    PUNCTUATION#2 MEANS#2
======== ===== ============= ========= ===== ============= ==========
Ex07-27a MMAyN Two Mem       To refuse MAyn  One mem       obstinat*6
Ex07-14a KaVyd Kamatz-Tzaray Heavy     KaVad Kamatz-Patach be Heavy*6
Gn47-15a AaFyS Kamatz-Tzaray Dwindled  E-Fes Segol-Segol   Nothing*6
Ex23-31a HaMoT Patach-Cholam Destroy   HayMT Tzaray-Patach Kill*5
Gn24-23b LLeen Chirik        NightStay LLoon Shuruk        To inn*4
Ex19-18a OSHON KAMATZ KAMATZ Smoke     Oshan KAMATZ PATACH To Smoke
Gn49-04d PACAZ PATACH PATACH Fiz       PoCaz KAMATZ PATACH To Fiz
Dt07-23a HOMAM KAMATZ PATACH ToSmash   HOMOM KAMATZ KAMATZ Smash Em
Gn09-06d HTHLK ------------- Walked    HTHLK ------------- Walk*1
Ex01-20a YehTv TZARAY SEGOL  helped    YeeTv CHIRIK SEGOL  good*2
Ex01-19  YehRv SEGOL SEGOL*2 increased YeeRv CHIRIK SEGOL  multiplied
Gn29-06a ba-AH Accent on end coming    BA-ah accent-begin  came*3
Gn46-26a ba-AH Accent on end coming    BA-ah accent-begin  came*3

NOTES
-----
*1 In this example the identically spelled word can mean either
   - he walked (past tense)
   - walk (Command)

   Cf The Grammatical tables in the Ibn Shoshan dictionary
   Table 1 presents the conjugations in question.

*2 The words are spelled with the same letters. The minute
   vowel difference determines whether it is causative(Helped)
   vs active (Good)


*3 The two words have the
   - same spelling
   - same letters
   - differ in placement of accents
   Cf Gn29-06a vs Gn29-09,Gn46-26a vs Gn46-27 and
   Gn42-21b vs Gn34-27

*4 See Ibn Shoshan Dictionary Tables 6 and 7.
   The conjugation of the Biblical root Lamed-Vav-Nun
   is LLoon not LLeen which should therefore be interpreted
   as a noun (night-stay)

   Hence the Rashi on Gn24-23b which uses the word LLeen
   ------------------------------------------------------
   Eliezer used the word LLeen indicating he requested
   a one night stay. By contrast Rivkah used the word
   LLoon--the verb form--indicating that he could stay
   for many nights
   ------------------------------------------------------

*5 I frequently cite the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5,
   the Appendix: This gives a short but comprehensive
   set of grammatical tables.

   - Table 10, Kal Mode for 1-2-2 verbs: Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi
   - Table 6: Hifil Mode for 1-v-3 verbs:Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti

   Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi means to DESTROY;
   Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti means to kill

   Although the meanings are similar the conjugations are
   totally different as Rashi is quick to point out.

*6 - KAMATZ-PATACH is a VERB form
   - KAMATZ-TZARAY is an ADJECTIVE form
   - SEGOL-SEGOL is a NOUN form.
   The difference between a VERB and ADJECTIVE is as follows
   - The VERB form could denote a one time TRANSIENT activity
   - The ADJECTIVE form denotes a PERMANANT attribute
   The KAMATZ-TZARAY is adjective form #2 in Ibn Shoshan

   Hence
   - AFayS Kasef means the MONEY HAS DWINDLED
   - KAVAYD LAYV PHAROH means Pharoh was OBSTINATE
   - MAYN LESHLAYACH means Pharoh was OBSTINATE about
   letting the Jews go.

   Perhaps this will clarify. MEMaAYN PHAROH would mean
   Pharoh REFUSED, denoting a possibly one-time transient
   activity while MaAYN PHAROH means PHAROH was OBSTINATE
   (it was part of his personality to always refuse freedom
   to the slaves)
=====================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 20 Number 19


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