#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
-----------------------------------------------------------
| Rashi is Simple Version 2.0 |
| (C) RashiYomi Inc., Dr Hendel President |
| http://www.RashiYomi.Com |
| PERMISSION to reprint WITH this header if NOT for profit |
------------------------------------------------------------
VERSE: Ex14-07c
RASHIS COVERED: Ex14-07c Ex14-08b Nu15-30a Ex14-27b
Ex17-04a Ex21-14b Ex22-01b Gn31-54c Lv11-03b
Lv21-21c Lv02-11a
============================== Ex14-07c ==========================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is to give the meaning of words
the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the
Rashi RULE of WORD MEANINGS.
Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. A common
technique of explaining meaning is the skillful use of
IDIOMATIC USAGE--that is collections of words
which mean more than the individual words.We call this the
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of NEW MEANINGS.
In todays posting we explore how METONOMY can give rise
to NEW MEANINGS. METONOMY refers to the naming of an item by
a related item. For example the word AMERICA which refers to
the COUNTRY can, by METONOMY refer to the people--AMERICANS.
Both idiomatic expressions--which are permanant new meanings
in a language--as well as metonomies--which refer to possibly
one-time uses of metonomy--are governed by the Rashi subrule
of NEW MEANINGS.
EXAMPLE Ex14-07c
----------------
Both in English and Hebrew
The word FIRST can mean
- FIRST
- PRESIDENT (First in land)
The word SECOND can mean
- SECOND
- VICE PRESIDENT (2nd in command)
The word THIRD can mean
- THIRD
- SECRETARY OF STATE
LIST871m presents other examples of METONOMY
We next explore how two or more words can form a new
IDIOMATIC phrase which intrinsically means something
new, over and above the sum of the meanings of the
individual phrases.
EXAMPLE Ex14-08b Nu15-30a
-------------------------
The expression HIGH HAND can have various meanings
But the basic idea is one of BRAZENNESS. Compare
its usage in the following verses
Ex14-08b
----------------------------------------
Pharoh pursued the Jews
But the Jews went out of Egypt BRAZENLY
----------------------------------------
Nu15-30a
-------------------------------------
[Previous verse discusses inadvertent
sin] But a person who sins WILLFULLY
....
-------------------------------------
1K11-26
-------------------------------------
He REBELLED against the King
-------------------------------------
Mi05-08
---------------------------------------------
DECLARE WAR on your enemies and they will die
---------------------------------------------
Dt12-06
--------------------
..... your DONATIONS
--------------------
LIST854L below summarizes these meanings of RAISE HAND
Here are more examples of idiomatic new phrases
--------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLES Ex14-27b -- At the TURN OF MORNING
-------------------------------------------
Ex14-27b states-- At the TURN OF MORNING
Rashi translates -- At DAWN
EXAMPLE Ex17-04a
----------------
The verse states
------------------------------------------
Moses said to God
What can I do for this nation
A LITTLE MORE and they will stone me
------------------------------------------
Rashi comments
--------------------------------------
the phrase A LITTLE MORE is an idiom
meaning ANXIETY / FEAR
--------------------------------------
So Rashi translates the verse
------------------------------------------
Moses said to God
What can I do for this nation
I AM AFRAID they will stone me
------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE Ex22-01b
----------------
The verse states
--------------------------------------------
If a thief was found in a tunnel[to the house]
and was smitten and died
then he[the owner] HAS NO BLOOD
---------------------------------------------
Rashi comments
--------------
The phrases HAS BLOOD or HAS NO BLOOD
refers to responsibility for murder
--------------
LIST871y below summarizes these Biblical Idioms.
Closely related to METONOMY (meaning by RELATION) is
SYNECHDOCHE (meaning by WHOLE-PART) and meaning by
GOOD EXAMPLE. For example, HONEY refers specifically
to HONEY. But HONEY is a GOOD EXAMPLE of any sweet.
Hence HONEY can mean SWEET (whether from HONEY or
not). We can view this HONEY-SWEET derivation as meaning by
- GOOD EXAMPLE: HONEY is a GOOD EXAMPLE of SWEETNESS
- METONOMY: HONEY is RELATED to SWEETNESS
- SYNECHDOCHE: HONEY is PART of the class of SWEETS
To recap: We can name whole classes of objects
by good examples in those classes.
EXAMPLE Ex21-14b
--------------------------------------------
The verse states
-----------------------------------------
If a person kills willfully then
take him away from my ALTAR to be executed
-----------------------------------------
Rashi comments
------------------------------
The law (of taking him away)
applies to any PRIESTLY service
[altar work is simply a good
example]
------------------------------
LIST850a provides other Rashis and examples of
meaning by GOOD EXAMPLE
==================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871m
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY
---------------------- ---------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST854y
List of 2-3 word Biblical idioms
---------------------- ---------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST854L
List of verses with IDIOM: RAISE HAND=BRAZEN
---------------------- ---------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST850a
List of words showing WHOLE-PART etymologies (eg HONEY=SWEET)
==================================================================
================= LIST850a ======================================
List of words showing WHOLE-PART etymologies (eg HONEY=SWEET)
=================================================================
PHRASE CAPPED word can also men
================== ==============================================
ALTAR*3 Any priestly service*3
BREAD*4 Any food
HONEY*5 Anything sweet
DAY can mean Any 24 hour period
MAN (ISH)can mean Any person
E-L-H-I-M can mean Judge
IN Among
SEAL-engraved*1 Engraved with clear letters
SCRIBAL pen*2 Good pen
ORANGE Same color as ORANGE fruit
NOTES
-----
*1 Ex28-11b
*2 Ps45-02
*3 Ex21-14b
*4 Gn31-54c, Lv11-03b, Lv21-21c
*5 Lv02-11a
==================================================================
======================= LIST854y ================================
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854y continues LIST854d LIST854y
=================================================================
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ==========
Ex14-08b HIGH HAND Brazenly *1
Nu15-30a HIGH HAND Intentionally *1
Ex14-27b TURN OF MORNING Dawn
Ex17-04a A LITTLE MORE AND.. I am afraid that
Ex22-01b HAS NO BLOOD Is not a MURDERER
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD conceal MURDER
=========================================================
========================= LIST854L ========================
List of verses with IDIOM: RAISE HAND=BRAZEN*10
===========================================================
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE WITH TRANSLATION OF high hand CAPPED
======== ==================================================
Ex14-08b ...Pharoh pursued, but the Jews left BRAZENLY
Nu15-30a ...but a person who sins WILLFULLY
1K11-26 He REBELLED against the King
Mi05-08 DECLARE WAR, oh God, and your enemies will DIE
Dt12-06 ...your DONATIONS (BRAZENLY stated devotion)
NOTES
-----
------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ------------------
*10 See Rashi on Is26-11 who points out that this
idiomatic usage requires accenting on the last
syllable. (Accenting on the first syllable indicates
REMOVAL)
=========================================================
======================= LIST871m =================================
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10
==================================================================
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ===========
Gn49-26d BREASTS Ejaculation
Gn49-26c EJACTULATION and WOMBS Many happy children
Gn30-35c sheep with WHITE WHITE PATCHES
Gn30-39a aroused by STICKS REFLECTION OF STICKS *11
Ex14-07c FIRST-SECOND-THIRD PRES-VicePres-Secrtry
Ex22-02b He has BLOOD Guilty of BLOODSHED
Nu35-27a He doesnt have BLOOD Not a MURDERER
-------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------
Gn23-04b PLOT OF GRAVE Burial Plot *12
Dt25-09a Spit IN FACE Spit TOWARDS HIM *1
Lv05-04a Swear by lips Verbally(Explicitly) *2
Ex28-08a Belt OF his AYPHOD Belt USED with AYPHOD *3
Ex28-31a the dress OF AYPHD Aypohd USED with DRES *3
NOTES
-----
*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him
The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal
whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means
SPIT TOWARDS HIM
*2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I
am angry and start ranting and raving without
however fully articulating everything on my mind
-- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND
but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly)
*3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH
Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)
Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11
-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------
*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and
the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY
is that
- LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered
the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS
refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE
- LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy--
for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to
SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES.
The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer
to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not
always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words
it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule.
The metonomy of most of the examples in this list
can be inferred from context.
*11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get
aroused from merely seeing something patched (which
reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender).
Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER.
The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the
reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance
of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES.
It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches
that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating
bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females
became aroused the males mated them.
So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP
by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS.
*12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to
a plot of land (without any additional words):
------------------------------------------------------
Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT
Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance
Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers
------------------------------------------------------
==========================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website
Volume 24 Number 19
#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 24 Number 19