#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
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VERSE: Ex18-18c

RASHIS COVERED: Ex18-18c Ex18-26b Ex19-04d Ex19-22b

================================ Ex18-18c ===========================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One  of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning.
Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM
occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not
directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words
of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS
since the words acquire new meanings.

In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)

EXAMPLE 1: Ex18-18c
-------------------
In Hebrew as in English the word HEAVY can refer to a
- physical object that is to HEAVY to carry
- workLOAD that is too much to BEAR

EXAMPLE 2: Ex18-26b
-------------------
Ex18-26 speaks about
------------------------------
BRING the lawsuit before Moses
------------------------------
Here BRING does not mean to physically BRING but rather
to PRESENT.

EXAMPLE 3: Ex19-04d
-------------------
The Biblical phrase
-------------------------
I BROUGHT THEM to ME[GOD]
-------------------------
means
-----------------------------------
I BROUGHT THEM TO THE SERVICE OF ME
-----------------------------------
Here we clearly see the METNOMY--
ME=SERVICE OF ME
just as e.g.
AMERICA=PEOPLE OF AMERICA

EXAMPLE 4: Ex19-22b
-------------------
The Biblical phrase
----------------------------
The priests who APPROACH GOD
----------------------------
means
-------------------------------------------------
The priests who approach the ALTAR/SERVICE OF GOD
-------------------------------------------------
Here we clearly see the METNOMY--
APPROACH GOD=APPROACH ALTAR OF GOD
just as e.g.
AMERICA=PEOPLE OF AMERICA

Finally LIST871d presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST871d
List of idioms using     Metonomy (Meaning by relation)
=====================================================================

========================= LIST871d =============================
List of words which identify items with related items*1
================================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE  METONOMY(ITEM means RELATED ITEM)
======== ============== =================================
Ex19-22b APPROACH GOD   APPROACH ALTAR/SERVICE OF GOD
Ex19-04d BRING to GOD   BRING to SERVICE OF GOD
Ex18-26b BRING lawsuit  PRESENT lawsuit (Like English)
Ex18-18c HEAVY workLOAD Too much to BEAR(like English)
Ex12-05b SON OF A YEAR  One year old
Ex10-05a EYE of earth   APPEARANCE of earth
Ex03-02a HEART of FIRE  MIDST of FIRE*15
Ex03-22b HouseForeigner House staff are like foreigners
Ex05-08d they're LOOSE  they are LAZY
Ex04-16b HeIsYour MOUTH he is your SPOKESMAN*15
Gn41-44c no lift HAND   can't do ANY ACTIVITY
Gn33-14d (my) WORK      My BUSINESS = My FLOCK,I work on
Gn24-64a SWAY at SIGHT  Fell in Love*14
Gn24-64b SWAY at SIGHT  Fell in Love*14
Dt09-08a OIL-OLIVE      OLIVES known for producing OIL
Dt26-02b OIL-OLIVE      OLIVES known for producing OIL
Dt11-29a BLESSINGS face THE BLESSORS face
Gn33-13d KNOCK          Push/Urge on
Gn24-18a pitchr on HAND she lowered pitcher on her ARM
Ex30-13c HOLY coins     Coins used in HOLY TEMPLE matters
Dt18-01c FIRES of God   SACRIFICES offered on temple Fire
Gn25-22e Seek GOD       Seek PROPHETIC ADVICE of God*8*10
Ex18-15b Seek GOD       Seek PROPHETIC ADVICE of God*8*10
Ex14-25c EGYPT-the land Egyptians-the people*6
Gn24-32a opened MULES   opened MUZZLE OF MULES
-------  ------------   ------------------------------
Gn37-26b COVER blood    CONCEAL murder
Gn37-26b cover BLOOD    conceal MURDER
Dt29-19a SMOKING anger  Anger that makes person HOT
Gn13-02a Abraham HEAVY  Abraham-s assets NUMEROUS
Gn13-02a ABRAHAM heavy  ABRAHAM-S ASSETS numerous
Gn06-16a The OIL        WINDOW(For light);GLITTER-STONE(For lite
Gn06-16a The OIL        AFTERNOON (The oil-light time)*12
Nu14-09a Our BREAD      Our BREAD=Piece of CAKE(easy to comsume)
Nu01-51a LOWER Temple   TAKE IT DOWN (analogy;RAISE it=BUILD it)
Nu01-16a The INVITED    The DISTINGUISHED(you always invite them
Ex18-09a He SHARPED*11  Mirth at SHARP word or TWINGED from pain
Ex14-24a MORNING WATCH  Guard Duty at DAWN*7
Gn49-09c ABOVE plunder  REMOVED from plundering (Above it)*5
Gn49-05b VIOLENT TOOLS  Criminal behavior*4
Gn45-18b FAT of land    BEST of land
Gn45-08a FATHER to Phrh FRIEND/ADVISOR to Pharoh
Gn43-34a He gave LIFTS  LIFTED THEIR SPIRIT-i.e. gifts
Gn41-35b HAND of Pharoh DOMAIN of Pharoh*2
Lv26-10b *9             Sign of PLENTY(have to remove old for nu
Lv26-04a *9             Sign of PLENTY-threshing seasn in HARVST

NOTES
-----
*1 Many examples in this list come from previous
   list in the metonomy series (LIST871a,
   LIST871b, LIST871c)

*2 See LIST871e for 6 Rashis mentioning this HAND=DOMAIN
   theme

*3 See LIST871f for verses where NSA means GIFT

*4 Rashi citing the Midrash Rabbah states
   -------------------------------------
   Your violence is something you VIOLATED
   from Esauv (You are killing like Esauv)
   -------------------------------------

   But I see no reason to see this Midrash
   as the PRIMARY simple meaning of the
   verse. The PRIMARY meaning of the verse
   is that Shimon and Levi were criminals
   The Midrash is simply adding a pun to this
   observation.

*5 See LIST871g for some examples

*6 This is a common metonomy that occurs in English
   (eg America-Americans etc).

   Rashi is cute here: He EXPLAINS the metonomy
   ----------------------------------------------
   When the soldiers die at sea their loved ones
   back in Egypt also suffer and in effect are
   smitten by God
   ----------------------------------------------
   Rashi does not contradict the metonomy--he
   simply shows why it is convenient to identify
   the LAND and PEOPLE.

*7 The night was traditionally divided into three
   times of Guard duty. The GUARD DUTY near dawn
   was called the MORNING WATCH (Cf Ju07-19 for
   confirmation that there was a BEGINNING WATCH, MIDDLE
   WATCH and DAWN WATCH)

*8 The phrases SEEK GOD, SEEK IN GOD, occur in several
   verses and denote SEEKING ADVICE OF GOD. Compare for
   example (1S09-09, 1K22-08 or even 2K01-03 (Seeking
   advice of idolatrous gods). For alternate meanings
   see note *10.

*9 The exact verse text is
   --------------------------------------------------
   You will have to remove the old grain for the new
   --------------------------------------------------
   This means
   ---------------------
   You will have plenty
   ---------------------

   In other words removal of the OLD for the NEW
   is simply something RELATED to PLENTY. The main
   theme is plenty.

   Similarly the Biblical text
   ------------------------------------------------------
   The threshing season will bump into the harvest season
   ------------------------------------------------------
   means
   --------------------
   you will have plenty
   --------------------
   Again the fact that we are STILL threshing when the
   harvest comes is something RELATED to having plenty.
   The main point is that there is PLENTY.

------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------------

*10 On Gn25-22e there is a delightful Ramban Rashi controversy
    Ramban points out that SEEK GOD can mean PRAYER. Rashi
    holds it means PROPHETIC ADVICE. I brought about a dozen
    verses which clearly show that
    - SEEK GOD can and does refer to PRAYER
    - SEEK GOD can and does refer to PROPHETIC ADVICE
    - SEEK GOD can and does refer to BOTH Prayer/Prophecy
    Hence I regard Ramban not as disagreeing with Rashi but
    rather as complementing him. For further details see
    http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn25-22d.htm

*11 Clearly the Hebrew YeeChad comes from the root CHAD
    which means SHARP. Rashi brings two opinions
    - It means HE SHARPED (Mirthed at a SHARP WORD)
    - It means HE TWINGED (Upset at PAINFUL news)

    But Radack brings STRONG support that CHAD means
    mirth. Indeed, in other verses, CHAD does mean
    MIRTH (As in eg Neh08-10 or P021-07).

    This controversy between Rashi and Radack
    can be resolved Grammatically. The grammatical
    form of VaYeeChad (Chirik, Patach) could come from
    either
    - INTENSE MODE of 1-2-Hey roots(Cheth-Daleth-Hey) or
    - PASSIVE MODE of 1-2-2 roots(Cheth-Daleth-Daleth)

    In the intense mode CHAD means MIRTH(Radack)

    But in the PASSIVE MODE it would correspond to
    RECEIVING (PASSIVE!) a SHARP twinge at hearing
    bad news.

   Hence the controversy is on the root and mode
    of the word.

    This explanation makes both viewpoints respectable
    since Rashi would concede that CHEDVAH which
    definitely comes from Cheth-Daleth-Hey means
    MIRTH; Rashi could still maintain that Yee-Chad
    means TWINGED since it comes from a different root

    Rashi also points out that the translation
    TWINGED would show that despite Jethros
    happiness he still felt sorry for the Egyptians
    thus showing the conflict between his past(non-jew)
    and future (friend of Jews)

*12 AFTERNOON-LIGHT-OIL is an example of DOUBLE METONOMY
    See LIST871c for other examples.

*13 Although Rashi comments on the phrase OIL-OLIVES the
    phrase does not occur in Dt28-02b. This is obviously
    a scribal error. (See sifsay Chachamim who "explains"
    why the Rashi comments differ in the two verses. My
    point of view is that Rashi is stating the same thing
    and through a scribal error the Rashi was erroneously
    repeated in Dt28-02b.

*14 The Hebrew root used is Nun-Pay-Lamed.
    One naiive translation is FALL.
    But EVEN if we translate this way we have Rashi reading
    -------------------------------------------------
    RASHI: She FELL AT SIGHT OF HIM--this means
    -----  She Fell in love with him at first sight
    -------------------------------------------------

    But Rashi goes deeper. Most people falling in love
    do not fall down. Rather they feel dizzy and perhaps
    sway. Rashi (as does the Radack) points out that
    --------------------------------------------------
    Nun-Pay-Lamed has a basic meaning of FALL. However
    it can mean ANY RELATED meaning (METONOMY!).
    Radack brings as examples
    - sway
    - being secondary
    - military swoop on a camp
    - to barge in on guests
    --------------------------------------------------

    Many other examples are given. For this reason we
    have simply translated the Rashi as saying that
    SWAY AT SIGHT = LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.

*15 Certain IDIOMS represent NEW MEANING by
    - FORM (e.g. HEART of FIRE=MIDST of FIRE)
    - or FUNCTION (e.g. your MOUTH=your SPOKESMAN)
    See
    - LIST810b
    - LIST810c
    - LIST813a
    - LIST815a
===============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 28 Number 23


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 28 Number 23