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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
  |      (C) Dr Hendel, Summer 2000                          |
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VERSE: Ex22-04a


RASHIS COVERED: Ex22-04a


COMMENT:
=======
This is a peach of a Rashi which uses many valuable principles
and techniques which we have advocated on this list. In
translating this verse the capped words represent translations
or coined terms of Rashi. Parenthetical words represent words
not in the text which are inserted to make the translation
smoother. The footnotes explain the coined terms. The Bible
is speaking about a person who lets his animal do animal
damage to another persons field: In such a case the animals
owner must pay.

COMMENT:
=======
The Rashis here complete the analysis of the Chapter of
Rambam we started several issues back in the Golden Rambam
Rashi series.


TRANSLATION OF Ex22-04
======================
>When a person >ANIMALS *1< a field or vineyard
------(for example): He lets his animal go (or)
-------------------:(the animal) >ANIMALS*1< the field of another
-then from the best real estate will the owner pay damages<



OVERVIEW
========
As we shall see in the footnotes, the coined term >the animal
ANIMALS in another field< refers to >TYPICAL ANIMAL ACTIVITY<
the same way for example that the word >TO FAN< means to do
the typical activity of the >FAN<.


NOTES
=====
*1 One of the contributions of this list is to emphasize
   what we have called >SEMANTIC RULES<.

   Recall that a >GRAMMATICAL RULE< conjugates a grammatical
   root so as to indicate >WHO< is doing the action, >WHEN<
   the action took place, etc. For example the root
   >Shin-Mem-Resh< means >TO WATCH<. Then the conjugation
   >Shim-Mem-Resh-TAUV-YUD< means >I WATCHED< while the
   conjugation >TAUV-Shin-Mem-Resh< means >YOU WILL WATCH<
   Thus >GRAMMATICAL CONJUGATION< which can be learned in
   many popular books is a way of modifying the fundamental
   meaning of the root so as to indicate WHO, WHEN etc.

   By contrast a >SEMANTIC RULE< semantically conjugates
   a hebrew root so as to indicate >SEMANTIC FUNCTION:<
   Are we talking about the >ACTIVITY<(Verb), the >PLACE THE
   ACTIVITY WAS DONE< (indirect object), the >AMOUNT OF THE
   ACTIVITY DONE< (Adverb), >THE RECIPIENT OF THE ACTIVITY<
   (Direct Object), etc?

   Since this is not usually taught in schools or books it
   may look a little abstract. But we can concretize the idea
   of a >SEMANTIC RULE< by giving simple examples:

   --To >CHAIR< a meeting is to do the usual actions of a CHAIR
     Thus the word >CHAIR< can either refer to a person (noun)
     or activity (verb).

   --A plane runs on a >RUNWAY<
     Thus the >RUNWAY< is WHERE the activity of RUNNING is done
     Thus the word RUN can refer either to the activity or to
     WHERE the activity is done

   -->TO FATTEN< something is to make it >FAT<
      ie The activity consists of INCREASING the attribute of FAT

   -->a GROWN apple< refers to an object(noun) that has already
      gone thru the activity (verb) of >GROWING<

   In all these examples the same word (with appropriate semantic
   transformations) can refer to either a noun, verb, adjective
   etc. Further examples are presented in the LIST below which
   come from http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n7.htm and
   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ex09-31a.htm

   Returning to our verse Ex22-04 we easily see that from the
   Hebrew root >Beth-Ayin-Resh< which means >ANIMAL< (a noun or
   object) we can obtain the verb >HE ANIMALS< (a coined term)
   which would mean >HE LETS HIS ANIMAL DAMAGE<.

   This is exactly what Rashi says
   >The phrases
   --->if a person ANIMALS a field<
   --->lets his ANIMAL go<
   --->it (the animal) ANIMALS the field of another person<
   all refer to >ANIMAL ACTIVITY<

   The closest example in English would be
   -->TO FAN< the typical activity of the >FAN< or
   -->TO CHAIR< the typical activity of the >CHAIR<


We now present the LIST on SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS.

RULE: Properties and attributes (like "COLOR") can become
activities ("TO COLOR"). (Similarly activities can become
properties--similarly objects and activites can interchange)


EXAMPLES (Of nouns verbs and adjectives changing)
--------
(1) TO GROW from GROWN*1
(2) TO FREEZE from FROZEN*1

(3) TO WIDEN from WIDE*2
(4) TO FATTEN from FAT*2

(5) TO CHAIR from CHAIR*3
(6) TO FAN from FAN*3

(7) RUNWAY from TO RUN*4
(8) SPRING from SPROUTED*4

NOTES:
-----
*1 Something grown has ALREADY gone thru Growth. Something
frozen has ALREADY gone thru freezing

*2 TO widen is to INCREASE width. To fatten is to INCREASE fat

*3 "to fan" is to do the USUAL activities of a fan. To "CHAIR"
is to do the USUAL activities of the person who sits in a chair


*4 The runway IS WHERE planes run. The SPRING is the season
WHEN things SPROUT (Rashi)


RASHI RULE USED: USAGE
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website

Volume 8 Number 11


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