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VERSE: Gn18-10b

======================== Gn18-10b =============================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on
the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques
in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline,
bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible
indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example
- the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION
- the BIble indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING keywords
The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without
any formal structure.

EXAMPLE Gn18-10b
----------------------------------
Gn18-10 states
-------------------------------------------
The Angel said
- I will RETURN RETURN to you
- at this very time next year
- and behold--Sarah your wife
- will have a boy
--------------------------------------------

Rashi comments on the repeated word RETURN RETURN
-------------------------------------------
The word is interpreted BROADLY
- I, the angel, will RETURN to you
- If not me then God, whom I represent will return
--------------------------------------------

In fact Gn21-01:02 states
-----------------------------------------------
And GOD appointed to Sarah as He said...
Sarah gave birth to a boy...
-----------------------------------------------

Thus we see that the repeated RETURN RETURN
with the consequent BROAD interpretation by
Rashi is consistent with what the Biblical
text actually says.

LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are
interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION.
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        REPETITION
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      BROAD
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #20
SEE BELOW                LIST150a
List of verses with      REPEATED words interpreted broadly
==================================================================

========================= LIST150a ===========================
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly
==============================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE          EMPHASIS...DO IT...
======== ====================== ==============================
Gn18-10b I-ll RETURN RETURN     If not ME, then GOD, returns
-------  ---------------------  -----------------------------
Dt24-19b frgt FIELD FIELD hrvst Forget:a)harvest b)standing*9
Ex23-19b No COOK milk in meat   On Festivals: Dont even EAT*8
Ex34-26b No COOK milk in meat   On festivals: Dont even EAT*8
Dt14-21c No COOK milk in meat   Not even nonKosher to nonJew*8
-------  ---------------------  -----------------------------
Dt01-05b EXPLAIN EXPLANATION*13 Provide Explanation Tchniques
Nu33-40a Aaron died;Arad wars   Aaraon's death encouraged war
Nu36-04c BORDER:Sea & BORDERs   BORDER=SEA BORDER=Islands
Nu22-21b Went with MOAB MOAB    a)went physicaly b)agreed with
Nu13-30c we-ll GO UP GO UP      we-ll WIN WAR no matter what
Lv20-09a PARENTS...PARENTS      EVEN after death
Lv19-22a the SIN HE SINNED      WHETHER willful or inadvertent
Dt13-16a HIT HIT by sword       EVEN by Fire
Dt15-08b GIVE GIVE charity      EVEN by loaning
Dt16-20a PURSUE PURSUE Justice  EVEN for mistaken aquitals
Ex12-09c COOK COOK in water     EVEN in other liquids
Lv13-35a SPREAD SPREAD after OK EVEN if SPREAD while impure
Lv17-13a HUNT A HUNT*10         EVEN for a non-hunted animal
-------  ---------------------  -----------------------------
Nu05-22c women says AMEN AMEN*5 Adultery from marriage:engaged
Lv25-26c no menial work(repeat) Master to slave;King to subjct
Lv20-02b EXECUTE EXECUTE        EVEN by the masses*1
Lv07-19b MEAT:all MEAT eatable  Even if PART of organ bad*3
Lv05-15b TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl Not only eating;any benefit*2
Lv13-44a DECLARE DECLARE impure EVEN if not a head leprosy*4

NOTES
------
*1 Supported  by Dt17-06:07 which states
   --------------------------------------
   ..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute
   --------------------------------------

*2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full
   discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with
   this verse.

*3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby
   impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat
   that remained inside the temple (even though the two
   parts are connected)

*4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows
   ----------------------------------------------------
   If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then
   leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest
   reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his
   baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person
   is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall
   DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the
   affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head
   left wild....
   -----------------------------------------------------

   The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD
   interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of
   declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply
   not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person
   with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor

*5 Rashi actually brings down THREE consequences of
   the broad interpretation emanating from the repeated
   word
------------------------------------------------------
The word AMEN signifies acceptance of an oath of curse
- ACCEPTANCE whether she committed adultery from
  the suspected person OR from any other person

- ACCEPTANCE whether she cheated while married or
  whether she cheated while (BiblicallY) engaged

- ACCEPTANCE of both the OATH (I didnt commit adultery)
  as well as the consequent CURSE (May I be punished
  if I did commit adultery)
------------------------------------------------------

  From these three distinct interpretations we infer
  that the basic idea of Rashi is that
  -----------------------------------
  The repetition indicates ACCEPTANCE
  IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES
  -----------------------------------

*6 An alternative approach not based on repetition
   reviews all references to MOAB in Nu22-10:21. They
   are referred to as
   - Moabs princes
   - Balaks servants
   - Them
   - people
   If in Nu22-21 it refers to them as MOAB PRINCES
   -----------------------------
   Bilam went with Moabs princes
   -----------------------------
   The emphasis seems to be that he went with them
   and the Moabite philosophy (He agreed with them)

*7 Several points should be made on this unusual repetition
   - the repetition is not a repetition of a word or phrase
     within one verse but rather a repetition in separate
     verses

   - the repetition does not suggest an emphasis in a word
     or phrase but rather an emphasis in a juxtaposition--
     two juxtaposed events are seen as causing or enabling
     each other
     -- Aaron's death
     -- the war by Arad

     The repeating sets of verses are
     - Nu20-22:29, Nu21-01 and
     - Nu33-38:40 states*11

*8 Since Ex23-19b, Ex34-26b speaks about
  - See God on Festivals three times a year
  - Don't cook the meat of a kid in milk of mother
  therefore we extend the prohibition of COOKING to
  EATING since on the festivals one eats the
  FESTIVE offerings
  Since Dt14-21c states that one should
  sell non-Kosher meat (of birds) to non-Jews
  therefore, since the context is one of non-Jews
  we extend the prohibition to
  - not BENEFITING from milk and meat
  - not even cooking milk and NON-KOSHER meat

  Finally Rashi makes an additional linguistic point
  - The word KID is a GENERAL word (like in English)
  - which can refer to an ANIMAL, BIRD or BEAST kid.

  The word KID occurs 10 times in the Bible
  - 7 times it occurs as KID OF GOATS
  - in the 3 verses prohibiting milk and meat it
    simply says KID.

  Rashi states
  ---------------------------------------
  Since it usually says KID OF GOATS therefore
  KID by itself could refer to KID of any
  animal
  ---------------------------------------

  I would view this as a supportive proof. The real
  point is that KID refers to a YOUNGSTER and hence
  (as in English) can mean the YOUNGSTER of animals
  birds or beasts.

*9
Dt24-19 states
-------------------------------------------
When you harvest a
harvest in your FIELD
and you forget a bundle in the FIELD
then do not return to take it;
leave it for the sojourner, orphan and widow
...
--------------------------------------------

Rashi comments on the repeated word FIELD
-------------------------------------------
The law of leaving forgotten items for the poor
applies to any item left in the FIELD
- whether you forget a harvested bundle
- or you forget to harvest a standing attached grain
In each case you must leave the forgotten item for the poor
--------------------------------------------

------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------------
*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks
   ------------------------------------------------
   But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED
   (non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the
   phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks
   about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not
   eat meat except on special occassions and after
   significant work like a hunt
   ------------------------------------------------

*11 It is instructive to compare our explanation with
    Rashi's wording. Rashi states on the verse
    ----------------------------------------------
    And king of Arad HEARD when Jews came to SPY-ROAD
    ----------------------------------------------

    Rashi states on Nu21-01a
    -------------------------------------------
    What did he HEAR? He heard that Aaron died
    -------------------------------------------

    This of course is rediculous. The verse
    explicitly states
    ----------------------------------------
    He HEARD that the Jews came
    ----------------------------------------

    But Rashi HIMSELF clarifies his position
    on Nu33-40a Rashi states
    ---------------------------------------
    The set of verses relating a) Aarons death
    and b) the declaration of war by Arad, is
    repeated to emphasize that one caused the
    other*12
    ---------------------------------------

    Thus we see that Rashi HIMSELF contradicts his
    early play on words WHAT DID HE HEAR? HE HEARD
    OF AARONS DEATH. Such play on words is typical
    in Rashi---Rashi lived before the printing
    press-- by phrasing homilies in turns of
    word plays he facilitated memorization
    and retention in students.

*12 Rashi provides a possible explanation as to why
    Aaron's death would encourage Arad to declare war
    Rashi conjectures that Aaron, as High Priest,
    was a spiritual force not only for the Jews but
    for surrounding nations.When he died Arad decided
    the Jews would lack their spiritual backup and
    decided it was time to declare war.

*13 Several points on Rashi
    - Rashi literally says
    --------------------------------
    Moses translated the Torah in 70 languages
    --------------------------------
    This might mean the 70 languages of the world
    (Arab, French, Chinese etc)

    We however have translated 70 LANGUAGES to also mean
    70 LITERARY TECHNIQUES. For example in expounding
    the text Moses could point out ALIGNED VERSES,
    or CONTRADiCTORY VERSES, or REPEATED WORDS...
    Each of these is a TECHNIQUE of TRANSLATION similar
    to what we do in this Rashi list. Our motivation
    for such a re-translation of Rashi is the fact
    that Rashi is commenting on the repeated phrase
    EXPLAINED EXPLANATION

    - the verse also states EXPLAINED GOOD EXPLANATIONS
      The word GOOD gives extra emphasis. The
      simplest approach is that Rashi explained BOTH
      the REPETITION and the word GOOD: Moses did both
    - he translated the Torah into other languages
    - he expounded the Torah based on techniques.
===========================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 27 Number 24


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 27 Number 24