#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
  |      (C) RashiYomi Inc., Dr Hendel President             |
  |       http://www.RashiYomi.Com                           |
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VERSE: Gn42-03b

RASHIS COVERED: Gn42-03b Gn42-05a Gn42-12a

========================= Gn42-03b ============================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals was to explain GRAMMAR similar to
the way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. We call this the
Rashi rule of GRAMMAR.

Although a major part of GRAMMAR deals with verb conjugation
there are other parts of grammar. Rashi in todays posting
deals with the SEQUENCE and ORDER of words in a sentence.
We call this the Rashi subrule of WORD ORDER. A great debt
is owed to the 19th century commentator, Malbim, who pointed
out both the power and simplicity of using word order to
explain Midrash.

EXAMPLE Gn42-03b
----------------
The Biblical text states
-------------------------------------
The brothers 10 went down to Egypt
-------------------------------------

Rashi (paraphrased) states
------------------------------------
It does not say THE TEN BROTHERS
but rather THE BROTHERS TEN. A rule
of grammar states that when the
ADJECTIVE (TEN) goes after the
NOUN(BROTHERS) it connotes distinctness.
Hence we infer that the 10 brothers
went down in 10 distinct paths...that
is they entered the city not together
but thru 10 different city gates
------------------------------------

LIST071b below exhaustively examines the 3
possible reasons for NOUN-ADJ order in
sentences.

Another Rashi rule that will supplements the
above is the Rashi rule of WORD MEANING, when
Rashi attempts to present dictionary meaning.

An associated Rashi subrule is the SYNONYM
subrule--here, Rashi doesnt present dictionary
meaning but rather contrasts the nuances of
words with almost identical meaning.

In http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n6.htm,
in LIST955j we showed several Rashis where
- Tauv-Caph means CENTRALLY IN vs
- Beth which means IN.

Using this concept we can supplement the
above analysis. The Biblical text at Gn42-05a states
-----------------------------------------
Jacobs sons came CENTRALLY AMONG those
who sought food
-----------------------------------------


Rashi states
-----------------------------------------
They came CENTRALLY AMONG--they entered
thru 10 gates and acted inconspicuously
-----------------------------------------

Rashi here combines the inferences from
- brothers 10 vs 10 brothers
- Tauv-Vav-Caph vs Beth
The two ideas together teach us that
- the brothers came thru 10 gates
- and acted inconspicuously so as not
  to attrac attention

We are not updating LIST955j which contains
examples of Tauv-Vav-Caph since an other
principle is in use at Gn42-05a

Finally we may further supplement the above
derivations using the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT.
Here Rashi ALIGNS texts that are almost
identical word for word; the minor differences
between the two texts allow inferences of nuances.
We call this the Rashi subrule of NUANCE.

The Biblical text at Gn42-06 states
------------------------------------------------
Joe He is ruler    over      land
--- He is supplier to    ALL people of the land
*1   *2            *3     *4 *5
------------------------------------------------

Notice how the second part of the verse emphasizes
the word ALL people (Difference #4).  From this
subtle difference the Midrash Rabbah states
--------------------------------------------
Joseph kept auditors at all entry points;
Joseph kept track of EVERY person who
entered to obtain food
--------------------------------------------

The Midrash learns this from the word ALL. It
also makes sense. If you are dispensing food then
you want to make sure that no fraud takes place so
you must have a way of checking for duplicate requests.
Although this is logical the Midrash derives it
from the alignment.

Rashi at Gn42-12a states
-------------------------------------
Joseph told the brothers: You entered
thru 10 check points. I infer that
you are spies from the fact that you
hid your common identity
-------------------------------------

Here Rashi connects two ideas
- the inference that the brothers came
  thru 10 gates which we infer from the
  NOUN-ADJ order
- the inference that Joseph knew who
  came thru each gate, which we infer
  from the alignment of Gn42-06

LIST308j below summarizes this alignment.
==============================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =====================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS:     WORD ORDER
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW                LIST071b
Lists of verses with     NOUN-ADJ orders-e.g. brothers 10
-----------------------  ----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS:        ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW                LIST308j
List of verses with      Joe:Rules LAND vs provides ALL people
==============================================================

======================= LIST308j ==============================
List of verses with      Joe:Rules LAND vs provides ALL people
===============================================================
VERSE   #1  #2 Phrase#3    #4    #5  Phrase#6
======= === == =========== ===== === ==========================
Gn42-06 Joe He is ruler    over  --- land
Gn42-06 --- He is supplier to    ALL people of the land
Differs *1 *2  *3          *3    *3   *3

NOTES
-----
*1 The word JOE is elliptically carried over to the
   2nd half of the verse

*2 Same word

*3 Joes RULE OVER LAND but  SUPPLIED TO ALL PEOPLE OF LAND
   The emphasis seems to be on ALL PEOPLE

   This teaches the obvious idea that since he was
   providing food he instituted checks at all entry
   points so as to check for fraud from duplicates.

   In this way Joseph knew that his 10 brothers entered
   from 10 different gates. This in turn aroused
   suspicioun that the 10 were spying.
===============================================================


========================= LIST071b ===========================
Lists of verses with     NOUN-ADJ orders-e.g. brothers 10
==============================================================
VERSE    ORDER    Meaning of 10   TEXT OF VERSE
======== ======== =============== ============================
Gn45-23a Adj-Noun Simple sentence He sent 10 mules*1
Lv27-07  Adj-Noun Simple sentence females: pay 10 talents*1
Nu11-32  Adj-Noun Simple sentence ...gathered 10 units*1
Ju06-27  Adj-Noun Simple sentence Gidon took 10 men*1
Ju20-10  Adj-Noun Simple sentence we will take 10 men per 100
1S25-08  Adj-Noun Simple sentence David sent 10 lads*1
2S18-11  Adj-Noun Simple sentence I should give you 10 coins
1K14-03  Adj-Noun Simple sentence take 10 loaves of bread
Gn24-10  Adj-Noun Simple sentence He took 10 camels
-----    ------   -------------   ------------------------
Gn32-16  Noun-Adj List*2          Jacob sent animals: Cows:10
Ex27-12  Noun-Adj List*2          The measurements: pillars:10
-----    ------   -------------   ------------------------
Jo17-05  Noun-Adj distinct,unique Menashes lot was portions 10
Gn42-03a Noun-Adj distinct,unique Brothers 10 went down*3
Da01-10  Noun-Adj distinct,unique He tested them days 10*3
2C04-08  Noun-Adj distinct,unique He made tables 10*3

NOTES
-----
*1 In a simple sentence
   - the order is Adj-noun (e.g. 10 objects)
   - the meaning is 10 similar objects

*2 In a list numbers come after the nouns. The full text
   had several more items. e.g. Gn32-14:16 states
   ----------------------------------------------
   Jacob sent to his brother:
   FeMale goats         200
   Male goats           20
   FeMale Rams          200
   Male Rams            20....
   Female Cows          40
   Male Cows            10...
   ----------------------------------------------

   So the NOUN-ADJ order indicates presence of a list

*3 The Noun-Adj order in an ordinary non-list sentence
   indicates uniqueness and non-similarity
   EXAMPLE: He tested them on days 10
   MEANS: He tested them on 10 distinct(non-consecutive) days

   EXAMPLE:Menashes lot was portions 10
   MEANS: Menashe had 10 distinct (not connected portions)

   EXAMPLE(Gn42-03a): The brothers 10 went down
   MEANS: They went down in 10 distinct paths (Rashi: Gn42-03a)
   See *10 for further details

--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ------------------------

*10 It is common to use a political approach---we READ INTO
    the story that the brothers tried to be inconspicuous
    but Joseph caught them. We then attribute political motives

    But the approach on Rashi is Simple is GRAMMATICAL.
    Rashi infers the distinctness of 10 paths from the
    NOUN-Adj order which denotes uniqueness and distinctness
    After deriving this from grammar we are entitled to
    infer philosophical ideas
================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 24 Number 7


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 24 Number 7