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VERSE: Lv07-02a

RASHIS COVERD: Lv07-02a Lv01-02h Lv01-02i Gn49-28c

================== Lv07-02a ========================

VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain the
rules of Grammar the same way Hebrew grammar
books explain grammar.

One important focus of grammar is the
plural-singular principles. Many people naively
believe that every sentence must be ALL singular
or ALL plural. In fact combining SINGULAR with
PLURAL is very common in sentences.

A variety of examples and rules are presented
below.  Here are some simple guidelines and
examples

RULE 1
------
SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS

-- SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO
commonality (Every person does it his own way)

EXAMPLE
-------
After Benjamin was caught, each of Jacobs sons,
HE MOUNTED HIS DONKEY

(RASHI: They were so upset they mounted
individually without helping each other)


RULE 2
------
PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg
-- each person THEY RETURN to HIS inheritance

PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates
---- a COMMON act
---- but INDIVIDUALLY done

EXAMPLE
-------
So the JUBILEE year is a COMMON free-er
of all slaves (PLURAL: THEY RETURN). But
each person goes back to HIS individual
inheritance.

RULE 3
------
PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices

PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done
by the community as a whole.

EXAMPLE
--------
So SINGULAR (HE OFFERS) indicates a personal
UP offering while by contrast a PLURAL (THEY
OFFER) indicates a COMMUNITY UP OFFERING
(Brought by the community as a whole)

There are more rules but this will suffice for now
====================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== ========================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS:     PLURAL-SINGULAR
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW                LIST070a
List of verses with      Plural-Singular verses
=================================================


================= LIST070a ===========================

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This whole list and set
---------------- of principles is due to MALBIM
whose teachings on the simplicity of Biblical
exegesis are profound and everlasting. OUr modest
contribution is to present HIS list in tabular
FORMAT.

The list below presents verses which mix SINGULAR
and PLURAL. Here are some rough rules

RULE 1
------
SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS

SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO
commonality (Every person does it his own way)

RULE 2
------
PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg
-- each person RETURNS to HIS inheritance

PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates
---- a COMMON act
---- but INDIVIDUALLY done

RULE 3
------
PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices

PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done
by the community as a whole.

There are more rules but this will suffice for now
======================================================
SINGULAR S  PLURAL Verb    SINGULAR OBJECT    VERSE
=========== ============== ================== ========
Each person unloaded*1     his sack           Gn44-11
Each person dreamed*1      his dream          Gn40-05
Each person sold   *1      his field          Gn47-20
Each person gleaned*1      his needs          Gn16-16
Each person opened *1      his sack           Gn44-11
Each person returns*1      to his inheritance Lv25-13
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person won-t withold  his burial plot*2  Gn23-06
Each person if he suspects his wife  *2       Nu05-12
Each person if he redeems  his tenth *2       Lv27-31
let them    make tzitzith  for themselves*3   Nu15-38
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person was blessed    by his blessing *4 Gn49-28c
each person took           his sword *4       Gn34-25
each person took           his incensor*4     Lv10-01
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person HE mounted     his donkey *5      Gn44-13
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person who offers     a sacrifice        Lv01-02
they will   offer          their sacrifices*6 Lv01-02
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
where they  they slaughter the UP Offering    Lv07-01
(there..)   they slaughter the GUILT offering Lv07-01
its blood   he spills*7    on the altar       Lv07-01
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------

NOTES
-----
*1 This PLURAL-SINGULAR is rather normal usage.
   So eg EACH PERSON THEY UNLOADED THEIR SACKS
   means that
   - they unloaded TOGETHER (eg at the same time
     or helping each other)
   - but they each unloaded their individual
   sacks

*2 Note the IF and NOT. The SINGULAR SINGULAR
   is appropriate. Eg IF SOMEONE SUSPECTS
   HIS WIFE (It doesnt necessarily apply to
   the whole group)!

   Similarly NO INDIVIDUAL PERSON WILL DENY
   HIS BURIAL PLOT TO YOU means that
   no particular person will so deny.

*3 Malbim suggests that COMMANDS can be
   stated in the plural when they apply
   to everybody (that is everybody has to
   make Tzitzith)

*4 So we see elements of COMMONALITY (PLURAL) and
   INDIVIDUALITY (SINGULAR) in these verses.

   - Each person THEY took HIS incensor
     RASHI: They didnt do it as a group
     The didnt consult each other

   - Each  person THEY took HIS sword
     RASHI: They didnt do it as group
     They didnt consult each other

   - Each person THEY WERE BLESSED
     according to THEIR blessing
     RASHI: So although the blessings
     were individual (eg Judah was a lion
     and Naftali was a Gazelle) nevertheless
     their was a commonality--that is Jacob
     bless all of them as a group with
     the blessings and benefits of each
     individual member.

*5 Note the SINGULAR SINGULAR form---the brothers were
   upset at Benjamin being framed and hence they
   didnt think of each other---they EACH MOUNTED
   IN THEIR OWN WAY WITHOUT ANY UNISON

*6 So the first part of the verse talks about offering
   a voluntary individual offering. The 2nd part of
   the verse speaks about offering a voluntary
   communal offering (Hence the singular-plural)

*7 So although the verse talks about the GUILT
   offering nevertheless, it makes a general
   comment about COMMUNAL offerings:

   - wherever ANY communal UP offering is slaughtered
   - there, the GUILT offering is slaughtered

   As a side inference we see that the Torah assumes
   that ALL UP offerings (Individual-communal) are
   offered in the NORTH
========================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 17 Number 6


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 17 Number 6