#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Lv13-23b
RASHIS COVERED: Lv13-23b Lv13-39b Lv13-45a Lv13-45b Lv14-04f
======================== Lv13-23b ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.
Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. Today we examine
three of them.
EXAMPLE: NAMING BY APPEARANCE - WORM WOOL
-----------------------------------------
All languages allow naming by appearance. For example
the phrase ORANGE shirt names the color ORANGE by a
fruit having that color. Similarly (Lv14-04f) WORM WOOL
refers to wool died with worms blood that appears red.
LIST810b presents other words named by appearance
EXAMPLE: SYNONYMS--TEAR
-----------------------
In the synonyms method Rashi seeks not to explain meaning
but rather assumes the meaning is known and Rashi seeks
to clarify the nuances between words with similar meaning.
To understand Rashi on Lv13-45a we require the RADACK
book of ROOTS: QR& and PRM both mean to TEAR
- QR& refers to general tearing
- PRM refers to tearing at the seams (RADACK)
The root PRM is very rare occurring only 3 times in the
Bible.
LIST955z below presents lists of synonym pairs explained
by Rashi.
EXAMPLE: 2-4 Letter roots
-------------------------
At times Rashi would identify the meaning of a 3 letter
root by viewing the three letter root as composed of its
two letter components and one letter. By analyzing the
meaning of the two letter root and the remaining letter
Rashi would arrive at the meaning of the 3 letter root.
Rashi believed that for purposes of grammatical conjugation
three letter roots were used while for purposes of meaning
two letter roots are used.
EXAMPLE: PR& = Pasture like
---------------------------
The Hebrew root PR& refers to letting hair grow
wild. It comes from the root R& which refers to
pastures. Wild hair looks like a pasture. The initial
PAY simply intensifies the meaning: HERE (Pay) is
a PASTURE(R&) = WILD GROWTH.
LIST910p below presents other roots with initial PAY
EXAMPLE: BHQ = breakout
-----------------------
The Hebrew root BQ means to SPLIT. The Hebrew
letter HAY means THE and intensifies. The
combination, BHQ means A GOOD EXAMPLE OF A SPLIT,
that is, a BREAKOUT. It refers to a breakout of
ordinary white looking flesh against a background
of inflammations.
LIST910q below presents roots with 2nd letter hey
EXAMPLE: CRB = burn
-------------------
The root CRB only occurs 2-3 times in the Bible. It
refers to a BURN. It comes from the two letter root
CRH which means TIGHT and refers to TIGHTNESS of skin
accompanying a burn. The terminal letter BETH simply
indicates the SOURCE or HOUSE (Beth) of the activity.
So CRB, the BURN, is the SOURCE that HOUSES, TIGHTNESS
LIST910r below presents roots with terminal Beth.
==============================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =====================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2-4 LETTER ROOTS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST910p
List of roots with Pay=Intense example of remaining root
---------------------- ----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST910q
List of roots with Middle HEY=intense example
---------------------- ----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST910r
List of roots with Terminal beth=SOURCE OF
---------------------- ----------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST955z
List of Synonym pairs
---------------------- ----------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 Methods of Naming
SEE BELOW LIST810b
List of items named by their FORM/APPEARANCE
==============================================================
========================= LIST910p ============================
List of roots with Middle HEY=intense example
===============================================================
ROOT MEANS PEY= OTHER TWO LETTERS MEAN HEBREW 2 LETTER
==== ======= ====== =========================== ===============
P-R& wild Xample pasture like R& *1
P-AR splndor Xample light AR *2
P-XM coal Xample heat XM *3
P-GL disgust Xample Dung GLL *4
P-RQ unload Xample Empty RQ *5
NOTES
-----
*1 WILD HAIR is EXEMPLIFIED by (WILD) PASTURE (Lv13-45b)
*2 SPLENDOR is EXEMPLARY LIGHT
*3 BURNING COAL is a good example of HEAT
*4 DISGUST is EXEMPLIFIED by DUNG
*5 UNLOADING is EXEMPLIFIED by EMPTYING
===============================================================
========================= LIST910q ============================
List of roots with Middle HEY=intense example
===============================================================
ROOT MEANS HEY= OTHER TWO LETTERS MEAN HEBREW 2 LETTER
==== ======= ====== =========================== ===============
BHQ brkout Xampl to split BQ*1
ZHR radiate Xampl spread ZRH*2
NHR stream Xampl candle NR*3
--- ----- ----- ---------------------- -------------
BHT exprsiv Xampl Expressive BTA*4
DHM silent Xampl silent DM*4
NOTES
-----
*1 So a BREAKOUT of flesh among inflammations is an
EXAMPLE of SPLITTING (of inflammation for healthy tissue)
(Lv13-39b)
*2 So RADIANCE is an EXAMPLE of SPREADING
*3 So a STREAM (of light) is EXEMPLIFIED by CANDLE
*4 In these examples the words with and without the HEY
seem to have the same meaning. Note that
- BTA refers to EXPRESSION of words
- BHT refers to EXPRESSIVE marble
===============================================================
========================= LIST910r ============================
List of roots with Terminal beth=SOURCE OF
===============================================================
ROOT MEANS BETH= FIRST TWO LETTERS MEAN HEBREW 2 LETTER
==== ======= ====== =========================== ===============
cr-b burn SOURCE Tightness CRH*1
ar-b ambush SOURCE Pluck ARH*2
gr-b scratch SOURCE Drag GRR*3
zr-b melting SOURCE Spread ZRH*4
xr-b sword SOURCE Hole XRR*5
NOTES
-----
*1 Tightness of skin is a symptom of burns (Lv13-23b)
*2 AMBUSH are SOURCE(BO) of PLUCKING
*3 GR-B=scratching disease is SOURCE(BO) of DRAGGING
*4 MELTING=SOURCE(BO) of water SPREADING(ZRH)
*5 SWORD = SOURCE(BO) of HOLES(XR)
===============================================================
============= LIST810b ================================
List of items named by their FORM/APPEARANCE
=======================================================
VERSE TERM Refers to ...
======== ============== ===============================
Ex25-23a Table STATURE Table HEIGHT *3
Ex25-31d MENORAH THIGH Its Bottom(Rashi)
Ex40-22a Temple THIGH Temple SIDE
Ex40-22b Temple THIGH Temple SIDE
Lv01-11a Altar THIGH Altar SIDE
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Ex27-03a POT GARBAGE PAIL
Ex25-31f MENORAH BUD Bud-like ornament
Ex25-31g MENORAH FRUIT Fruit-like ornament
Ex25-31h MENORAH FLOWER FLOWER-like ornament
Ex28-33a POMEGRANATES POMEGRANATE ORNAMENTS
Gn31-10b HAIL-LIGHTNING PATCHED and STREAKED*10
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Lv13-03b CLOUD wound WHITE wound
Ex25-04a SKY thread Thread dyed SKY BLUE
Ex25-04b WORM Thread Thread DYED RED
Lv14-04f WORM wool wool DYED RED
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Lv13-55d PIT wound DEEP wound(Pechethet)
Lv13-18a LOW wound ABCESS
Ex39-01b SKY FLATTENED out*1
Lv11-09b Fish STUBBLE Fish SCALES
Ex25-25a Table CASING SURROUNDS table legs
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Nu31-50c The ROUND EARING JEWELRY
Ex28-32a MOUTH-HEAD NECK of a garment
Ex35-13a FACE BREAD Bread with 2 faces
Ex28-04d CHECKERED CHECKERED Garment
Lv11-03a RIPPED SPLIT hoofs
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Gn49-26e DESIRE ofWORLD EXPANSES of world*4
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi supplements this explanation by
citing verses where RKA means to
FLATTEN OUT(eg Isa42-05,P136-07,
2S22-43, Ez06-11,Ex39-03, Nu17-04,
Jr10-09--in all these verses RKA
means to flatten out/crush)
*2 Perhaps the punchiest example is the following
- PENTAGON - named by form
- U.N. ----- named by function
*3 - STATURE is an attribute of HUMANS
- HEIGHT is an attribute of OBJECTS
*4 Rashi makes the same point (Using Old French)
at Gn49-26c
-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------
*10 Rashi does say
--------------------------------------------
HAIL SHEEP means SHEEP WITH PATCHES; and
there are no supporting verses in the Bible
--------------------------------------------
It appears that Rashi is saying that this
meaning cant be proven.
But we did prove it using the principle of
form.
Rather what Rashi really means is that
-------------------------------------
this translation cannot be proven
using inference from USAGE IN OTHER
VERSES
-------------------------------------
Our point is that
-------------------------------------
This translation can be proven using
the principle of NAMING BY FORM
-------------------------------------
So Rashi was NOT making a magnanimous
statement that the meaning cant be
proven...rather he was simply stating
that it cant be proven by examining
other verses---it however can be proven
by using other rules such as naming
by FORM/APPEARANCE.
This is an important concept--there are
30-60 Rashi rules...often one rule doesnt
work but other rules do work. Understand
this.
=======================================================
========================= LIST955z =====================
List of Synonym pairs
LIST955z continues LIST955a
========================================================
VERSE WORD BASIC IDEA NUANCES
======== ====== ========== =============================
Lv13-45a PRM Tear tear ON SEAM
- - - - QR& Tear GENERAL tear
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Ex28-28c XBR Unite Unite
- - - - RKS Unite Unite by TIGHTENING*8
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu17-21a TWK In Centrally in *7
- - - - Beth In In
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Gn01-11a D$A FIELD MEADOW*6
- - - - &SW FIELD GRASS*6
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt28-68a ANIH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
- - - - SFINH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt18-03c Z-R-A HAND/THROW ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter
-------- Y-D-H HAND/THROW YD=hand; YDH=to throw
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt13-06a S-R-H FABRICATE it is REMOVED from reality*4
-------- B-D-A FABRICATE it is ISOLATED from reality
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt05-17b A-V-H DESIRE*3 desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ
Ex20-17 X-M-D DESIRE*3 COVET-desire ACQUISITION
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-25c P-X-D FEAR IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1
Dt11-25d M-R-H FEAR ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-14c I-R-H RAIN*2 FIRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground
Dt11-14d MLK$ RAIN*2 FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
NOTES
-----
*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that
- P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to
e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from
fear
- MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM
apprehension over the future.*10
*2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It
would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow
- MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH)
GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain
before the produce. See LIST910i *11
*3 It is hard to absolutely prove that
- A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs
- Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION
The verses show that
- A-V-H is an act of the HEART while
- Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS
See LIST955h for further details
(Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d)
*4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED
Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY
and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses
were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus
the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word
*5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between
ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from
verses. An interesting statistical note is the following
- SFINH occurs ONCE in the Bible
- ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible
- But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed
Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring
ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME
*6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass
- MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS
*7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN)
explains several Rashis:
Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c
Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j
*8 Hence
- Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment
- P031-21 Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together)
- Is40-04 God will smooth the TIGHT mountains
(Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains
close together with deep georges between them)*12
--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------
*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies
For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without
reference to etymologies and even without reference
to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem
reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the
synonyms.
*11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic.
However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation
of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this
particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally
from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS
usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it.
*12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE.
I have examined the verses and think the nuances
of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening
is more precise
Rashi and my analysis apparently override the
RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning
HIGH. Compare
- RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it)
- Save me from HAUGHTY people
- God will smooth the HIGH mountains
========================================================
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Volume 25 Number 14
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 25 Number 14