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VERSE: Lv25-53a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-53a Lv25-09b Lv25-43a Lv23-24a
Lv23-08d Lv23-36b Lv23-13a Lv13-13b
Lv13-13c
======================== Lv25-53a ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from
- the ALIGNMENT,
- that is, the word by word comparison,
of almost identical verses.The minor variations
between these almost similar verses suggests nuances
and differences or even meaning. We
call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT
-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES
-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.
-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.
EXAMPLE Lv25-43a
----------------
Note the differences in the following ALIGNED verses
---------------------------------------------------------------
- Lv25-43a JEWISH OWNER:Don't work him like an animal
- Lv25-53a NON JEW ONWER:Don't work him like an animal VISIBLY
- Differs *1 *2 *1
---------------------------------------------------------------
First some background. The Hebrew word Pay-Resh-Caph
which roughly means EXCESSIVELY has the ETYMOLOGY
LIKE(Kaph) an ANIMAL(PAR). Rashi explains this as referring
to making someone work FOR THE SAKE OF MAKING HIM WORK,that
is WORK WITHOUT a GOAL. Typical examples are
- WARM ME WATER (Prohibited if he doesnt need water) or
- WORK TILL I return (Prohibited) (There is no goal here) vs
- WORK THIS FIELD (Permitted)(This is goal specific).
Now let us return to the ALIGNED verses.
As can be seen most of the text (*2) is identical--however
the only difference is that the formulation of
the abuse prohibition to a NON-JEWISH OWNER is a prohibition
on VISIBLE abuse. Hence the law
- Courts can intefer if a Jewish owner abuses a slave privately
They can enter premises to investigate allegations of abuse
- Courts do NOT investigate Non-Jewish owners but do stop
public abuse (Things out in the open)
LIST343q summarizes this ALIGNMENT Very important comments
about the study of Rashi are made in the footnotes to this
list.
EXAMPLE Lv25-09b
----------------
The following two verses require SHOFAR BLOWING
- Lv25-09b Pass a SHOFAR TERUAH BLAST on Yom Kippur Jubilee
- Lv23-24a (on Rosh Hashana-New Year) have a BLAST MEMORIAL
In a previous posting http://www.Rashiyomi.com/Lv25-09b
we showed how the REPETITION --- DAY OF ATONEMENT---10th DAY--
creates emphasis---always blow on the DAY OF ATONEMENT even
if it falls on Shabbath.
By comparing the two ALIGNED verses we infer the
additional Rashi comment on Lv25-09b
----------------------------------------------------
- Jubilee shofar blowing overrides the Sabbath
(we learn this from the EMPHASIS of REPETITION)
- New Year Shofar may be a MEMORIAL
--- Ordinarily we actually blow the Shofar
--- If it falls on Shabbath we only Remember the
Shofar, Rams horn, by reciting verses on Shofar
-----------------------------------------------------
More comments are made by Rashi but I believe the
above explanations and ALIGNMENT suffice for now.
See the lists below for further comments
LIST343r summarizes this ALIGNMENT
EXAMPLE: Lv23-08d Lv23-36b
--------------------------
Notice the ALIGNMENT of the following verses
-------------------------------------------------------------------
- Lv23-08d 7th of Passover is a holiday no JOB PROFESSIONS are done
- Ex12-16 7th of Passover is a Holiday no PROFESSIONS are done
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Notice the extra word JOB, in Lv23-08d---hence the Rashi
-----------------------------------------
- JOB has a connotation of FOR MONEY
- PROFESSIONAL connotes more the quality of the work
Hence we infer that PROFESSIONAL activities are prohibited
on the Holiday whether or not they involve loss of money.
That is, whether they are your JOB or simply a PROFESSIONAL
ACT you did.
-----------------------------------------
LIST309s below summarizes this argument.
EXAMPLE: Lv23-13a Lv23-13b Lv23-13c
------------------------------------
Every offering has an accompanying LIBATION offering
The specifications of the LIBATION OFFERINGS are
spelled out in Nu15. Nu15-04:05 explains that the
libation offering for any lamb offering consists of
- a Minchah libation
- 1/10 flour (Solid measures)
- 1/3 log of oil (liquid measures)
- 1/3 hin of wine (liquid measures)
Lv23-13 spells out the LIBATION offering
for a particular offering--the OMER offering
- it is also call a Minchah Libation
- it has 2/10 flour (vs 1/10 flour for Other lamb offerings)
- No measure of oil is specified
- 1/3 hin of wine
Rashi's 3 comments reflect the fact that
this is the only time in the whole Torah
that an offering has DIFFERENT libations
-----------------------------------------
Even though the amount of flour is doubled
- (2 tenths vs 1 tenth) nevertheless
- it is still called a LIBATION offering
- the amount of wine and oil offered is the same
------------------------------------------
As can be seen here Rashi's major point is
the comparison arising from the alignment.
LIST314j below summarizes this argument.
===================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== ==========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST309q
LIST OF Verses prohibiting slave abuse(Jew-NonJew)
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST309r
LIST OF Verses requiring SHOFAR blasts
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST309s
LIST OF Verses prohibiting work on holidays
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2 CASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #10
SEE BELOW LIST314j
List of verses with Libation offerings--omer vs ordinary
==================================================================
======================= LIST314j -==============================
List of verses with Libation offerings--omer vs ordinary
================================================================
Discussion Source Name Flour Oil Wine
===================== ============ ======== ===== ==== =========
General Lamb Libation Nu15-04:05 Minchah 1 1/4 1/4
Omer Lamb Libation Lv23-13 Minchah 2 --- 1/4
Differs *1 *2 *3 *4
Notes
-----
*1 Both verses refer to the libations as ITS MINCHAH
Rashi points out that despite the different
measures (see footnote #2) they are both libations
Although the FLOUR measure is different, nevertheless
the NAME, OIL measures, and WINE measure are all the same
(Rashi: Lv23-13a)
*2 ONE tenth for GENERAL offerings; TWO tenths for OMER
This is the only instance in the Bible where the
GENERAL libations mentioned in Numbers are DIFFERENT
for a particular offering
(Rashi: Lv23-13b)
*3 The OMER offering verse does not specify an OIL amount
We therefore assume it is the same as in all libations.
The measure is 1/3 a LOG (A liquid measure)
Although the FLOUR measure is different, nevertheless
the NAME, OIL measures, and WINE measure are all the same
(Rashi: Lv23-13c)
*4 One quarter HIN (Liquid measure) for the wine libation.
Although the FLOUR measure is different, nevertheless
the NAME, OIL measures, and WINE measure are all the same
(Rashi: Lv23-13c)
==================================================================
======================== LIST309s ================================
LIST OF Verses prohibiting work on holidays
==================================================================
VERSE Phrase1 Phrase 2 #3 Phrase #4 Phrase#5
======== =============== ============ ====== =========== =========
Lv23-08d 7th of Passover is a holiday no JOB PROFESSIONS are done
Ex12-16 7th of Passover is a Holiday no PROFESSIONS are done
Differs *1 *2 *3 *4 *5
NOTES
-----
*1 The same
*2 The same
*3
Notice the extra word JOB, in Lv23-08d---hence the Rashi
- JOB has a connotation of FOR MONEY
- PROFESSIONAL connotes more the quality of the work
Hence we infer that PROFESSIONAL activities are prohibited
on the Holiday whether or not they involve loss of money.
That is, whether they are your JOB or simply a PROFESSIONAL
ACT you did.
*4 The same
*5 The same
==================================================================
========================= LIST309q ===============================
LIST OF Verses prohibiting slave abuse(Jew-NonJew)
==================================================================
VERSE TOPIC Phrase 1 PHRASE2
========= ============= =============================== ==========
Lv25-43a JEWISH OWNER Don't work him like an animal*3
Lv25-53a NON JEW ONWER Don't work him like an animal VISIBLY
Differs *1 *2 *1
NOTES
-----
*1 The only difference is that the formulation of
abuse prohibition to a NON-JEWISH OWNER is on VISIBLE Abuse.
Hence the law
- Courts can intefer if a Jewish owner abuses a slave privately
They can enter premises to investigate allegations of abuse
- Courts do NOT investigate Non-Jewish owners but do stop
public abuse (Things out in the open)
*2 As can be seen most of the text is identical
*3
First some background. The Hebrew word Pay-Resh-Caph
which roughly means EXCESSIVELY has the ETYMOLOGY
LIKE(Kaph) an ANIMAL(PAR). Rashi explains this as referring
to making someone work FOR THE SAKE OF MAKING HIM WORK,that
is WORK WITHOUT a GOAL. Typical examples are
- WARM ME WATER (Prohibited) but he doesnt need water or
- WORK TILL 5 (Prohibited) (There is no goal here) vs
- WORK THIS FIELD (Permitted)(This is goal specific).
----------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------------
*10
An important point about studying Rashi is the following
--------------------------------------------------------
Many people use the approach of Dr Boncheck and Dr Leibowitz
According to this approach Rashi was BOTHERED by the extra
word DONT WORK HIM LIKE AN ANIMAL **VISIBLY**. Alternatively
Rashi had a QUESTION and INQUIRY on what the extra word
VISIBLY is doing in the verse (The verse DONT WORK HIM LIKE
AN ANIMAL is clear without the extra word).
The approach on this email group is slightly different.
We are not bothered by extra words per se. Indeed, it
might be a matter of Hebrew style that sentences require
certain words which are logically extra. In other words
we reject the idea that the Divinity of the Torah is EQUATED
with the idea that the SMALLEST NUMBER OF WORDS IS USED.
However when the EXTRA WORD emerges from an ALIGNMENT we
feel justified in Rashi-ing the verse. That is
- Boncheck/Leibowitz believe Rashi is commenting on the
EXTRA WORD (The verse LOGICALLY reads fine without it)
- Hendel believes Rashi is commenting on the DIFFERENCE
in the ALIGNED verses.
Our position is that REQUIRING an ALIGNMENT before explaining
a Rashi comment makes the Rashi comment punchier and clearer.
We don't believe the EXTRA WORD approach by itself is well
defined.
This is only a difference in approach. It is not a difference
in content. Both Hendel, Leibowitz and Boncheck explain
all Midrashim as logical and following exegetical rules.
They however differ in the rules used.
------------------------------------------------------
==================================================================
========================= LIST309r ===============================
LIST OF Verses requiring SHOFAR blasts
==================================================================
VERSE Topic #1 Phrase #2 Phrase #3
======== ========== ======== ============= =======================
Lv25-09b Yom Kippur Pass a SHOFAR TERUAH
Lv23-24a New Year Have a MEMORIAL of TERUAH
Differs *1 *2 *1 *4
Notes
-----
*1
In a previous posting http://www.Rashiyomi.com/Lv25-09b
we showed how the REPETITION --- DAY OF ATONEMENT---10th DAY--
creates emphasis---always blow on the DAY OF ATONEMENT even
if it falls on Shabbath.
By comparing the two ALIGNED verses we infer the Rashi
additional Rashi comment on Lv25-09b
----------------------------------------------------
- Jubilee shofar blowing overrides the Sabbath
(we learn this from the EMPHASIS of REPETITION)
- New Year Shofar may be a MEMORIAL
--- Ordinarily we actually blow the Shofar
--- If it falls on Shabbath we only REmember the
Shofar, Rams horn, by reciting verses on Shofar*10
-----------------------------------------------------
*2 Rashi does not comment on this difference.
I presently dont know a reason.
*3 This is the same in both verses
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------------
*10 I have not gotten into the relevant issue of whether
this Rashi comment is intrinsic to the text (are the
laws Biblically ordained) or are they pegs of
Rabbinic laws.
Suffice it to say that it is possible that the
Biblical requirement on New Year is to REMEMBER
the SHOFAR say by reciting verses.
Alternatively we can EQUALLY read the verse
------------------------------------------
a MEMORIAL BY SHOFAR BLOWING
------------------------------------------
indicating that we SHOULD always blow the
Shofar and it is a memorial for the Binding
of Isaac. The prohibition of Blowing on Shabbath
would then be Rabbinic (lest a person carry it
publicly by accident).
The goal of this email list is not to resolve
this Talmudic controversy--rather we point out
how the ALIGNMENT sheds light on it
and its alternative.
==================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 29 Number 20
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 29 Number 20