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VERSE: Nu07-89b


========================= Nu07-89b =============================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY:
-----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three
major GRAMMAR submethods:

(a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all
conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots.
Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes
to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality
(v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii)
mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning.
Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for
roots with weak letters.

(b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes
of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs
Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type  (interrogative, command)
(iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v)
paragraph / sentence development.

(c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with
(i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct
(iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms
(e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use
numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means
towards).

EXAMPLE Nu07-89b
----------------
Today we have numerous books listing the
conjugations of ordinary and rare verbs.
However such books were not available
in Rashi's time. Hence one major function
of Rashi is to provide his readership with
basic conjugation rules.

Here are some basic rules you can find in ANY
modern Hebrew grammar book

-----------------------------------------------
- Hebrew roots have 3 letters (Say X,Y,Z)
- The roots can be CONJUGATED in different modes
- The INTERACTIVE MODE (Hitpael) is normally
  indicated by the letter TAUV. For example
  - - - - - - - - -
  Mem-Tauv-X-Y-Z
  - - - - - - - - -
  indicates the PRESENT TENSE of the HITPAEL
- If however the letter X is the Hebrew letter
  DALET then we omit the Tauv and DOT the X
  - - - - - - - - -
  Mem-Daleth(.)-Y-Z
  - - - - - - - - -
- The INTERACTIVE form of the Hebrew root
  Daleth-Beth-Resh means
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  To Interactively speak; i.e. to muse to oneself
  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-------------------------------------------------
Hence we have the following Rashi translation

of Nu07-89
--------------------------------------------
When Moses came to the Temple to speak to God
He heard the voice [of God] MUSING to Himself
on the Kaporeth on the Temple Ark between the Kerubim
[This is How] God spoke to him
--------------------------------------------

Here Rashi translates the Hebrew root
-----------------------
Mem-Daleth(.)-Beth-Resh
-----------------------

as meaning
-------
musing
-------

LIST703j below summarizes these examples.
================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =======================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      VERB CONJUGATIONS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW                LIST703j
List of Rashis using     Well known verb conjugation principles
================================================================

========================= LIST703j ==============================
List of Rashis using well known verb conjugation principles*1
=================================================================
VERSE    PASSIVE    TEXT OF VERSE WITH PASSIVE CAPPED
======== ========== =============================================
Nu07-89b HITPAEL    God spoke to Moses by MUSING to himself*5
Ex10-08a PUAL       they WERE RETURNED
Dt32-36d PARTICIPLE There is no one GATHERED IN
Dt32-36e PARTICIPLE There is no one STRENGTHENED*2
Lv27-27c NIFAL      If he is NOT REDEEMED thru this
Lv16-10a HAFAL      The AZAZEL Goat REMAINS*3 *4


NOTES
-----
*1 These Rashis illustrate the 4 methods of indicating
   the PASSIVE in Hebrew

*2 Rashi makes an additional point here...the Hebrew root
   AYIN ZAYIN BETH can mean to STRENGTHEN as in Ne03-08
   Hence the PARTICIPLE means STRENGTHENED

*3 Rashi makes two additional points here. First Rashi points
   out that the HAFAL is the PASSIVE CAUSATIVE: That is,
   the Priest CAUSES the Goat to REMAIN

*4 Rashi makes two additional points here: Second Rashi points
   out that the AZAZEL Goat remains alive UNTIL he is pushed
   off the cliff and dies (In other words Rashi negates the
   idea that the AZAZEL Goat is FIRST slaughtered and then
   the SLAUGHTERED Goat is thrown off the cliff--rather the
   Goat is kept alive until he dies by being thrown off
   the cliff).

*5 Rashi had two points here
   a) The Hitpael form of the Hebrew root Daleth-Beth-Resh
      is conjugated without a Dagesh (Mem-Daleth(.)-Beth-Resh)
      This is a general conjugation rule whenever a root
      begins with a Daleth
   b) The Hitpael indicates INTERACTIVENESS
      The Hebrew root Daleth-Beth-Resh, means to TALK
      Hence the Hitpael of Daleth-Beth-Resh means to
      INTERACTIVELY TALK, To MUST to oneself.

   So Rashi explains that Moses heard God speak by God
   musing to onself.
================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 29 Number 23


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