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VERSE: Nu13-23a

======================== Nu13-23a ============================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.

Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM
submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the
similarity and nuances in each term.

EXAMPLE: Nu13-23a
-----------------
- The word ZMoRaH means a GRAPE VINE
- The word EshKoL means a GRAPE CLUSTER

LIST955z below presents other Rashis focusing on
Biblical synonyms
==============================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =====================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST955z
List of                  Synonym pairs
==============================================================


========================= LIST955z =====================
List of                  Synonym pairs
LIST955z continues LIST955a
========================================================
VERSE    WORD   BASIC IDEA NUANCES
======== ====== ========== =============================
Nu13-23a ZMoRaH Grapes     Grape VINE
Nu13-23  EshKoL Grapes     Grape CLUSTER
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Lv22-18a NDR*13 Donation   VOW-eg I-ll bring a sacrifice
Lv22-18b NDBH   Donation   DONATION-eg Donate Tmpl money
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Lv22-22a &WRT   Blind      Feminine form
- - - -  &WR    Blind      Masculine form
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Lv13-45a PRM    Tear       tear ON SEAM
- - - -  QR&    Tear       GENERAL tear
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Ex28-28c XBR    Unite      Unite
- - - -  RKS    Unite      Unite by TIGHTENING*8
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Nu17-21a TWK    In         Centrally in *7
- - - -  Beth   In         In
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Gn01-11a D$A    FIELD      MEADOW*6
- - - -  &SW    FIELD      GRASS*6
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Dt28-68a ANIH   BOAT       Both words mean boat *5
- - - -  SFINH  BOAT       Both words mean boat *5
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Dt18-03c Z-R-A  HAND/THROW ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter
-------- Y-D-H  HAND/THROW YD=hand; YDH=to throw
-------  -----  ------     ----------------------
Dt13-06a S-R-H  FABRICATE  it is REMOVED from reality*4
-------- B-D-A  FABRICATE  it is ISOLATED from reality
-------  -----  ------      ----------------------
Dt05-17b A-V-H  DESIRE*3   desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ
Ex20-17  X-M-D  DESIRE*3   COVET-desire ACQUISITION
-------  -----  ------      ----------------------
Dt11-25c P-X-D  FEAR       IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1
Dt11-25d M-R-H  FEAR       ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision
-------  -----  ------      ----------------------
Dt11-14c I-R-H  RAIN*2    FIRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground
Dt11-14d MLK$   RAIN*2     FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground
-------  -----  ------      ----------------------


NOTES
-----
*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that
   - P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to
   e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from
   fear

   - MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM
   apprehension over the future.*10


*2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It
   would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow

   - MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH)
   GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain
   before the produce. See LIST910i *11


*3 It is hard to absolutely prove that
   - A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs
   - Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION

   The verses show that
   - A-V-H is an act of the HEART while
   - Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS
   See LIST955h for further details
   (Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d)

*4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED
   Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY
   and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses
   were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus
   the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word

*5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between
   ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from
   verses. An interesting statistical note is the following
   - SFINH occurs ONCE in the  Bible
   - ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible
   - But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed
   Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring
   ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME

*6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass
   - MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS


*7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN)
   explains several Rashis:
   Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c
   Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j

*8 Hence
   - Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment
   - P031-21  Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together)
   - Is40-04  God will smooth the TIGHT mountains
   (Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains
   close together with deep georges between them)*12

--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------

*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies
    For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without
    reference to etymologies and even without reference
    to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem
    reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the
    synonyms.


*11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic.
    However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation
    of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this
    particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally
    from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS
    usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it.


*12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE.
    I have examined the verses and think the nuances
    of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening
    is more precise

    Rashi and my analysis apparently override the
    RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning
    HIGH. Compare
    - RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it)
    - Save me from HAUGHTY people
    - God will smooth the HIGH mountains


*13 Rashi brings several distinctions on the nuances
    between VOWS vs DONATIONS

- VOWS are PERSONAL (eg I will bring...)
- DONATIONS are OBJECT oriented
  (eg This material is to Tmpl)

- VOWS come for OFFERINGS
- DONATIONS come for TEMPLE repairs

- VOWS come for personal EXPIATION
- DONATIONS do not come personal EXPIATION

Rashi in fact notes that the word FOR EXPIATION
(Resh-Tzade-Hey) does occur in Lv22-23. However
this is just an accident. The main Rashi point comes
from the VOW:DONATION difference---in English also
- VOW has personal connotation (I undertake..) while
- DONATION has object connotation (this item goes to..)
========================================================
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Volume 26 Number 10


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 26 Number 10