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Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel
Volume 10 Number 16
Produced June 21, 2001
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE |
` Whats new and hot in this issue or on the web?
|
ITEM | WHERE TO FIND IT |
Professional version *1 | http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h10n16.htm |
Rashi on the Parshah | http://www.RashiYomi.Com/by-verse.htm |
Meaning of SYMBOL/MEMORIAL | http://www.RashiYomi.Com/nu17-03e.htm |
The METHOD OF OTHER VERSES | http://www.RashiYomi.Com/nu32-41b.htm |
| |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 Professional version has professionally made tables, use of
bold, shading as well as inside-outside technology
Professional version will be available SUNDAY
|
Rashis covered in this issue |
|
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION |
======== | =============== | ======================================= |
Nu17-03e | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Nu17-25b | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Ex12-14a | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Ex13-09b | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Ex28-12a | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Lv23-24a | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Lv24-07c | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Lv02-02g | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Nu05-26a | SYNONYMS | ZICARON = Memorial; AZCARAH = Reminder |
Nu32-41b | OTHER VERSES | Other verses explain this verse |
--------- | ---------------- | --------------------------------------- |
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MAP OF RASHI-IS-SIMPLE |
|
ITEM | DESCRIPTION |
GOALS: | Defend the 7800 Chumash Rashis |
METHOD USED: | Emphasis on LISTS -- Database methods |
INTENDED AUDIENCE: | Laymen, Academicians, Yeshiva world |
COMMENTS,QUESTIONS: | EMail your questions to address below |
ANONYMITY: | Granted on request |
TO (UN)SUBSCRIBE: | Email addresses below with (UN)SUBSCRIBE |
JOURNAL REFERENCES: | Pshat & Drash,TRADITION, 1980,R Hendel |
NOTATION: | Gn01-02a refers to Rashi A on Genesis 1:2 |
SPECIALS: | on Parshah,Rambam,Pedagogy,Symbolism,Rmbn |
RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RULES | Complete set of rules on bottom |
EMAIL: | RJHendel@Juno.Com, |
EMAIL: | rashi-is-simple@shamash.org |
WEB: | http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ |
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VERSE: Nu32-41b
THE METHOD OF OTHER VERSES |
In url http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm we presented
the method of OTHER VERSES. In this method Rashi clarifies
the meaning of one verse, not by doing grammatical analysis,
but rather by citing another verse possibly in another book
of the Bible.
There are six basic techniques of Rashi in these
verses. Method 3 involves
--------------------------------------------------------
CLARIFYING WITH A SIMILAR VERSE WITH MORE DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------
Here is a simple example:
* Nu36-08a speaks about A DAUGHTER WHO INHERITS
* Nu27-08 clarifies with details HOW this could happen
------------------------------------------------------
IF A PERSON HAS NO SON THEN HIS DAUGHTER INHERITS HIM
------------------------------------------------------
Similarly Nu32-41b says that YAIR CONQUERED SOME CITIES
AND CALLED THEM CHAVOTH YAIR. Rashi clarifies this with
further details by bringing the genealogies listed in
1C07-14 and 1C02-21:23. From these verses we see that
the genealogies of MENASHEH end at YAIR, that is, he
had no children. So Rashi states that HE BUILT THE CITIES
AS A MEMORIAL TO HIMSELF SINCE HE HAD NO CHILDREN.
The following list presents similar examples. It gives
the VERSE, the TEXT OF THE VERSE, as well as THE OTHER
(VERSE) and the XTRA DETAILS of that other verse. The
EX column refers to the example number in the OTHER
series on the Daily Rashi calendar which can be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/calendar.htm |
EX | VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | THE OTHER | THE XTRA DETAILS | 22 | Lv01-05a | Slaughter Sacrifice | 2Chr30-17 | A Levite Can |
43 | Ex17-10b | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son*1 |
44 | Ex35-30a | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son*1 |
45 | Ex24-14c | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son*1 |
1 | Dt26-05d | A FEW Jews came to Egypt | Gn46-27 | 70 people came*2 |
4 | Nu36-08a | A daughter who inherits | Nu27-08 | If no son |
20 | Gn21-23b | I treated you nicely | Gn20-15 | I gave you land |
23 | Dt33-09a | Didnt know parents | Ex32-25:28 | Killed Relatives |
24 | Dt33-09b | He obeyed orders | Ex32-27:28 | kill relatives*3 |
38 | Lv23-08a | Give sacrifices to Fires | Nu28-19 | Give Oxen,....*4 |
39 | Dt25-13b | Dont have big stones | Lv19-36 | Big stone weight |
40 | Dt11-25a | No one will stand to you | Dt07-23:24 | No survivors*5 |
3 | Nu01-53a | Watch temple so no anger | Nu16,17*6 | Korach rebellion |
6 | Dt11-25e | No one will stand to you | Ex23-27 | Ill scare them |
27 | Gn26-05e | because ABRAHAM OBEYED | Gn22-18*7 | He offered Isaac |
46 | Lv10-03a | Rligious death snctifies | Ex29-43*8 | Justice Emphasis |
-- | Nu32-41b | YAIR names cities YAIR | 1C02-21:23 | He had no child* |
| | | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 1Ch2-18:19 mentions explicitly that Chur was Kalevs son.
1Ch2-18:19 also speaks about a man marrying somebody who
gave birth to his wife! Rashi in Chronicles suggests the
reasonable interpretation that the mother died on the
operating table and the father named his new daughter
after his deceased wife (Hence his wife gave birth >to
his wife< since she had the same name).
Chazal give a more homiletic interpretation that Kalev
was married to Miryam who was considered dead since she
was leprous. Since Kalev nursed her back to health and
stayed with her he is considered as if he >RENEWED HER
LIFE< and gave birth to her.
Since Rashi on Chronicles contradicts Rashi on Chumash
I assume he didnt fully accept the Midrash that Miryam
was Churs mother. Nevertheless Rashi cited it to show
the broad spectrum of interpretation (Rashi will sometimes
cite one explanation and let teachers pave thru the other
explanations). On the Chronicle verse there are 5
alternative explanations.
Be that as it may everyone agrees that the driving force
behind Rashi is the OTHER VERSE.
*2 As mentioned earlier this type of example is the basis
of the Passover Hagaddah. Cross referencing is the most
basic type of research but nevertheless can be done by
everybody. Such research would enable a proliferation of
Torah scholars.
*3 The Malbim cites Ex32-27:28. Rashi cites Ex20-03. So Levi
both listened to Gods will not to worship idols as well
as to Moses order to kill relatives.
*4 This example properly belongs in te Rabbi Ishmael series
on contradictory verses. In this case we resolve the
two contradictory verses using the method of MODALITY.
It is INITIALLY required to offer OXEN, LAMBS and GOATS
as described in Nu28-19. However if you say only had
OXEN then you shouldn't say >Since I cant bring all of
them together I will not bring any of them<. Rather
you should follow the law in Lv23-08 that says >OFFER
TO THE FIRE< (In other words >OFFER WHATEVER YOU CAN<)
*5 The point here is that Dt07-23:24 is stated in a CLIMACTIC
manner:
--God will give you the >NATIONS<
--God will give you their >KINGS<
--You will erase their >NATIONAL NAME<
--There will be >NO SURVIVORS<
(The principle of CLIMAX demands that the last phrase be
interpreted to refer to SURVIVORS even though it literally
only says >No man will stand before you< which could have
many meanings)
Once we learn that >no man will stand before you< refers
to >survivors< (because of the principle of CLIMAX) we
then transfer that translation to Dt11-25a.
*6 Thus the Korach rebellion gives details on HOW ANGRY God
would get if the Levites or Priests had their jobs inteferred
with
*7 THe exact same phrase >Because Abraham obeyed my voiceI will sanctify myself with WEIGHT< while
Lv10-03 says >I will sanctify myself with those CLOSE to me<
The 2 verses and the incident that happened---that Aaron the
High Priests sons died because they did something improper
shows that God rules by Justice without favoritism to close
ones. This makes people appreciate Gods honor and weight and
respect him more
*9 -From 1C07-14 we see that MACHIR the father of GILAD came
from MENASHEH.
-From 1C02-21:23 we see that YAIR came from MACHIR.
-From 1C02-21:23 we see that the Menasheh genealogies end
at YAIR.
Hence, Rashi concludes, YAIR had no children. So it is
logical that he named the cities he conquered as CHAVOTH
YAIR, after his own name, to serve as a rememberance
after he dies.
Thus we see that Rashi derived the extra details that
Yair had no children from AN OTHER VERSE
|
RASHI RULE USED: OTHER VERSES
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu17-03e
RASHIS COVERED: Ex12-14a Ex13-09b Ex28-12a Lv23-24a
Lv24-07c Lv02-02g Nu05-26a Nu17-03e Nu17-25b
ZIKARON/OTH means SYMBOLIC MEMORIAL;AZCARAH means REMINDER |
There are several Biblical words used to denote SYMBOLS:
-------------------------------------------------------
--OTH which we translate as SYMBOL
--ZIKARON which we translate as MEMORIAL
--AZCARAH which we translate as REMINDER
-------------------------------------------------------
In the verses in the LIST below the word ZIKARON denotes
a MEMORIAL, a REMINDER with PERMANANCE.
By contrast AZCARAH refers to a REMINDER of an immediate
event without any connotation of PERMANANCE.
So REMINDER is used to remind of something that just
occured while MEMORIAL reminds of something in the
distant past.
Further details are given in footnote *1.
|
VERSE | Type of memorial | WORD USED | Why this word is used |
Ex12-14a | Passover memorial | ZIKRAON*2 | Permanant holiday |
Ex13-09b | Tefillin Memorial | ZIKARON*2 | Permanance(Written down) |
Ex28-12a | Priestly Memorial | ZIKARON*2 | Reminds of ancestors |
Lv23-24a | Shofar Memorial | ZIKARON*2 | Reminds of Akaidah |
Lv24-07c | Handful reminder | AZCARAH*3 | Minchah Handful offered |
Lv02-02g | Handful reminder | AZCARAH*3 | Minchah Handful offered |
Nu05-26a | Handful reminder | AZCARAH*3 | Levana handful offer |
Nu17-03e | Korach rebellion | OTH*4 | Symbol of rebellion |
Nu17-25b | Aarons priesthood | OTH*4 | Symbol of Priest selection |
| | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 Rashi treats the word OTH(SYMBOL) like MEMORIAL.
Following Rav Hirsch I define a SYMBOL as
------------------------------------------------------
An object or activity whose goal is to remind one
of others objects or activities.
------------------------------------------------------
See my Genesis 1 paper for a full discussion of
symbols: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/gen-1.htm
The difference between MEMORIAL and SYMBOL seems to
be subtle. Since Rashi does not discuss it we do
not discuss it either (Perhaps a MEMORIAL is
a PERIODICALLY REPEATING SYMBOL)
The methodology in the LIST above is MEANING BASED ON
CONTEXT. An alternate approach based on Rashis
delightful application of Rashis 2-letter semantic
theory is presented afterwards
*2 Recall that MEMORIAL denotes a PERMANANT REMINDER OF
NON-IMMEDIATE EVENTS while AZCARAH denotes a REMINDER
OF IMMEDIATE EVENTS.
In each case ZIKARON reminds of something non-immediate
or else reminds with a sense of PERMANANCE. So we have
in the above LIST that
--PASSOVER did not just remind the Egyptian jews of
the Exodus that just happened to them (an IMMEDIATE
SYMBOL) - Rather the PASSOVER is a REMINDER for
ALL GENERATIONS (Hence Rashi says on ZIKARON: For
all generations).
--The Tefillin are WRITTEN DOWN -- they commemorate
the distant exodus. The writing down gives
permanance to the symbol
--The priestly garments had a Priestly breastplate
with the names of all the tribes. This breastplate
does not only remind (God) of the present and
immediate tribes. In fact this breastplate
reminds (God) of the tribes themselves(See
Rashi) whose merit and good deeds protect
the current tribes (Thus I would imagine
that each Tribe ancestor had particular good
deeds that protected their tribe -- Thus
Reuven saved Joseph from murder, Shimon saved
his sister from Rape, Levi also saved his
sister from Rape, Judah also saved Joseph
from murder etc).
--Rashi explains that the Shofar is a MEMORIAL.
It reminds us of the Ram in the binding of
Isaac. Just as Isaac was about to die and
was saved at the last moment so throughout
history, the Shofar is symbolic of our being
saved at the last minute through a Divine
intervention.
*3 Recall that MEMORIAL denotes a PERMANANT REMINDER OF
NON-IMMEDIATE EVENTS while AZCARAH denotes a REMINDER
OF IMMEDIATE EVENTS.
The word AZCARAH in these verses denotes a
a REMINDER of an IMMEDIATE event. I would assume
this an example of the Rabbi Ishmael rule of
learning the meaning of a word by specificity
in one verse: For Lv02-02g explicitly explains
that the Priest dips his hand into the 2
gallons of flour mingled with oil and offers
that handful on the altar. Thus the HANDFUL
becomes a REMINDER of the Minchah which is
IMMEDIATELY being dealt with.
We can then transfer this meaning to Nu05
and Lv24 to infer that handfuls are also
offered to God.(In Lv24 there was a
handful of incense placed on the weekly
showbreads. Since the Bible prohibits
offering bread it makes sense that this
INCENSE REMINDER would serve as a REMINDER
on the altar the same way that the HANDFUL
serves as a reminder)
For a discussion of this Rabbi Ishmael method
that justifies transference of specificity of
meaning to other verses see
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/lv09-07d.htm
*4 Recall from the surrounding Biblical chapter that
each of the tribes submitted a branch overnight
but only Aarons branch sprouted, thus symbolically
confirming that God had chosen Aaron to be the
High Priest. These branches then became a SYMBOL--
objects that REMINDED one of ANOTHER EVENT -- of
the prophetic proof that God selected Aaron over
the other priests.
Notice that the symbol not only reminded people
of what had IMMEDIATELY JUST HAPPENED - NAMELY
that Aaron was selected HIGH PRIEST. The SYMBOL
was ALSO to remind the Jews FOR ALL GENERATIONS
of this Priestly selection. Hence it is a SYMBOL
not a MEMORIAL.
|
EXAMPLES OF WORDS WHERE NUN MEANS ALOT |
The following LIST comes from the Daily rashi series. See URL
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/means-1.htm. In this list we show
that a terminal NUN letter denotes INTENSITY. As a simple
example the word LRIV denotes a FIGHT while YERIVUN denotes
a FIST FIGHT (See Ex21-18)
Hence if ZCR means to remember then ZICARON would mean
to REMEMER ALOT, i.e. A MEMORIAL
For further examples see the above URL. For a discussion
of Rashis 2-letter theory see footnote *1 |
# | WORD | ENG MEANING | = | ALOT |
(4) | PaaMN | (Bell Claver) | = | Alot of | (Nun) | | (5) | KoRBN | (Sacrifice) | = | Intense | (Nun) | | (6) | ShlChaN | (Table) | = | Alot | (Nun) |
(7) | ZiChRN | (Memorial) | = | Intense | (Nun) | | (8) | YERIVUN | (Fist Fight) | = | Intense | (Nun) | | | | | | | | | | COMMENTS |
*1 Rashi believed that verbs were conjugated according to the
rules governing 3-letter roots. However Rashi SUPPLEMENTED
this belief with a 2-letter root theory which posits that
the meaning of grammatical ROOTS can be derived from
a breakdown of their 3 letters.
| | |
RASHI RULE USED: SYNONYMS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President
========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
He presents 2-6 meanings of words
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
- WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
- IN (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
- TO (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
- NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
- AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)
* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
Gn18-15a Gn24-33a
* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife
* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a
===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)
* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
-(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you
* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)
================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people
* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17
* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19
* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
Gn49-04 Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do
=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
---------------------------------------
Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
while DOING ITS WORK
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
--------------------------------------------------
Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
(EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
--------------------------------------------------
Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
(EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
(GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
* The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
* The law does not apply to real-estate or slander
=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)
==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================
* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)
* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
--------------------------------------------------------
Who am I
- THAT I should go to Pharaoh
- THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
--------------------------------------------------------
RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
- Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
- Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)
* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
verses but making small minor changes
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
---------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
VERSE PHRASE #1 PHRASE #2 PHRASE #3
------- --------- --------- ------------------
Ex20-03 Dont POSSESS the gods of others
Ex20-04 Dont MAKE idols
RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
---------------------------------------------------------------
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
|
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#