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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2001
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 10 Number 23
                    Produced July 17th, 2001

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

`          Whats new and hot in this issue or on the web?

*1 It was about a year ago today that the RashiYomi.Com
   website was first unveiled. Prior to that we had been
   hosted by Shamash. Happy Anniversary to us. The web
   has come a long way. I hope by next year to have
   visitor forms, guestbooks and sophisticated search
   engines which allow different levels of search.

*2 Professional version has professionally made tables, use of
   bold, shading as well as inside-outside technology
   Professional version will be available SUNDAY

*3 After my ATTACK on the Yellow Book (Shaaray Aharon) last
   time I decided to give a fairer representation. I chose
   a Rashi with 3 examples: In one I did better, in one he
   did better and one in I give a novelty. However I dont
   believe it professional to continually compare my site
   to other books

*9 Also see the following URL for Rashi texts in English
   ---------------------------------------------------
   http://aish.com/literacy/reference/
   Search_the_Chumash_with_Rashi_-_in_English.asp
   ---------------------------------------------------

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: v9-7-17a

From: "Silberman, Alfred"
      
To: "'Russell J Hendel'" 
Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2001 10:17:21 -0400
Subject: DT differences

Dear Russell:
PS - Thanks for your mentioning my sefer on
your Rashi Newsgroup.

BTW - Do you have an explanation on your site
for why the direct object Otho is handled differently
by Rashi in:Bereishith 21:4 from Bamidbar 26:3. With regard
to this see Targum Onqeles on Bamidbar and Bereishith. Also
see Bereishith 37:4 and 37:18. There are
others which I don't have handy now.

Al

ANSWER:
Good question. This is one of those Rashis I understand but
dont have alot of examples. I will try and come up with
some and post.


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: v9-7-17b

FROM: Russell Hendel, RashiYomi
TO:   Rashi-is-Simple
DATE: July 17th 2001
RE:   THE YELLOW BOOK

The purpose of this posting is to give a fairer review
of the YELLOW BOOK>

In Volume 10 Number 22 I brought a long list of examples
showing that
--------------------------------------------------------
===HAECHAD         means          SOMEONE
===HASEFER HAECHAD means          THAT BOOK
===HASEFER   ECHAD means          ONE OF THOSE BOOKS
--------------------------------------------------------

Let us now review three Rashis:

RASHI #1: Gn19-09b
===================

Rashi translates the verse
-------------------------------------------------
And the Sedomites said YOU ARE JUST A SOMEBODY
(HAECHAD) AND NOW YOU WANT TO WRITE LAWS FOR US
-------------------------------------------------

COMMENTS
--------
I and the YELLOW book break even here. I interpret
the word HAECHAD while the YELLOW book is silent on
HAECHAD but brings down other sources. So we each
do our own thing.


RASHI #2: Gn42-27a
==================

The verse says SOMEONE OPENED HIS SACK AND FOUND
HIS MONEY INSIDE

Rashi explains this was Shimon.

I explained Rashi by suggesting that Levi had
to feed 2 donkeys (His and Shimon who was imprisoned)
Hence he found his money before the other brothers
(who discovered there money at home)

COMMENTS
--------
The Yellow Book did better than me here. He cites
about a dozen explanations. My explanation is due
to the Tur in the Name of the Rosh.

I would add that I prefer my explanation (the Roshs)
over the other 12 since this explanation does not
have EXTRA assumptions which the remaining
explanations do have. Hence it is a simpler
explanation.


RASHI #3: Nu16-22b
==================

Rashi translates this verse as
-------------------------------------------------
Only ONE OF THESE sinned. Will you then destroy
all of them
------------------------------------------------

While both I and the YELLOW BOOK translate this
as a declarative and interrogative sentence
nevertheless I have given novelty.

For I have translated the sentence as ONE OF THESE
SINNED.

In other words according to the YELLOW BOOK Moses
was arguing to save the NATION. Moses asked God
not to destroy the nation because of one person.

By contrast I interpret Moses request not to
destroy the 250 people because of one instigator.
There was no issue of destroying the nation. I
derive this because the semantics of HAISH ECHAD
means ONE OF THESE (Referring to the 250 people)

Thus in this example I do better than the YELLOW
BOOK since I give a better translation.

In summary, while ERUDITION is good (YELLOW BOOK)
and sometimes leads to better translations(RASHI #2)
nevertheless without ANALYSIS some good novelty
will be overlooked (RASHI #3).

This concludes my review of the Yellow Book

Russell Hendel;RashiYomi Inc.

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu33-52a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu33-52a Nu32-39a Dt28-42a Dt28-42b Dt28-42c

REFERENCES:
=========
Nostalgic memories. The list here came from an early issue
dated Feb-07-1999. Rightly does the Talmud compare Torah
left out over time to a vintage wine that improves with age

http://www.RashiYomi.Com/dt28-42a.htm
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n11.htm

Many people naively think that meaning is solely a function
of the ROOT of a word. In fact meaning depends on
--the ROOT
--the grammatical mode used
--the preposition (to, from, of) use with the verb.

In this posting Rashi examines the 3 meanings of YARASH
which depend on the grammatical mode as follows
--in the SIMPLE TENSE (KAL) YARASH means INHERIT
--in the PIEL TENSE YARASH means POVERTY
--in the HIFIL TENSE YARASH means CONQUEST
The examples speak for themselves.

Note how Rashi explicitly states this PRINICPLE in Dt
but only states TRANSLATIONS in Nu. This is typical of several
Rashis on one topic. Rashi may be elaborate in only one
place but state results in the others.
The LIST below speaks for itself

*1 Dt28-42a Dt28-42b Dt28-42c all deal with the same theme

RASHI RULE USED: ROOT+PREPOSITION

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu31-26a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu31-26a Nu31-27a Nu31-42a Nu31-43a

The attached LIST is really a spreadsheet depicting the
rules governing division of War booty.

The Bible enunciates 3 principles of war booty division

-The Bible allows two types of Taxes to the temple
from War booty:
--Optional taxes (Because you feel a spiritual need)
--Obligatory taxes (on live booty like animals)

-The Bible also lays down a principle that the army
and nation split the booty

-Finally the Bible lays down a principle that division
of booty is based on actual present value not future
yield.

In the list following this one we see numerical details

*1 Rashi contrasts Nu31-50 (Optional) with Nu31-32(Obligatory)
   He therefore translates the verse as follows
   -------------------------------------------------------------
   The booty, THE EXCESS FROM THE PERSONAL BOOTY, was as follows
   -------------------------------------------------------------

*2  The word ROSH literally means FIRST. However it also means
    PRINCIPLE (As the PRINCIPLE vs the INTEREST). This is
    because the PRINCIPLE is the 1st part of the investment from
    which SECONDARY yield is DERIVED.

    Thus Moses lays down the principle that division is
    based on actual VALUE not on the POTENTIAL YIELD.

    For an other example where the word HEAD can mean
    principle see Lv05-24a. Rashi uses the principle that
    words/items can be named by any of 8 methods.

    For example the PENTAGON names an object by its FORM
    while the UNITED NATIONS names an object by its GOAL.

    Rashi here identifies the naming convention by its
    FUNCTION,GOAL,and PURPOSE. The PURPOSE of the PRINCIPLE
    is to be FIRST and to YIELD secondary income. For other
    examples of words named by FUNCTION (whether in Rashi
    or otherwise) visit http://www.RashiYomi.Com/naming-8.htm

    (Some simple examples of objects named by FUNCTION are
     LAWNMOWER, HANGER, HEARING AID, CAN OPENER,a STAND..)

*3 The actual verse states
   -----------------------------------------------------
   And you will divide the booty between the Nation
   and the Army
   -----------------------------------------------------

   Rashis states that the Nation received 50% while the Army
   received 50%.

   But how did Rashi learn that? After all the verse says
   DIVIDE which might mean an EQUAL division or it might
   mean a PROPORTIONAL division based on say number of
   people.

   Quite simply Rashi learned the percentages of the
   division from OTHER VERSES.. The Bible explicitly gives the
   -------------------------------------------------------
   --Total number of e.g. donkeys as 61,000 (Nu31-34)
   --30,500 of this went to the army (Nu31-39)
   --30,500 went to the Nation (Nu31-45)
   --We easily check that 50% x 61,000 = 30,500.
   -------------------------------------------------------
   Thus Rashi interpreted the word DIVIDE RESTRICTIVELY
   (DIVIDE IN HALF) rather than BROADLY (make some division)
   because of the explicit statement in an OTHER VERSE.

   This is the Rashi technique of other verses. For more
   examples visit http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm

The following spreadsheet cites verses and Rashis compactly
presenting the numerical details of the division of war booty.

The interpretation of the table should be clear: Consider
by way of example the first row:
------------------------------------------------------------
--TOTAL sheep is 375,000
--50% of this went to the army(Nu31-27): 50%x375,000=337,500
--.2% of the armys share went to temple:.2%x337,500=675
------------------------------------------------------------

The footnotes show the sequence of verses which are
consecutive except for Nu31-42 which is explained in
footnote *11

Note the oddity that the computations for the .2% tax are
explicitly given while the computations for the 2% tax
(of the nation) are not given.(Perhaps because taking
1% is an obvious calculation--you simply drop two zeroes)

When I taught at Morris College, a Black Baptist college
in Sumter North Carolina, I created an essay project
--------------------------------------------------------
If the Bible is a book of Morality why are there so many
percentage equations in Nu31? Does knowing percents make you
a more moral person? Could Moses have been a prophet
without knowing the theory of percents?
--------------------------------------------------------

I hope you have as much fun writing essays on this as
did my Baptist math students.

Here is the LIST

*1 Nu31-32
*2 Nu31-33
*3 Nu31-34
*4 Nu31-35
*5 Nu31-36
*6 Nu31-37
*7 Nu31-38
*8 Nu31-39
*9 Nu31-40
*10 Nu31-41
*11 I believe Rashis approach to Nu31-42:47 is that of
    identifying the Paragraph structure as GENERAL-PARTICULAR
    -GENERAL. Here is the paragraph
    ---------------------------------------------------------
    Nu31-42 GENERAL: And from the 50% belonging to the nation
    Nu31-43 ---------PARTICULAR: 50% of sheep were so much
    Nu31-44 ---------PARTICULAR: 50% of cattle were so much
    Nu31-45 ---------PARTICULAR: 50% of donkeys were so much
    Nu31-46 ---------PARTICULAR: 50% of slaves were so much
    Nu31-47 GENERAL: (From this)50% tax was given to Levites
    ----------------------------------------------------------
    In other words, Nu31-42 and Nu31-47, the two outer verses
    form one sentence while the inner verses Nu31-43:46
    form a parenthetical phrase giving numerical details of
    the 50% rule.

    Thus alltogether Nu31-42:47 states that from the 50%
    given to the nation there were taxes(This is a
    general principle) of which 2% of the 50% was given to
    the Levites etc (This is a particular principle). The Bible
    then concludes that these taxes were given to the Levites
    (this is a general principle).

    If one looks in Rashi, one sees that Rashi is hinting
    at the structure of the verses.

    The question remaining is WHY? Why is the GENERAL-
    PARTICULAR-GENERAL structure used here. As is well
    known this is one of Rabbi Ishmael's rules of style.
    In fact one can visit http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example7.htm
    and see many other examples.

    The style rule governing GENERAL-PARTICULAR-GENERAL is
    that we interpret the verses BROADLY and apply it to
    similar situations.  Hence the idea is suggested that if
    we give to God: then a REQUIRED measure might be
    1% (the percent used in Terumah); but an OPTIMAL
    measure might be 2% (The amount used here).

    Rabbi Ishmael requires us to generalize this.
    So any time we have an obligation, then an optimal
    amount would be double. If Terumah is required at
    1% then 2% would be optimal. Applying this to tithe
    we can see that the average tithe which is 10%
    can be optimized by giving 20%. Since I dont have
    either sources or further examples to back this up
    I must leave this idea as speculative
    but I believe it has merit.

*12 Nu31-43
*13 Nu31-44
*14 Nu31-45
*15 Nu31-46
*16 Nu31-47

RASHI RULE USED: SPREADSHEETS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu31-50a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu31-50a Nu31-50b Nu31-50c Nu31-50d

In a recent posting http://www.RashiYOMi.Com/naming-8.htm
I developed 8 methods of naming objects. A simple example
might be the following:
---------------------------------------------------------
The PENTAGON is named by its FORM--what it looks like;
while the UNITED NATIONS, is named by its FUNCTION.
---------------------------------------------------------

Here is the main list in this posting.

Objects can be named by any of 8 methods. The following posting
deals with how parts of the Temple candellabrah were named.
However we indicate general methods for naming objects. In the
following list methods of naming objects are given with examples

The list below gives objects named by their form. In this
list we include some new Rashis showing JEWELRY NAME BY
FORM.(The EARING is named in English by WHERE you wear
it (on the ear); in Hebrew it is named by what it looks
like (ROUND)). Here is the rest of this LIST

-The following Candellabrah parts were named by
their FORM--what they looked like.

-Other Rashis (besides from the candellabrah) on naming
by FORM are added to this list*8

-Rashis on naming by ACTIVITY FORM are added to this
list (e.g. SURFING THE WEB)

Other example of objects named by FORM are presented
in the footnotes*1

*1
(101) The shape, pentagon gives rise to the building, pentagon
(102) Storm=ALOT of raindrops,
     gives rise to Brainstorm=ALOT of ideas
(103) "Surf the seas"=BUMPY journey gives rise to
     "surf the web" = BUMPY lookup
(104) The fruit, cherry gives rise to the the color, cherry
(105) Loud=ALOT of noise, gives rise to a
     Loud dress=ALOT of noticeability

The posting below presents items named by FUNCTION.
We include a NEW EXAMPLE---a KOOMAZ ring which depicted the
womb. This object was worn by women to arouse. Thus the object
was named by its FUNCTION which was LEWDNESS (ZIMAH---COOMAZ)

Here is the rest of the posting. The examples are below

The following Candellabrah parts
were named by their FUNCTION--or purpose
Other Rashis on naming by FUNCTION have been added
Further examples are in the footnotes*1

*1 Other examples of words named by FUNCTION are

 The function of the UNITED NATIONS is to unite countries
 The function of a   LAWNMOWER is to MOW your LAWN
 The function of a   HANGER is to HANG clothing
 The function of a   PHOTOCOPY machine is to make COPIES*7
 The funciton of a   HEARing aid is to helps you HEAR
 The function of a   TELeVISION is that it TELls VISION
 The function of a   CAN OPENER is that it OPENS CANS
 The function of a   TYPEWRITER is that it WRITES in TYPE
 The function of a   Binder is that it Holds files together
 The function of a   STAND is furniture that STAND stings

*2 The function of the WICK is to maintain the FLAME

*3 The function of the TAKERS is to TAKE/ADJUST flames

*4 The function of the SWEEPERS is to CLEAN the Candellabrah

*5 THe function of the PRINCIPLE is to produce interest
   or seconday income

*6 The function of the SEDUCE is to arouse husbands

*7 These copies are to look like photographs

The following posting names objects by their UNIQUE PROPERTIES
during USAGE. Thus a REVOLVER is a gun that uses REVOLVING.

We add 2 new elements
--the STEP-RING---worn on the foot(it rung when you stepped)
--the CLASP-------worn on the hand--it was CLASPED on.

Here is the rest of the posting. The examples follow below

The following are words named by UNIQUE PROPERTIES they have;
things done while USING them (e.g. a REVOLVER is that gun
that REVOLVES (vs a handgun or machine gun); similarly a
SUNSET is that POSITION Of the sun that occurs when the
SUN SETS The following Rashis illustrate this idea.
Further examples are in the footnotes*1

*1
Other examples (not in Rashi) of words named by THEIR USAGE
OR PROPERTIES are

(101) REVOLVER is a gun with a REVOLVING cylinder
(102) The FLOPPY is a disk you can FLOP around
      (unlike a hard drive)
(103) A TIE is a garment that you wear by TIEING it
(104) The SWEATER is that garment which makes you sweat
(105) A LAPTOP is that computer that you can hold in your lap
(106) A ROCKER is that chair that rocks when you sit on it
(107) A TOY GUN is a TOY that LOOKS like a GUN
      (but is not a gun)

RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANING

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#





          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest

#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#