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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2001
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 12 Number 16
                 Produced December 27th, 2001

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
NEW: AKAYDAHTHE AKAYDAH -- WHAT REALLY HAPPENED*1
HTML VOTEEveryone gets HTML; those who want get text*2
Vol12n15Yesterdays posting got messed up;will be resent*3
COMMENTS

*1  THE AKAYDAH -- at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/akaydah.htm

    The statistics seem to point out that people prefer Essays
    over these digests(The essays are more popular)

    This creates a new vision for Rashiyomi: Cover the Bible
    with 100-200 essays each covering 50 Rashis.

    Towards this end I wrote up the essay: THE AKAYDAH. This
    cites several dozen Rashis. It gives a new perspective on
    the AKAYDAH, PROPHECY and FAITH. We discuss what really
    happened and what Abrahams text was

    If you prefer this essay format let me know. We can
    accelerate its production.

*2  My thanks to the many readers who answered the survey

    You will, starting this issue get HTML versions.
    IF YOU HAVE COLOR PREFERENCES LET ME KNOW. They are easily
    changed. Right now I use, Yellow headers, Brown backgrounds,
    beige databases, blue notes and green long notes.

    THOSE WHO WANTED TEXT WILL BE SENT SPECIAL TEXT VERSIONS
    IF YOU WANT TEXT LET ME KNOW

*3  My APOLOGIES for yesterdays posting. I thought it would
    go thru as HTML but it did not. I will resend it. I am
    trying to learn how to configure the shamash server so that
    the html I send thru will remain that way. Hopefully this
    will be solved over the weekend.



Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Ex01-10bGRAMMARrNations can be singular or Plural
Ex01-10cGRAMMARrNations can be singular or Plural
Ex01-11aGRAMMARrNations can be singular or Plural
Ex01-11cGRAMMARrNations can be singular or Plural
Ex01-22aSPECIAL WordsALL means NO EXCEPTIONS
Ex01-13cGRAMMARrDifference between PAST vs FUTURE
Ex02-03dSPECIAL WordsA MARSH(Soof) is place of REEDS(Soof)
Ex13-18bSPECIAL WordsA MARSH(Soof) is place of REEDS(Soof)
----------------------------------------------------------------


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex01-10b

RASHIS COVERED: Ex01-10b Ex01-10c Ex01-11a Ex01-11c

IS NATION SINGULAR/PLURAL?


BACKGROUND
----------
Ex01-10:11 discusses Pharohs paranoic fears of the Jewish
people and his consequent order to murder Jewish children

TEXT-Ex01-10
------------
Let US prepare OURselves against HIM

RASHI
-----
Rashi is Simple
Throughout this chapter.
- PLURAL verbs refer to the Egyptians
- SINGULAR verbs refer to the Jews

This is typical of paranoic racists. They do not see
individuality. They are AFRAID OF THEM--the mythical group.

THE LIST
--------
The list below presents
- V, the verse (Ex01-10, Ex01-11)
- the Text or the Phrase of the verse
- An indication if the verb is PLURAL or SING (Singular)
- Those verses where RASHI comments
- The repeating RASHI TEXT: Singular is Jews, Plural is Egypt
The footnotes contain further clarification on the grammatical
implications of using the plural vs the singular to refer to
a nation.
VText of VersePluralRashiRASHI-TEXT
10Let US prepare ourselvesPlural
10for strategies against HIMSingEx01-10bHIM=ISRAEL*10
10since if HE multiplies
10then when there is a war
10HE-ll allySing
10HIMSELF with the enemy
10& HE will go up from the landSingEx01-10cHIM=Israel*11
11and THEY placedPlural
11taxmasters on HIMSingEx01-11aHIM = ISRAEL
11in order to torture HIMSing
11with THEIR hard workPluralEx01-11cTHEIR=Egypts
COMMENTS


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Referring to a nation as a unified whole indicates that they
    are unified. Thus on a deeper level Pharoh attacked the God
    who unified us.

    Chazal for example note that possibly Pharoh
    thought that since God cant destroy the world by flood
    therefore Egypt is protected (The answer to this is that
    God can destroy an individual nation but not the whole world)

    At any rate the reader should not get bogged down in details
    The focal point of Chazals remark is that the nation is
    referred to in the singular and hence it is reasonable that
    Pharoh studied how our God treats the world and tried to find
    loopholes. The drowing-flood contrast is just one obvious
    example.

*11 The simple meaning of the text is that the Jews will go up
    from Goshen where they lived and occupy the rest of Egypt.

    The focal point of Pharohs fears is that the Jews will
    conquer Egypt. But because of DISCRETION Pharoh simply said
    HE WILL GO UP and didnt explicitly mention the CONQUEST.

    I think the above makes Rashi more palatable. Rashi does
    mention DISCRETION---our present Rashi versions quote Rashi
    as saying that the Biblical text
    ---------------------------------
    HE WILL GO UP FROM THE LAND
    ---------------------------------
    means
    ------------------------------------------
    HE-egypt WILL GO UP FROM THE LAND OF-egypt
    ------------------------------------------

    However such an interpretation violates the rule
    we are using
    --------------------------------------------------
    Jews are referred to throughout
    this chapter in the singular
    Egyptians are referred to throughout
    this chapter in plural
    --------------------------------------------------

    Therefore I have accepted Rashis DISCRETION method
    but instead interpreted the verse to mean
    -----------------------------------------------------------
    HE-Israel--WILL GO UP FROM their LAND of Goshen
    and conquer Egypt
    -----------------------------------------------------------
    The DISCRETION lied in speaking about Jewish population
    overflowing rather than their real fear which was the
    CONQUEST OF EGYPT


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex01-13c

PAST vs FUTURE


BACKGROUND
----------
Hebrew is based on 3 letter roots. Each root is assigned a
meaning. These meanings can then be conjugated. There are
many books explaining how to conjugate Hebrew.

THE RULE
--------
- Hay-Kaph-Yud-Tav means HE HIT   (Past)
- Tauv-Kaph-Hey means  HE WILL HIT(Future)

THE TEXT
--------
Ex01-13 Moses says to someone fighting:
WICKED PERSON: WHY WILL YOU HIT YOUR FRIEND?

THE RASHI
---------
By using the future tense (YOU WILL HIT vs YOU DID HIT)
Moses creates an emphasis: Not only is a person wicked
if he hits his friend...he is wicked even if he just
raises his hand to hit a friend.*10

THE LIST
--------
Rashi was not being picky. The Bible observes the
PAST-FUTURE distinction. The list below contains
various fights and correctly uses PAST vs FUTURE
Only Ex01-13 stands out
VERSEFUTURE-PASTTEXT OF VERSE
Nu22-32PASTWhy did YOU HIT your donkey
2S12-19PASTYOU HIT Uriah by sword
2S02-22FUTUREGet out of my way: Why SHOULD I HIT you
Nu14-12FUTURE*1Moses,if you dont pray,I,God, WILL HIT THEM
Ex01-13FUTURE*2Wicked person: Why are you ABOUT TO HIT him
COMMENTS

*1 The Jews had just rebelled and slandered God and Israel
   They said God couldnt bring us to Israel. God was angry
   and wanted to destroy the Jews (in the future) and make
   Moses the Jewish people (Hence the future...the act had
   not yet been done)

*2 By reviewing other examples in this list it becomes clear
   that Moses was referencing a future intended blow. Since
   Moses calls him wicked we can infer (AMONG OTHER THINGS)
   that just lifting your hand on someone, maliciously, is
   an evil.

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10 The identical point is made by the Rambam in his Great
    Mishneh Torah, Laws of Torts, 5:1. The commentators
    there explain that the derivation came from here.



RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex01-22a

NOTE: This is an ADDENDUM posting. In this posting we
      review a previous posting by adding one or two more
      examples. This gives old readers a chance to refresh
      their memory and new readers the chance to learn the
      ideas.


THE 5 MEANINGS OF ALL


REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/all-18.htm

BACKGROUND
----------
We deal with the Hebrew word KOL which means ALL
There are about 5 dozen Rashis on this word

THE RULE
--------
ALL means NO EXCEPTIONS.

In the above URL we identified 5 usages of ALL.
Today we review the usage of ALL denoting
----------------------------------------------
emphasis of inclusion EVEN when you
would think otherwise
----------------------------------------------

THE RASHI
---------
Ex01-22a Throw ALL children in the river
-----------------------------------------
Pharoh had decreed the death of all Jewish children
I might therefore think that ONLY Jewish children
were killed. But the word ALL implies NO EXCEPTIONS--
hence we infer that Pharoh killed Egyptian children.
The LONGER footnotes clarify why this was so.

THE LIST
--------
The LIST below is an abridged list of similar
examples. Column 3 and the footnotes clarify why ALL
is used--that is, why I might exclude certain cases.
VERSETEXT WITH allINCLUDES EVEN theFOLLOWING
Ex35-22bBzalel did all God told MosesEven if Moses forgot*1
Nu20-01aThe WHOLE nation came to TznEven adult men over 20*2
Nu18-09bPriests get ALL sacrificesEVEN Peace offerings*3
Lv17-10aALL eating blood will die*4Even non sacrificial blood
Lv06-11aALL male priests can eat itEven blemished ones*5
Dt14-11aALL Kosher birds may be eatenEVEN sent-away leporbird*6
Ex01-22aALL children killed in riverEVEN Egyptian Children*7
COMMENTS

*1 I would logically think that Bzalel couldnt do things that
   God told Moses but Moses forgot to tell Bzalel. The word
   ALL implies that Bezalel did ALL God commanded Moses--
   even things Moses forgot -- Bezalel did them because he
   inferred them by logic. *10

*2 Nu14-29 states that the adult males over 20 who listened to
   the spies slander of Israel died. However they had all
   died by the time they came to Tzin---hence the WHOLE
   community came -- Even the people over 20 (Because those
   who sinned had already died)

*3 Nu18-09 lists 3 types of sacrifices that priests get.
   but does not list peace offerings. Hence I might think
   Priests dont get Peace offerings (because they are not
   listed). The word ALL however implies they do get them.
   This is further confirmed in Lv06 and Lv07-23.

*4 It says in Lv17-11 that the reason blood is prohibited is
   because it is used to atone on the altar Hence it is
   logical to conclude that only sacrificial blood is
   forbidden but ordinary blood that can't be offered is
   permissable. Therefore the verse says ALL BLOOD
   to include this other blood.

*5    It explicitly says (Lv22--21:22) that blemished priests
      may not offer sacrifices. Hence I might think they cant
      eat them either (if other priests offered them). Therefore
      when the verse says ALL PRIESTS CAN EAT THEM it
      includes EVEN BLEMISHED PRIESTS dont

*6 Recall that most sacrifices are HOLY and cannot be eaten
   even if they are Kosher. Further recall that the Lepor
   was atoned by having a Kosher bird sent away and another
   one offered (Lv14-04:07). I might think that this
   sent-away-Lepor bird is like any other sacrificial object
   and prohibited from eating. Therefore Dt14-11 says
   --------------------------------------------
   ALL Kosher birds... may be eaten--
   --------------------------------------------
   even the Kosher lepor bird.

*7  Added Dec 27, 2001. This verse discusses how Pharoh
    decreed death on all Jewish children because he was
    afraid the Jews would outnumber him and overtake the land
    It is therefore logical to assume that Pharoh did not
    decree death on his own Egyptian children. But the verse
    says that Pharoh ordered ALL children to die--even Egyptian
    children *11

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10   Rashi brings a possible example--In Ex25 Moses orders the
   temple utensils to be built first and then the Tabernacle

   But in Ex36 and Ex37 Bzalel builds the Tabernacle first
   and then the temple.

   Logically Bzalel knew that you build the house first and
   then fill it with utensils

*11 The Bible explicitly says that Egypt was run by
    magicians and stargazers (Ex07-11, Ex08-15). It
    therefore seems reasonable that they told Pharoh that
    they were told my magic that a savior was born to the Jews
    Since Pharoh didnt know if the savior was Egyptian or Jewish
    Pharoh ordered ALL children -- EVEN Egyptian children --
    killed by drowning.


RASHI RULE USED: SPECIAL WORDS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex02-03d

RASHI RULE USED: Ex02-03d Ex13-18b

REED SEA is named after REEDS


BACKGROUND
----------
This Rashi focuses on the meaning of words

THE TEXT
--------
The Bible in several places refers to THE REED

THE RASHI
---------
The REED refers to the MARSH since REEDS typically grow
in Marshs.

THE ENGLISH ANALOGY
-------------------
Note the happy fact that in this case English agrees with
Hebrew--in fact the RED sea is a spelling error--it really
should be the REED SEA,named because of its reeds.

THE LIST
--------
This is an example of something named by a unique property.
We give other examples--both from Rashi and from outside
Rashi--in the list below.

REFERENCE
---------
These examples comes from http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm
VERSETHE WORDMEANS...HOW IT IS NAMED
Ex15-20cA TOF(Drum/Cymbal)an instrument you POUND(TF)
Ex16-16aThe OMERis a big measureSomething BUNDLED(OMR)
Ex16-36aThe OMERis a big measureSomething BUNDLED(OMR)
Ex02-03dThe SOFMARSHPlace of REEDS (SOF)
Ex13-18bThe SOFMARSHPlace of REED (SOF)
*4REVOLVERgun with a REVOLVING cylinder
*4FLOPPYa disk you can FLOP around*1
*4A TIEa garment worn by TIEING it
*4The SWEATER*2a garment that makes you swea
*4A LAPTOP*3computer holdable in your la
*4A ROCKERa chair that rocks when sat o
COMMENTS

*1 Unlike a hard drive which cannot be flopped around

*2 There is an element of exaggeration here since
   sweaters only have the potential to make you sweat
   if worn in warm weather.

*3 In contrast to typical towers which cannot be held in
   your lap

*4 These examples are from English and not from the Bible.
   Note that in all of them the CLASS of the object is not
   indicated in the etymology: e.g. A REVOLVER is a GUN
   with a REVOLVING CYLINDER (vs a machine gun)--the name
   does not explain the REVOVLER is a GUN--but it does
   explain why this particular type of gun was selected


RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
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