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Surfing the Talmudic Seas
(C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2001
Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel
Volume 12 Number 16
Produced December 27th, 2001
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE |
` Whats new and hot in this issue? |
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE |
NEW: AKAYDAH | THE AKAYDAH -- WHAT REALLY HAPPENED*1 |
HTML VOTE | Everyone gets HTML; those who want get text*2 |
Vol12n15 | Yesterdays posting got messed up;will be resent*3 |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 THE AKAYDAH -- at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/akaydah.htm
The statistics seem to point out that people prefer Essays
over these digests(The essays are more popular)
This creates a new vision for Rashiyomi: Cover the Bible
with 100-200 essays each covering 50 Rashis.
Towards this end I wrote up the essay: THE AKAYDAH. This
cites several dozen Rashis. It gives a new perspective on
the AKAYDAH, PROPHECY and FAITH. We discuss what really
happened and what Abrahams text was
If you prefer this essay format let me know. We can
accelerate its production.
*2 My thanks to the many readers who answered the survey
You will, starting this issue get HTML versions.
IF YOU HAVE COLOR PREFERENCES LET ME KNOW. They are easily
changed. Right now I use, Yellow headers, Brown backgrounds,
beige databases, blue notes and green long notes.
THOSE WHO WANTED TEXT WILL BE SENT SPECIAL TEXT VERSIONS
IF YOU WANT TEXT LET ME KNOW
*3 My APOLOGIES for yesterdays posting. I thought it would
go thru as HTML but it did not. I will resend it. I am
trying to learn how to configure the shamash server so that
the html I send thru will remain that way. Hopefully this
will be solved over the weekend.
|
Rashis covered in this issue |
|
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION |
======== | =============== | ======================================= |
Ex01-10b | GRAMMARr | Nations can be singular or Plural |
Ex01-10c | GRAMMARr | Nations can be singular or Plural |
Ex01-11a | GRAMMARr | Nations can be singular or Plural |
Ex01-11c | GRAMMARr | Nations can be singular or Plural |
Ex01-22a | SPECIAL Words | ALL means NO EXCEPTIONS |
Ex01-13c | GRAMMARr | Difference between PAST vs FUTURE |
Ex02-03d | SPECIAL Words | A MARSH(Soof) is place of REEDS(Soof) |
Ex13-18b | SPECIAL Words | A MARSH(Soof) is place of REEDS(Soof) |
--------- | ---------------- | --------------------------------------- |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex01-10b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex01-10b Ex01-10c Ex01-11a Ex01-11c
IS NATION SINGULAR/PLURAL? |
BACKGROUND
----------
Ex01-10:11 discusses Pharohs paranoic fears of the Jewish
people and his consequent order to murder Jewish children
TEXT-Ex01-10
------------
Let US prepare OURselves against HIM
RASHI
-----
Rashi is Simple
Throughout this chapter.
- PLURAL verbs refer to the Egyptians
- SINGULAR verbs refer to the Jews
This is typical of paranoic racists. They do not see
individuality. They are AFRAID OF THEM--the mythical group.
THE LIST
--------
The list below presents
- V, the verse (Ex01-10, Ex01-11)
- the Text or the Phrase of the verse
- An indication if the verb is PLURAL or SING (Singular)
- Those verses where RASHI comments
- The repeating RASHI TEXT: Singular is Jews, Plural is Egypt
The footnotes contain further clarification on the grammatical
implications of using the plural vs the singular to refer to
a nation. |
V | Text of Verse | Plural | Rashi | RASHI-TEXT |
10 | Let US prepare ourselves | Plural | | |
10 | for strategies against HIM | Sing | Ex01-10b | HIM=ISRAEL*10 |
10 | since if HE multiplies | | | |
10 | then when there is a war | | | |
10 | HE-ll ally | Sing | | |
10 | HIMSELF with the enemy | | | |
10 | & HE will go up from the land | Sing | Ex01-10c | HIM=Israel*11 |
11 | and THEY placed | Plural | | |
11 | taxmasters on HIM | Sing | Ex01-11a | HIM = ISRAEL |
11 | in order to torture HIM | Sing | | |
11 | with THEIR hard work | Plural | Ex01-11c | THEIR=Egypts |
| | | | |
COMMENTS |
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 Referring to a nation as a unified whole indicates that they
are unified. Thus on a deeper level Pharoh attacked the God
who unified us.
Chazal for example note that possibly Pharoh
thought that since God cant destroy the world by flood
therefore Egypt is protected (The answer to this is that
God can destroy an individual nation but not the whole world)
At any rate the reader should not get bogged down in details
The focal point of Chazals remark is that the nation is
referred to in the singular and hence it is reasonable that
Pharoh studied how our God treats the world and tried to find
loopholes. The drowing-flood contrast is just one obvious
example.
*11 The simple meaning of the text is that the Jews will go up
from Goshen where they lived and occupy the rest of Egypt.
The focal point of Pharohs fears is that the Jews will
conquer Egypt. But because of DISCRETION Pharoh simply said
HE WILL GO UP and didnt explicitly mention the CONQUEST.
I think the above makes Rashi more palatable. Rashi does
mention DISCRETION---our present Rashi versions quote Rashi
as saying that the Biblical text
---------------------------------
HE WILL GO UP FROM THE LAND
---------------------------------
means
------------------------------------------
HE-egypt WILL GO UP FROM THE LAND OF-egypt
------------------------------------------
However such an interpretation violates the rule
we are using
--------------------------------------------------
Jews are referred to throughout
this chapter in the singular
Egyptians are referred to throughout
this chapter in plural
--------------------------------------------------
Therefore I have accepted Rashis DISCRETION method
but instead interpreted the verse to mean
-----------------------------------------------------------
HE-Israel--WILL GO UP FROM their LAND of Goshen
and conquer Egypt
-----------------------------------------------------------
The DISCRETION lied in speaking about Jewish population
overflowing rather than their real fear which was the
CONQUEST OF EGYPT
| |
RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex01-13c
PAST vs FUTURE |
BACKGROUND
----------
Hebrew is based on 3 letter roots. Each root is assigned a
meaning. These meanings can then be conjugated. There are
many books explaining how to conjugate Hebrew.
THE RULE
--------
- Hay-Kaph-Yud-Tav means HE HIT (Past)
- Tauv-Kaph-Hey means HE WILL HIT(Future)
THE TEXT
--------
Ex01-13 Moses says to someone fighting:
WICKED PERSON: WHY WILL YOU HIT YOUR FRIEND?
THE RASHI
---------
By using the future tense (YOU WILL HIT vs YOU DID HIT)
Moses creates an emphasis: Not only is a person wicked
if he hits his friend...he is wicked even if he just
raises his hand to hit a friend.*10
THE LIST
--------
Rashi was not being picky. The Bible observes the
PAST-FUTURE distinction. The list below contains
various fights and correctly uses PAST vs FUTURE
Only Ex01-13 stands out |
VERSE | FUTURE-PAST | TEXT OF VERSE |
Nu22-32 | PAST | Why did YOU HIT your donkey |
2S12-19 | PAST | YOU HIT Uriah by sword |
2S02-22 | FUTURE | Get out of my way: Why SHOULD I HIT you |
Nu14-12 | FUTURE*1 | Moses,if you dont pray,I,God, WILL HIT THEM |
Ex01-13 | FUTURE*2 | Wicked person: Why are you ABOUT TO HIT him |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 The Jews had just rebelled and slandered God and Israel
They said God couldnt bring us to Israel. God was angry
and wanted to destroy the Jews (in the future) and make
Moses the Jewish people (Hence the future...the act had
not yet been done)
*2 By reviewing other examples in this list it becomes clear
that Moses was referencing a future intended blow. Since
Moses calls him wicked we can infer (AMONG OTHER THINGS)
that just lifting your hand on someone, maliciously, is
an evil.
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 The identical point is made by the Rambam in his Great
Mishneh Torah, Laws of Torts, 5:1. The commentators
there explain that the derivation came from here.
| |
RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex01-22a
NOTE: This is an ADDENDUM posting. In this posting we
review a previous posting by adding one or two more
examples. This gives old readers a chance to refresh
their memory and new readers the chance to learn the
ideas.
THE 5 MEANINGS OF ALL |
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/all-18.htm
BACKGROUND
----------
We deal with the Hebrew word KOL which means ALL
There are about 5 dozen Rashis on this word
THE RULE
--------
ALL means NO EXCEPTIONS.
In the above URL we identified 5 usages of ALL.
Today we review the usage of ALL denoting
----------------------------------------------
emphasis of inclusion EVEN when you
would think otherwise
----------------------------------------------
THE RASHI
---------
Ex01-22a Throw ALL children in the river
-----------------------------------------
Pharoh had decreed the death of all Jewish children
I might therefore think that ONLY Jewish children
were killed. But the word ALL implies NO EXCEPTIONS--
hence we infer that Pharoh killed Egyptian children.
The LONGER footnotes clarify why this was so.
THE LIST
--------
The LIST below is an abridged list of similar
examples. Column 3 and the footnotes clarify why ALL
is used--that is, why I might exclude certain cases. |
VERSE | TEXT WITH all | INCLUDES EVEN theFOLLOWING |
Ex35-22b | Bzalel did all God told Moses | Even if Moses forgot*1 |
Nu20-01a | The WHOLE nation came to Tzn | Even adult men over 20*2 |
Nu18-09b | Priests get ALL sacrifices | EVEN Peace offerings*3 |
Lv17-10a | ALL eating blood will die*4 | Even non sacrificial blood |
Lv06-11a | ALL male priests can eat it | Even blemished ones*5 |
Dt14-11a | ALL Kosher birds may be eaten | EVEN sent-away leporbird*6 |
Ex01-22a | ALL children killed in river | EVEN Egyptian Children*7 |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 I would logically think that Bzalel couldnt do things that
God told Moses but Moses forgot to tell Bzalel. The word
ALL implies that Bezalel did ALL God commanded Moses--
even things Moses forgot -- Bezalel did them because he
inferred them by logic. *10
*2 Nu14-29 states that the adult males over 20 who listened to
the spies slander of Israel died. However they had all
died by the time they came to Tzin---hence the WHOLE
community came -- Even the people over 20 (Because those
who sinned had already died)
*3 Nu18-09 lists 3 types of sacrifices that priests get.
but does not list peace offerings. Hence I might think
Priests dont get Peace offerings (because they are not
listed). The word ALL however implies they do get them.
This is further confirmed in Lv06 and Lv07-23.
*4 It says in Lv17-11 that the reason blood is prohibited is
because it is used to atone on the altar Hence it is
logical to conclude that only sacrificial blood is
forbidden but ordinary blood that can't be offered is
permissable. Therefore the verse says ALL BLOOD
to include this other blood.
*5 It explicitly says (Lv22--21:22) that blemished priests
may not offer sacrifices. Hence I might think they cant
eat them either (if other priests offered them). Therefore
when the verse says ALL PRIESTS CAN EAT THEM it
includes EVEN BLEMISHED PRIESTS dont
*6 Recall that most sacrifices are HOLY and cannot be eaten
even if they are Kosher. Further recall that the Lepor
was atoned by having a Kosher bird sent away and another
one offered (Lv14-04:07). I might think that this
sent-away-Lepor bird is like any other sacrificial object
and prohibited from eating. Therefore Dt14-11 says
--------------------------------------------
ALL Kosher birds... may be eaten--
--------------------------------------------
even the Kosher lepor bird.
*7 Added Dec 27, 2001. This verse discusses how Pharoh
decreed death on all Jewish children because he was
afraid the Jews would outnumber him and overtake the land
It is therefore logical to assume that Pharoh did not
decree death on his own Egyptian children. But the verse
says that Pharoh ordered ALL children to die--even Egyptian
children *11
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 Rashi brings a possible example--In Ex25 Moses orders the
temple utensils to be built first and then the Tabernacle
But in Ex36 and Ex37 Bzalel builds the Tabernacle first
and then the temple.
Logically Bzalel knew that you build the house first and
then fill it with utensils
*11 The Bible explicitly says that Egypt was run by
magicians and stargazers (Ex07-11, Ex08-15). It
therefore seems reasonable that they told Pharoh that
they were told my magic that a savior was born to the Jews
Since Pharoh didnt know if the savior was Egyptian or Jewish
Pharoh ordered ALL children -- EVEN Egyptian children --
killed by drowning.
| |
RASHI RULE USED: SPECIAL WORDS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex02-03d
RASHI RULE USED: Ex02-03d Ex13-18b
REED SEA is named after REEDS |
BACKGROUND
----------
This Rashi focuses on the meaning of words
THE TEXT
--------
The Bible in several places refers to THE REED
THE RASHI
---------
The REED refers to the MARSH since REEDS typically grow
in Marshs.
THE ENGLISH ANALOGY
-------------------
Note the happy fact that in this case English agrees with
Hebrew--in fact the RED sea is a spelling error--it really
should be the REED SEA,named because of its reeds.
THE LIST
--------
This is an example of something named by a unique property.
We give other examples--both from Rashi and from outside
Rashi--in the list below.
REFERENCE
---------
These examples comes from http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm |
VERSE | THE WORD | MEANS... | HOW IT IS NAMED |
Ex15-20c | A TOF | (Drum/Cymbal) | an instrument you POUND(TF) |
Ex16-16a | The OMER | is a big measure | Something BUNDLED(OMR) |
Ex16-36a | The OMER | is a big measure | Something BUNDLED(OMR) |
Ex02-03d | The SOF | MARSH | Place of REEDS (SOF) |
Ex13-18b | The SOF | MARSH | Place of REED (SOF) |
*4 | | REVOLVER | gun with a REVOLVING cylinder |
*4 | | FLOPPY | a disk you can FLOP around*1 |
*4 | | A TIE | a garment worn by TIEING it |
*4 | | The SWEATER*2 | a garment that makes you swea |
*4 | | A LAPTOP*3 | computer holdable in your la |
*4 | | A ROCKER | a chair that rocks when sat o |
| | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 Unlike a hard drive which cannot be flopped around
*2 There is an element of exaggeration here since
sweaters only have the potential to make you sweat
if worn in warm weather.
*3 In contrast to typical towers which cannot be held in
your lap
*4 These examples are from English and not from the Bible.
Note that in all of them the CLASS of the object is not
indicated in the etymology: e.g. A REVOLVER is a GUN
with a REVOLVING CYLINDER (vs a machine gun)--the name
does not explain the REVOVLER is a GUN--but it does
explain why this particular type of gun was selected
|
RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President
========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
He presents 2-6 meanings of words
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
- WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
- IN (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
- TO (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
- NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
- AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)
* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
Gn18-15a Gn24-33a
* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife
* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a
===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)
* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
-(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you
* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)
================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people
* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17
* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19
* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
Gn49-04 Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do
=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
---------------------------------------
Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
while DOING ITS WORK
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
--------------------------------------------------
Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
(EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
--------------------------------------------------
Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
(EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
(GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
* The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
* The law does not apply to real-estate or slander
=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)
==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================
* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)
* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
--------------------------------------------------------
Who am I
- THAT I should go to Pharaoh
- THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
--------------------------------------------------------
RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
- Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
- Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)
* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
verses but making small minor changes
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
---------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
VERSE PHRASE #1 PHRASE #2 PHRASE #3
------- --------- --------- ------------------
Ex20-03 Dont POSSESS the gods of others
Ex20-04 Dont MAKE idols
RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
---------------------------------------------------------------
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
|
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#