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(C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel
Volume 13 Number 11
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-----------------------------------
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Produced March 6th, 2002
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE |
` Whats new and hot in this issue? |
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE |
REVU SPECIAL | SPECIAL:This digest revus the major Rashi rules |
PESACH SPECIAL | The 4 sons: http://www.RashiYomi.com/pa.htm *1 |
' | |
RASHI RULES | NEW NEW The UnAbridged Rashi Database Approach*2 |
' | |
RVU RASHI RULES | |
' | |
CONTRADICTION*3 | 5methods to resolve contradiction between verses |
ALIGNMENT*4 | 4methods to resolve ALIGNED verse with diferences |
STYLE RULES*5 | 3 Style methods of Rabbi Ishmael |
DOUBLE NOUNS*6 | 4 methods to treat REPEATED WORDS in verses |
GRAMMAR*7 | Rashi emphasizes Rare usages |
| |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 What are the 4 sons really about? Who are they? Can the
Passover Hagaddah be used to help little Abrahamy learn?
Read this beautiful essay.
*2 A slightly technical paper. But this is the latest discussion
of WHY WE USE A DATABASE APPROACH? What can the database
approach do that we cant do otherwise? Visit
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/database.htm
*3 This is the famous Rashi method of Contradictory verses
See http://www.RashIYomi.Com/ri-14.htm for a summary
of the 5 methods
- 2 ASPECTS of the same item
- 2 STAGES of the same process
- 2 MODALITIES (Obligatory vs Permissable)
- BROAD vs LITERAL INTERPRETATION
- 2 Different NAMING methods
*4 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm. Study the 4
methods of using ALIGNMENT in study of the Bible
- Alignment indicates IDENTICAL WORD MEANING
- ALignment shows TWO DISTINCT CASES
- Alignment shows extra NUANCES
- Alignment shows MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS PROPERTIES
*5 Visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ishmael.htm
There are 3 Rabbi Ishmael styles
-- GENERAL-SPECIFIC: Indicates a LITERAL style
-- EXAMPLE-GENERAL: Indicates partially BROAD interpretation
-- SIMPLE SENTENCE: Indicates REQUIRED GENERALIZATION
*6 See http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
Words are usually not repeated. When they are there are
4 methods to interpret the repetition
- repetition denotes ENDEARMENT
- repetition denotes the BEST
- repetition denotes a BROAD INTERPRETATION-unusual meanings
- Repetition denotes extra emphasis in Subject,object etc
*7 When Rashi comments grammatically he usually comments
on rare conjugations or multiple uses of conjugations.
We frequently benefit from use of Konkordances of
Grammatical forms
|
Rashis covered in this issue |
|
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION |
======== | =============== | ======================================= |
Ex37-01a | RIshmael | Managers take credit for doing Projects |
Ex39-32a | Example4 | Temple work done SINCE Jews did as told |
Ex39-33a | Example4 | Temple work done SINCE Jews did as told |
Ex36-07a | DOUBLE NOUNS | TRANSPORT of GOODS requires ARTISANS |
Ex08-11a | GRAMMAR | INFINITIVE denotes ONGOING vs 1 time |
Ex36-07b | GRAMMAR | INFINITIVE denotes ONGOING vs 1 time |
Ex40-03a | Alignment | Alignment shows SACOTHA=HIVDILA=Cover |
--------- | ---------------- | --------------------------------------- |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex37-01a
MANAGER TAKES CREDIT |
BACKGROUND
----------
Ex37 is talking about how the Jews made the Temple. Recall
that Bezalel was the Head Artisan while many other staff
participated.
THE VERSE-Ex37-01
------------------
Ex37-01 And BESALEL made the Ark....
Ex36-08 And all CRAFTSMAN made the Temple
RASHI
-----
As the capped words show the two verses modestly contradict
each other. We have discussed the method of inferring from
contradictory verses in the reference below which gives
5 methods for dealing with contradictory verses.
Here we use the method of 2 aspects. There were 2 aspects to
making the ark
-- Besalel was THE MANAGER of making the ark
-- The CRAFTSMAN were the WORKERS who made the ark*10
REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ri-14.htm
This presents 5 methods for dealing with contradictory
verses.
FURTHER VERSE SUPPORT
---------------------
Ex35-30 Moses Announces Bezalels appointment as manager
Ex35-34 Bezalel is a good director (=MANAGER)
Ex26-01 Bezalel worked together with his staff to make the temple
THE LIST
--------
The list below shows another way to defend this idea. We list
the introduction of each temple vessel that was made. The LIST
shows an alternation between BEZALEL and the CRAFTSMAN
demonstrating that they were partners. |
VERSE | TEMPLE ARTICLE | TEXT OF VERSE |
Ex36-08 | Temple building | ALL CRAFTSMAN made the temple building |
Ex36-14 | Temple tent | HE made the tent |
Ex36-20 | Temple framework | HE made the framework |
Ex37-01 | Temple ark | BEZALEL made the ark |
Ex37-10 | Temple Table | HE made the table |
Ex37-17 | Candellabrah | HE made the candellabrah |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 In passing Rashi notes that MANAGERS have the right to take
credit for the whole Job even though many people did the
work. The main inference of Rashi was from the
- complementary verses
- alignment of paragraphs
For the alignment module see
http://www.RashiYomi.com/align-58.htm
There are 4 methods of alignment. The above alignment
shows multiple and combined aspects
|
RASHI METHOD USED: ALIGNMENT || Rabbi Ishmael
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex39-32a
RASHIS COVERED: Ex39-32a Ex39-33a
THE GENERAL-SPECIFIC STYLE |
BACKGROUND
----------
Ex39 describes the construction of the temple. At the end
of the chapter it states
THE VERSE--Ex39-32
------------------
GENERAL CLAUSE: And the Temple work was completed [BECAUSE]
SPECIFIC CLAUSE: The Jews did all Temple work God commanded
THE RASHI
---------
The above verse uses a GENERAL-SPECIFIC method
In this method the Bible first states a GENERAL statement
---------------------------------
The temple work was completed
---------------------------------
But we dont know why or how it was completed
Then the verse continues with a SPECIFIC CAUSE OR METHOD
--------------------------------------------------------
BECAUSE the Jews did all the crafstman orders commanded
--------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/example4.htm
Also see the whole Rabbi Ishmael series
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ishmael.htm
THE LIST
--------
Notice how these Rashis seem almost obvious. In the list
below we give other examples of almost obvious comments
made by Rashi. Frequently these verses are made to read
smoother by adding a connective word. For more details see
the references |
VERSE | GENERAL STATEMENT | METHOD & CAUSE |
Gn09-11a | I-ll fulfill my CONVENANT | BY using a RAINBOW SYMBO |
Nu03-06a | The Levites will SERVE Aaron | BY WATCHing the Temple |
Nu05-12d | She DESECRATES her marriage | BY SLEEPING with a man |
Dt02-04a | Jews; WATCH yourself by Esauv | Dont START UP with him |
Dt06-06a | LOVE your Lord God | BY LEARNING Torah |
Ex39-32a | Temple work was COMPLETED*10 | SINCE Jews DID AS TOLD |
| | |
COMMENTS |
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 We use this opportunity to explain a really wild Rashi
-------------------------------------------------------
Ex39-33a (Rashi): God told Moses to erect the temple.
Moses asked: But it is to heavy to erect. God responded:
You do what you are obligated and I will do the rest.
So Moses grabbed the (heavy) wooden pillars and they
ERECTED BY THEMSELVES.
-------------------------------------------------------
It would appear that Rashi is stating a wild miracle
that the Pillars self-erected and were helped by
Moses great strength.
Such an approach is shallow. Although it accepts Rashi
literally it does not enhance us with the deep moral
values that Rashi wanted to instill in us.
First we take note of the verse we are discussing
----------------------------------------------
The Temple was completed BECAUSE
the Jews did as God said
----------------------------------------------
Next we emphasize that this was a theme throughout
the construction of the temple. Almost every
chapter ends with this refrain
-------------------------------------------------------
VERSE SUBJECT REFRAIN:TEXT OF VERSE
-------- --------------- ------------------------------
Ex39-01 Temple clothes Jews did as God commanded
Ex39-43 Temple utensils Jews did as God commanded
Ex40-19 Temple building Jews did as God commanded
Ex40-23 Temple table Jews did as God commanded
Ex40-25 Temple Lamp Jews did as God commanded
Ex40-27 Gold Altar Jews did as God commanded
Ex40-29 Outer altar Jews did as God commanded
-------------------------------------------------------
Finally we show contrasts on Projects where the Jews
did not do as God commanded
-------------------------------------------------------
TOPIC VERSE BREACH OF GODS LAWS
---------- ------------ -------------------------------
Midyan War Nu31-15 The Jews let the women live
Israel Nu39-06 Gadites dont want Israel
Israel Nu14-04 Spies recommend against Israel
-------------------------------------------------------
We conclude from these 3 lists that the Temple was
special: The Jews, this time, did as God commanded.
Now we understand Rashi: Because every utensil was
made EXACTLY as commanded therefore the erection
of the temple WENT SMOOTHLY: For example if the
wood boards were not smooth they would not remain
standing after erected. Precisely because they
were cut properly therefore they stood in place.
And precisely because all parts were cut to
exact measurement therefore the Temple building
fit together properly.
Thus the miracle did NOT consist of boards floating
upwards!@? Rather the miracle consisted of boards
and parts that FIT TOGETHER SMOOTHLY and enabled
a quick efficient erection.
The emphasis here is on the compliance of the Jews
with Gods commands.
Rashi citing a Midrash simply states this in a
pictueresque way: The boards helped erect themselves
by the spirit of God. But again: The emphasis is
that the building fit together quickly and smoothly
because the Jews did as God commanded.
| |
RASHI RULE USED: EXAMPLE4
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex36-07a
THE METHOD OF DOUBLE NOUNS |
THE VERSE
---------
The crafstman made many things for the temple. And they brought
their goods to the temple. AND THIS craftsmanship WAS SUFFICIENT
FOR ALL THE craftsmanship AND MORE
THE METHOD
----------
A general rule of all languages is not to repeat words. So if
you have to refer back to a word you use a pronoun. In the
reference below we outlined 4 methods for dealing with
repeated words. One of these methods is to interpret the
repeated word BROADLY; that is to give it a meaning it usually
doesnt have.
THE RASHI
---------
The Hebrew(or English) word CRAFTSMANSHIP typically refers
to artisan work. However because the word is repeated in
the above verse we let it refer to the TRANSPORT OF GOODS.
(TRANSPORT is not normally considered an artisan work of
CRAFTSMANSHIP)
THE REFERENCE
-------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/doubl-14.htm lists the 4 methods
of repetitions
THE LIST
--------
THe list below gives verses with repeated words and
indicates how Rashi interpreted them broadly with a meaning
it usually doesnt have. The footnotes provide further detail |
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | BROAD INTERPRETATION |
Gn26-13a | & Isaac GREW GREW | Even his manure*1 |
Gn39-11b | he left his GARMENT GARMENT | Garment of sin*2 |
Nu17-28a | All who come NEAR NEAR ...*3 | Even if it was crowded |
Nu05-12a | A MAN MAN who suspects his wife | Even a paranoic man*4 |
Gn08-21b | God will not destroy not destroy | No matter how evil*5 |
Ex36-07a | the CRAFSTMANSHIP was enough*6 | TRANSPORT |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 THe man GREW usually refers to Assets and connections.
GREW GREW means even his field MANURE was coveted
*2 A GARMENT usually refers to clothing. But in this context
Joseph was grabbed by his masters wife and left his
GARMENT GARMENT their. So we interpret GARMENT to refer
to a sexually stained garment indicating he thought of
sinning.
*3 The verse threatens with punishment anyone who comes
NEAR to the temple. Normally I would interpret this to
refer to anyone who WILLFULLY came near. The repeated
word NEAR NEAR endows NEAR with a non-standard
meaning--even if eg it was crowded and he was bumped
into and came near he is still liable!!
*4 Recall (Nu05) that we perform a Suspected wife ceremony on
a woman suspected by her husband. This ceremony is quite
an ordeal. True the woman is only subjected to it if she
does something unseemingly. But I would think that if her
husband in paranoic we dont subject her. Therefore the
verse says IF A MAN MAN indicating even a paranoic person
*5 God promised Noach not to destroy the world. I would think
that this only applies if people dont agressively sin.
The repeated phrase I WILL NOT DESTROY NOT DESTROY implies
that God will not destroy EVEN IF THEY DESERVE IT.
*6 As commented CRAFTSMANSHIP usually does not refer to
non-artisan activities like transport. Because of its
repetition it refers here to TRANSPORT
|
RASHI RULE USED: DOUBLE NOUNS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex08-11a
RASHIS COVERED: Ex08-11a Ex36-07b
THE INFINITIVE REFERS TO ONGOING ACTIVITY |
BACKGROUND
----------
Hebrew is made of 3-letter verbs each of which can be
conjugated in various forms. Normally the conjugations are
distinct. Thus the FUTURE CONJUGATION refers to the future,
the PAST CONJUGATION refers to the past while the PRESENT
conjugation refers to the PRESENT.
In advanced Hebrew,CONJUGATIONS can have multiple functions
THE REFERENCE
--------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/inf-3.htm shows about a dozen
cases where the infinitive refers to ONGOING ACTIVITY
To fully illustrate this we used the Grammatical Form
Konkordance of Al Silberman, Form 772(20).
THE VERSE
---------
Zach03-04 Joshua was dressed in filthy clothes. So the angel
said remove these closes and I WILL dress him with good
clothes.
THE POINT
---------
The verse does not literally say, as translated, I WILL
dress him. Rather it uses the infinitive: TO DRESS HIM.
There are 2 points to make
--- The infinitive here is TRANSLATED AS THE FUTURE:
I WILL DRESS HIM
--- The infinitive vs the future refers to ONGOING activity
That is not only will Joshua be given GOOD CLOTHES this
time, but he will continually be given good clothes (he
will have a change of life)
THE LIST
--------
The list below provides several other verses where
- the infinitive is translated as the Future
- the infinitive vs the future indicates an ONGOING activity
to be continued. The last column documents this nuance |
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE(Infinitive CAP) | NUANCE OF INFINITIVE |
Ex08-11a | Pharoh WILL HARDEN his heart | Not once;but always |
2K03-24 | They STRUCK Moav | Not 1 strike; but many |
1K20-37 | He HIT him with cuts | Not 1 Strike; but many |
Ex36-07b | The production HAD EXTRAS | Extras for many ocasions |
Zac03-04 | I-ll DRESS him in good clothes | Continuously give to him |
Jr26-05 | Ill SEND prophets to you | Not 1 time; but often |
RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex40-03a
SAKOTHA means TO PLACE |
BACKGROUND
----------
Ex40 describes the construction of the temple
THE TEXT
--------
Ex40-03 states that the PAROCETH will SOCAYCH ON THE ARK
THE RASHI
---------
By looking at another almost identical verse we infer
that SAKOTHA means TO PLACE.
THE LIST
--------
The two verses are presented in the list below
REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/align-58.htm presents over
150 aligned verses We discuss 4 methods of alignment.
One such method frequently used in poetry is to infer
that two aligned terms have the same meaning. This is
the method used here. See the reference for further
examples. |
VERSE | PHRASE1 | PHRASE2 | PHRASE3 |
Ex26-34 | The Paroceth | Will divide | between HOLY & HOLY HOLY |
Ex40-03 | The Paroceth | Will SOCAYCH | on the Ark |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 |
| | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 Both verses are talking about the Paroceth
*2 One verse uses the word DIVIDER (The Paroceth was a
dividing curtain between the HOLY OF HOLIES which
contained the ark and the HOLIES which contained
the Table and Candellabrah (Ex26-33:35).
By alignment I infer that SOCAYCH also means TO DIVIDE
(Its actual meaning is TO COVER which closely approximates
this but has different nuances)
*3 Again: Referring to Ex26-33:35 we see that the ARK resided
in the HOLY OF HOLIES. Thus the two verses simply had
different emphasis: Ex40-03 emphasizes that the PAROCETH
CURTAIN COVERED THE ARK while Ex26-34 emphasized that
the PAROCETH CURTAIN FUNCTIONED as a DIVIDER between
the HOLY OF HOLIES that contained the ark and the rest
of the temple.
Thus one could approach this Rashi from the point of view
of word meaning---but it is also possible to approach it
from the point of view of ALIGNMENT
|
RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President
========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
He presents 2-6 meanings of words
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
- WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
- IN (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
- TO (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
- NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
- AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)
* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
Gn18-15a Gn24-33a
* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife
* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a
===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)
* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
-(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you
* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)
================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people
* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17
* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19
* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
Gn49-04 Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do
=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
---------------------------------------
Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
while DOING ITS WORK
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
--------------------------------------------------
Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
(EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
--------------------------------------------------
Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
(EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
(GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
* The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
* The law does not apply to real-estate or slander
=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)
==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================
* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)
* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
--------------------------------------------------------
Who am I
- THAT I should go to Pharaoh
- THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
--------------------------------------------------------
RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
- Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
- Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)
* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
verses but making small minor changes
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
---------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
VERSE PHRASE #1 PHRASE #2 PHRASE #3
------- --------- --------- ------------------
Ex20-03 Dont POSSESS the gods of others
Ex20-04 Dont MAKE idols
RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
---------------------------------------------------------------
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
|
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#