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               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 13 Number 11
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h13n11.htm

                 Produced March 6th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
REVU SPECIALSPECIAL:This digest revus the major Rashi rules
PESACH SPECIALThe 4 sons: http://www.RashiYomi.com/pa.htm *1
'
RASHI RULESNEW NEW The UnAbridged Rashi Database Approach*2
'
RVU RASHI RULES
'
CONTRADICTION*35methods to resolve contradiction between verses
ALIGNMENT*44methods to resolve ALIGNED verse with diferences
STYLE RULES*53 Style methods of Rabbi Ishmael
DOUBLE NOUNS*64 methods to treat REPEATED WORDS in verses
GRAMMAR*7Rashi emphasizes Rare usages
COMMENTS

*1 What are the 4 sons really about? Who are they? Can the
   Passover Hagaddah be used to help little Abrahamy learn?
   Read this beautiful essay.

*2 A slightly technical paper. But this is the latest discussion
   of WHY WE USE A DATABASE APPROACH? What can the database
   approach do that we cant do otherwise? Visit

   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/database.htm


*3 This is the famous Rashi method of Contradictory verses
   See http://www.RashIYomi.Com/ri-14.htm for a summary
   of the 5 methods
   - 2 ASPECTS of the same item
   - 2 STAGES of the same process
   - 2 MODALITIES (Obligatory vs Permissable)
   - BROAD vs LITERAL INTERPRETATION
   - 2 Different NAMING methods

*4 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm. Study the 4
   methods of using ALIGNMENT in study of the Bible
   - Alignment indicates IDENTICAL WORD MEANING
   - ALignment shows TWO DISTINCT CASES
   - Alignment shows extra NUANCES
   - Alignment shows MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS PROPERTIES

*5 Visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ishmael.htm

   There are 3 Rabbi Ishmael styles
   -- GENERAL-SPECIFIC: Indicates a LITERAL style
   -- EXAMPLE-GENERAL: Indicates partially BROAD interpretation
   -- SIMPLE SENTENCE: Indicates REQUIRED GENERALIZATION

*6 See http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
   Words are usually not repeated. When they are there are
   4 methods to interpret the repetition

   - repetition denotes ENDEARMENT
   - repetition denotes the BEST
   - repetition denotes a BROAD INTERPRETATION-unusual meanings
   - Repetition denotes extra emphasis in Subject,object etc

*7 When Rashi comments grammatically he usually comments
   on rare conjugations or multiple uses of conjugations.
   We frequently benefit from use of Konkordances of
   Grammatical forms



Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Ex37-01aRIshmaelManagers take credit for doing Projects
Ex39-32aExample4Temple work done SINCE Jews did as told
Ex39-33aExample4Temple work done SINCE Jews did as told
Ex36-07aDOUBLE NOUNSTRANSPORT of GOODS requires ARTISANS
Ex08-11aGRAMMARINFINITIVE denotes ONGOING vs 1 time
Ex36-07bGRAMMARINFINITIVE denotes ONGOING vs 1 time
Ex40-03aAlignmentAlignment shows SACOTHA=HIVDILA=Cover
----------------------------------------------------------------


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex37-01a

MANAGER TAKES CREDIT


BACKGROUND
----------
Ex37 is talking about how the Jews made the Temple. Recall
that Bezalel was the Head Artisan while many other staff
participated.

THE VERSE-Ex37-01
------------------
Ex37-01 And BESALEL made the Ark....
Ex36-08 And all CRAFTSMAN made the Temple

RASHI
-----
As the capped words show the two verses modestly contradict
each other. We have discussed the method of inferring from
contradictory verses in the reference below which gives
5 methods for dealing with contradictory verses.

Here we use the method of 2 aspects. There were 2 aspects to
making the ark
-- Besalel was THE MANAGER of making the ark
-- The CRAFTSMAN were the WORKERS who made the ark*10

REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ri-14.htm
This presents 5 methods for dealing with contradictory
verses.

FURTHER VERSE SUPPORT
---------------------
Ex35-30 Moses Announces Bezalels appointment as manager
Ex35-34 Bezalel is a good director (=MANAGER)
Ex26-01 Bezalel worked together with his staff to make the temple

THE LIST
--------
The list below shows another way to defend this idea. We list
the introduction of each temple vessel that was made. The LIST
shows an alternation between BEZALEL and the CRAFTSMAN
demonstrating that they were partners.
VERSETEMPLE ARTICLETEXT OF VERSE
Ex36-08Temple buildingALL CRAFTSMAN made the temple building
Ex36-14Temple tentHE made the tent
Ex36-20Temple frameworkHE made the framework
Ex37-01Temple arkBEZALEL made the ark
Ex37-10Temple TableHE made the table
Ex37-17CandellabrahHE made the candellabrah
COMMENTS

*1 In passing Rashi notes that MANAGERS have the right to take
   credit for the whole Job even though many people did the
   work. The main inference of Rashi was from the
   - complementary verses
   - alignment of paragraphs

   For the alignment module see
   http://www.RashiYomi.com/align-58.htm

   There are 4 methods of alignment. The above alignment
   shows multiple and combined aspects


RASHI METHOD USED: ALIGNMENT || Rabbi Ishmael

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex39-32a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex39-32a Ex39-33a

THE GENERAL-SPECIFIC STYLE


BACKGROUND
----------
Ex39 describes the construction of the temple. At the end
of the chapter it states

THE VERSE--Ex39-32
------------------
GENERAL CLAUSE: And the Temple work was completed [BECAUSE]
SPECIFIC CLAUSE: The Jews did all Temple work God commanded

THE RASHI
---------
The above verse uses a GENERAL-SPECIFIC method
In this method the Bible first states a GENERAL statement
---------------------------------
The temple work was completed
---------------------------------
But we dont know why or how it was completed

Then the verse continues with a SPECIFIC CAUSE OR METHOD
--------------------------------------------------------
BECAUSE the Jews did all the crafstman orders commanded
--------------------------------------------------------

REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/example4.htm
Also see the whole Rabbi Ishmael series
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ishmael.htm


THE LIST
--------
Notice how these Rashis seem almost obvious. In the list
below we give other examples of almost obvious comments
made by Rashi. Frequently these verses are made to read
smoother by adding a connective word. For more details see
the references
VERSEGENERAL STATEMENTMETHOD & CAUSE
Gn09-11aI-ll fulfill my CONVENANTBY using a RAINBOW SYMBO
Nu03-06aThe Levites will SERVE AaronBY WATCHing the Temple
Nu05-12dShe DESECRATES her marriageBY SLEEPING with a man
Dt02-04aJews; WATCH yourself by EsauvDont START UP with him
Dt06-06aLOVE your Lord GodBY LEARNING Torah
Ex39-32aTemple work was COMPLETED*10SINCE Jews DID AS TOLD
COMMENTS



LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 We use this opportunity to explain a really wild Rashi
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Ex39-33a (Rashi): God told Moses to erect the temple.
    Moses asked: But it is to heavy to erect. God responded:
    You do what you are obligated and I will do the rest.
    So Moses grabbed the (heavy) wooden pillars and they
    ERECTED BY THEMSELVES.
    -------------------------------------------------------

    It would appear that Rashi is stating a wild miracle
    that the Pillars self-erected and were helped by
    Moses great strength.

    Such an approach is shallow. Although it accepts Rashi
    literally it does not enhance us with the deep moral
    values that Rashi wanted to instill in us.

    First we take note of the verse we are discussing
    ----------------------------------------------
    The Temple was completed BECAUSE
    the Jews did as God said
    ----------------------------------------------

    Next we emphasize that this was a theme throughout
    the construction of the temple. Almost every
    chapter ends with this refrain
    -------------------------------------------------------
    VERSE    SUBJECT         REFRAIN:TEXT OF VERSE
    -------- --------------- ------------------------------
    Ex39-01  Temple clothes  Jews did as God commanded
    Ex39-43  Temple utensils Jews did as God commanded
    Ex40-19  Temple building Jews did as God commanded
    Ex40-23  Temple table    Jews did as God commanded
    Ex40-25  Temple Lamp     Jews did as God commanded
    Ex40-27  Gold Altar      Jews did as God commanded
    Ex40-29  Outer altar     Jews did as God commanded
    -------------------------------------------------------

    Finally we show contrasts on Projects where the Jews
    did not do as God commanded

    -------------------------------------------------------
    TOPIC      VERSE        BREACH OF GODS LAWS
    ---------- ------------ -------------------------------
    Midyan War Nu31-15      The Jews let the women live
    Israel     Nu39-06      Gadites dont want Israel
    Israel     Nu14-04      Spies recommend against Israel
    -------------------------------------------------------

    We conclude from these 3 lists that the Temple was
    special: The Jews, this time, did as God commanded.

    Now we understand Rashi: Because every utensil was
    made EXACTLY as commanded therefore the erection
    of the temple WENT SMOOTHLY: For example if the
    wood boards were not smooth they would not remain
    standing after erected. Precisely because they
    were cut properly therefore they stood in place.
    And precisely because all parts were cut to
    exact measurement therefore the Temple building
    fit together properly.

    Thus the miracle did NOT consist of boards floating
    upwards!@? Rather the miracle consisted of boards
    and parts that FIT TOGETHER SMOOTHLY and enabled
    a quick efficient erection.

    The emphasis here is on the compliance of the Jews
    with Gods commands.

    Rashi citing a Midrash simply states this in a
    pictueresque way: The boards helped erect themselves
    by the spirit of God. But again: The emphasis is
    that the building fit together quickly and smoothly
    because the Jews did as God commanded.


RASHI RULE USED: EXAMPLE4

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex36-07a

THE METHOD OF DOUBLE NOUNS



THE VERSE
---------
The crafstman made many things for the temple. And they brought
their goods to the temple. AND THIS craftsmanship WAS SUFFICIENT
FOR ALL THE craftsmanship AND MORE

THE METHOD
----------
A general rule of all languages is not to repeat words. So if
you have to refer back to a word you use a pronoun. In the
reference below we outlined 4 methods for dealing with
repeated words. One of these methods is to interpret the
repeated word BROADLY; that is to give it a meaning it usually
doesnt have.

THE RASHI
---------
The Hebrew(or English) word CRAFTSMANSHIP typically refers
to artisan work. However because the word is repeated in
the above verse we let it refer to the TRANSPORT OF GOODS.
(TRANSPORT is not normally considered an artisan work of
CRAFTSMANSHIP)

THE REFERENCE
-------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/doubl-14.htm lists the 4 methods
of repetitions

THE LIST
--------
THe list below gives verses with repeated words and
indicates how Rashi interpreted them broadly with a meaning
it usually doesnt have. The footnotes provide further detail
VERSETEXT OF VERSEBROAD INTERPRETATION
Gn26-13a& Isaac GREW GREWEven his manure*1
Gn39-11bhe left his GARMENT GARMENTGarment of sin*2
Nu17-28aAll who come NEAR NEAR ...*3Even if it was crowded
Nu05-12aA MAN MAN who suspects his wifeEven a paranoic man*4
Gn08-21bGod will not destroy not destroyNo matter how evil*5
Ex36-07athe CRAFSTMANSHIP was enough*6TRANSPORT
COMMENTS

*1 THe man GREW usually refers to Assets and connections.
   GREW GREW means even his field MANURE was coveted

*2 A GARMENT usually refers to clothing. But in this context
   Joseph was grabbed by his masters wife and left his
   GARMENT GARMENT their. So we interpret GARMENT to refer
   to a sexually stained garment indicating he thought of
   sinning.

*3 The verse threatens with punishment anyone who comes
   NEAR to the temple. Normally I would interpret this to
   refer to anyone who WILLFULLY came near. The repeated
   word NEAR NEAR endows NEAR with a non-standard
   meaning--even if eg it was crowded and he was bumped
   into and came near he is still liable!!

*4 Recall (Nu05) that we perform a Suspected wife ceremony on
   a woman suspected by her husband. This ceremony is quite
   an ordeal. True the woman is only subjected to it if she
   does something unseemingly. But I would think that if her
   husband in paranoic we dont subject her. Therefore the
   verse says IF A MAN MAN indicating even a paranoic person

*5 God promised Noach not to destroy the world. I would think
   that this only applies if people dont agressively sin.
   The repeated phrase I WILL NOT DESTROY NOT DESTROY implies
   that God will not destroy EVEN IF THEY DESERVE IT.

*6 As commented CRAFTSMANSHIP usually does not refer to
   non-artisan activities like transport. Because of its
   repetition it refers here to TRANSPORT


RASHI RULE USED: DOUBLE NOUNS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex08-11a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex08-11a Ex36-07b

THE INFINITIVE REFERS TO ONGOING ACTIVITY


BACKGROUND
----------
Hebrew is made of 3-letter verbs each of which can be
conjugated in various forms. Normally the conjugations are
distinct. Thus the FUTURE CONJUGATION refers to the future,
the PAST CONJUGATION refers to the past while the PRESENT
conjugation refers to the PRESENT.

In advanced Hebrew,CONJUGATIONS can have multiple functions

THE REFERENCE
--------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/inf-3.htm shows about a dozen
cases where the infinitive refers to ONGOING ACTIVITY
To fully illustrate this we used the Grammatical Form
Konkordance of Al Silberman, Form 772(20).

THE VERSE
---------
Zach03-04 Joshua was dressed in filthy clothes. So the angel
said remove these closes and I WILL dress him with good
clothes.

THE POINT
---------
The verse does not literally say, as translated, I WILL
dress him. Rather it uses the infinitive: TO DRESS HIM.
There are 2 points to make
--- The infinitive here is TRANSLATED AS THE FUTURE:
I WILL DRESS HIM
--- The infinitive vs the future refers to ONGOING activity
That is not only will Joshua be given GOOD CLOTHES this
time, but he will continually be given good clothes (he
will have a change of life)

THE LIST
--------
The list below provides several other verses where
- the infinitive is translated as the Future
- the infinitive vs the future indicates an ONGOING activity
to be continued. The last column documents this nuance
VERSETEXT OF VERSE(Infinitive CAP)NUANCE OF INFINITIVE
Ex08-11aPharoh WILL HARDEN his heartNot once;but always
2K03-24They STRUCK MoavNot 1 strike; but many
1K20-37He HIT him with cutsNot 1 Strike; but many
Ex36-07bThe production HAD EXTRASExtras for many ocasions
Zac03-04I-ll DRESS him in good clothesContinuously give to him
Jr26-05Ill SEND prophets to youNot 1 time; but often


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex40-03a

SAKOTHA means TO PLACE


BACKGROUND
----------
Ex40 describes the construction of the temple

THE TEXT
--------
Ex40-03 states that the PAROCETH will SOCAYCH ON THE ARK

THE RASHI
---------
By looking at another almost identical verse we infer
that SAKOTHA means TO PLACE.

THE LIST
--------
The two verses are presented in the list below

REFERENCE
---------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/align-58.htm presents over
150 aligned verses We discuss 4 methods of alignment.
One such method frequently used in poetry is to infer
that two aligned terms have the same meaning. This is
the method used here. See the reference for further
examples.
VERSEPHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
Ex26-34The ParocethWill dividebetween HOLY & HOLY HOLY
Ex40-03The ParocethWill SOCAYCHon the Ark
Differs*1*2*3
COMMENTS

*1 Both verses are talking about the Paroceth

*2 One verse uses the word DIVIDER (The Paroceth was a
   dividing curtain between the HOLY OF HOLIES which
   contained the ark and the HOLIES which contained
   the Table and Candellabrah (Ex26-33:35).

   By alignment I infer that SOCAYCH also means TO DIVIDE
   (Its actual meaning is TO COVER which closely approximates
   this but has different nuances)

*3 Again: Referring to Ex26-33:35 we see that the ARK resided
   in the HOLY OF HOLIES. Thus the two verses simply had
   different emphasis: Ex40-03 emphasizes that the PAROCETH
   CURTAIN COVERED THE ARK while Ex26-34 emphasized that
   the PAROCETH CURTAIN FUNCTIONED as a DIVIDER between
   the HOLY OF HOLIES that contained the ark and the rest
   of the temple.

   Thus one could approach this Rashi from the point of view
   of word meaning---but it is also possible to approach it
   from the point of view of ALIGNMENT


RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#