`          Whats new and hot in this issue?

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TODAYS RASHI RULE:     OTHER VERSES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:  FURTHER DETAILS
---------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RULE and SUBRULE
-----------------------------------------
The rule of OTHER VERSES simply means that Rashi
is explaining one verse by citing an OTHER VERSE

One way of doing this is to cross reference a
verse that speaks about the SAME topic but gives
FURTHER details.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
The following example comes from the Passover
Hagaddah

Dt26-05 states that
-------------------------------
With only a FEW PEOPLE did the
Jews go down to Egypt
-------------------------------

FURTHER DETAILS on the meaning of
the Biblical phrase FEW PEOPLE is
provided in Gn46.

EXERCISE:
---------
Before reading the Rashi try reading
Gn46 yourself and see if you can
discover the further details.

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Rashi cites Gn46-27
-----------------------------
The total number of people who
came with Jacob to Egypt is 70
-----------------------------

Thus the Rashi method of OTHER VERSES
in this case has explained to us that
the FEW PEOPLE that went down to
Egypt refers to SEVENTY people


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------

http://www.Rashiyomi.com/other-20.htm


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how, if you are a teacher then you
can present the verse in the first column
(eg Dt26-05) and the CHAPTER (but not the verse)
in the 3rd column---e.g. Gn46.

The student is then instructed to discover
the further details. The students solution
can then be compared with Rashis.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
The new verse today requires that ritually impure people
be expelled from the Jewish Camp. But there are 3 camps...
which one are they expelled from? By a subtle use of OTHER
VERSES we are easily able to derive the law that
-- lepor impurity is expelled from 3 camps
-- sexual impurities are expelled from 2 camps
-- those who have had contact with dead are expelled from 1
The footnotes on the first 3 rows of the next
table provide further details.

For details on the other examples in the list please consult
the url listed above.

---------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:     OTHER VERSES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:  FURTHER DETAILS
---------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RULE and SUBRULE
-----------------------------------------
The rule of OTHER VERSES simply means that Rashi
is explaining one verse by citing an OTHER VERSE

One way of doing this is to cross reference a
verse that speaks about the SAME topic but gives
FURTHER details.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
The following example comes from the Passover
Hagaddah

Dt26-05 states that
-------------------------------
With only a FEW PEOPLE did the
Jews go down to Egypt
-------------------------------

FURTHER DETAILS on the meaning of
the Biblical phrase FEW PEOPLE is
provided in Gn46.

EXERCISE:
---------
Before reading the Rashi try reading
Gn46 yourself and see if you can
discover the further details.

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Rashi cites Gn46-27
-----------------------------
The total number of people who
came with Jacob to Egypt is 70
-----------------------------

Thus the Rashi method of OTHER VERSES
in this case has explained to us that
the FEW PEOPLE that went down to
Egypt refers to SEVENTY people


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/other-20.htm

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how, if you are a teacher then you
can present the verse in the first column
(eg Dt26-05) and the CHAPTER (but not the verse)
in the 3rd column---e.g. Gn46.

The student is then instructed to discover
the further details. The students solution
can then be compared with Rashis.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
Todays example focuses on Lv13-46 which requires the Lepor
to be expelled from all 3 camps. But expulsion is painful
and a punishment. No where do we find that Ritual impurity
is a sin that has to be punished. Indeed Lv13 states that
the meritorious act of childbirth confers ritual impurity.

The answer to this is an explicit OTHER VERSE which states
that LEPROSY is a punishment for slander and hence the
LEPOR must be punished. Further details may be found in
the footnotes.

Further details on other list elements may be found in
the URL above.

---------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:     OTHER VERSES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:  FURTHER DETAILS
---------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RULE and SUBRULE
-----------------------------------------
The rule of OTHER VERSES simply means that Rashi
is explaining one verse by citing an OTHER VERSE

One way of doing this is to cross reference a
verse that speaks about the SAME topic but gives
FURTHER details.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
The following example comes from the Passover
Hagaddah

Dt26-05 states that
-------------------------------
With only a FEW PEOPLE did the
Jews go down to Egypt
-------------------------------

FURTHER DETAILS on the meaning of
the Biblical phrase FEW PEOPLE is
provided in Gn46.

EXERCISE:
---------
Before reading the Rashi try reading
Gn46 yourself and see if you can
discover the further details.

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Rashi cites Gn46-27
-----------------------------
The total number of people who
came with Jacob to Egypt is 70
-----------------------------

Thus the Rashi method of OTHER VERSES
in this case has explained to us that
the FEW PEOPLE that went down to
Egypt refers to SEVENTY people


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/other-20.htm

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how, if you are a teacher then you
can present the verse in the first column
(eg Dt26-05) and the CHAPTER (but not the verse)
in the 3rd column---e.g. Gn46.

The student is then instructed to discover
the further details. The students solution
can then be compared with Rashis.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
Todays example focuses on Lv13-46 which requires the Lepor
to be expelled from all 3 camps. But expulsion is painful
and a punishment. No where do we find that Ritual impurity
is a sin that has to be punished. Indeed Lv13 states that
the meritorious act of childbirth confers ritual impurity.

The answer to this is an explicit OTHER VERSE which states
that LEPROSY is a punishment for slander and hence the
LEPOR must be punished. Further details may be found in
the footnotes.

Further details on other list elements may be found in
the URL above.

------------------------------------------
TODAYS RULE:    WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS SUBRULE: RASHI 1 LETTER ROOT THEORY
------------------------------------------

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF RULE AND SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to function as a dictionary
and explain the meanings of words. There are many
methods to infer the meanings of words.

Rashi and following him Rav Hirsch believed in each
of the Hebrew letters had individual meanings. Rashi
like other grammarians believed that Hebrew consists
of 3 letter roots which are conjugated to indicate
who (me, you, he) when (past, present future) and
other parameters.

But just as Rashi believed in 3 letter roots for
purposes of conjugation Rashi also believed in
1 and 2 letter roots for purposes of meaning. In
other words the 3 letter roots govern CONJUGATION
while the 2 and 1 letter roots govern MEANING.

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Job38-28 uses the Hebrew word EGEL which means droplet.
Now the last two letters of EGEL are GEL which means ROUND
The first letter of EGEL is ALEPH which according to Rashi
means THING. Putting this together we find that
- EGEL, the droplet is a THING, aleph, that is ROUND (GEL)

EXERCISE
--------
Go thru a standard list of Hebrew roots, such as may be
found in the Konkordance or Hebrew grammar books and try
and find other examples where ALEPH means THING.

RAV HIRSCHS/MY SOLUTION
-----------------------
- EVEN, rock, is a THING (ALEPH) you BUILD with (BNAH)
- EGEL, droplet, is a THING (ALEPH) that is ROUND(GEL)
- ESHEL, a desert inn, is a THING, that gives REST(SHLVAH)
- EGAM, a pond, is a THING(ALEPH), where REEDS (GAM) grow
- EVER, the wing, is a THING(ALEPH) you FLEE (BRACH) with

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
----------------
Rav Hirsch throughout his commentary developed this idea
of Rashi. He held that ALEPH could mean THING, or PERSON
or INDIVIDUALITY. He shows many examples of each.

I have followed thru on Rav Hirschs idea and suggested that
all 3 letter roots have meanings which can be derived from
their one letter root and two letter components.

Although there were 2 letter theorists before me, I
explicitly suggested that the 3rd letter had a meaning.

I also suggested that the 2 letter theorists did not
disagree that 3 letter roots were used for conjugation.

Finally, I suggested the principle of poetry---that an
assessment of the theory should treat 1+2 letter roots
the same way it treats poetic passages.

STANDARD REFERENCES
-------------------
http://www.rashiyomi.com/means-32.htm
This presents 13 methods of inferring meaning.
Method #2 is the root-letter method. About
2 dozen examples are given.

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
Suggest a root letter meaning of a letter.
For example: Suggest that ALEPH means THING
or that MEM means PLACE. Then ask students
to use a standard list of verbs such as found
in a Konkordance to see how many examples they
can uncover to support this suggestion.


TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
I have contended that MEM can mean PLACE.
Hence SAFAM, the mustache, means the PLACE(MEM)
where the MOUTH is (SAFAH). This is example
number 12 in the list below

Read the other examples below (and enjoy). This
rule in my opinion is one of the cuter rules
(cuteness and truth supplement not contradict
each other).

----------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:         WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:      SYNONYMS
----------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
---------------
All the databases in the world will still not create intuition
and insight, they can only support it. We therefore give
humble acknowledgement to Malbim for his pioneering and deep
work on synonyms and their nuances. If Malbim is considered
the discoverer of a cave of Gems then I have brought a
flashlight in to behold the multi-color facets of these gems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RULE AND SUBRULE
-----------------------------------------
Rashi had 6 major goals in his commentary. See
http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm.  One of these
major goals was similar to the goals of a dictionary.
Rashi wished to explain and clarify the meaning of words

However sometimes two words are synonyms. They seem to
mean the same thing. In such a case Rashis subgoal was
to explain the nuances that distinguished these two words.

In my paper PESHAT & DERASH, Tradition Winter 1980 I suggest
that an appropriate vehicle for clarifying word meanings is
use of semantic models from other languages.

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Perhaps the best or most famous example of word meaning
is the word KI. According to one Talmudic statement the
word KI has 4 meanings. But if you actually count the
meanings you will find 7.

EXERCISE
--------
Here are some sample verses. See if you can find the
right English translation for KI in each verse. That is
try and find one English word that will make the sentence
sound punchy and correct. The answers are provided below
--------------------------------------------------------------
1. Gn18-15a Sarah denied it, KI _______ she was afraid
2. Dt15-08b Dont be miserly. KI _______ Give charity
3. Ex34-09a KI _____ we become obstinate, THEN forgive us
4. Dt32-03a KI _____ I mention Gods name, give praise to God
5. Nu20-29c The nation saw KI _______ Aaron died
6. Ex23-05c KI _____ you will see him and desert him? Help him.
---------------------------------------------------------------

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
1. BECAUSE
2. RATHER
3. IF
4. WHEN
5. THAT
6. PERHAPS

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS EXAMPLE
------------------------------------
See http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm which hyperlinks
to many more postings.


TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
Todays example is the verb KRA which traditionally is
translated as CALLS. However as the list below shows KRA can
mean
- CALL
- NAME
- SUMMON
- PROCLAIM
Rashi translates Lv13-45e as THE LEPOR WILL PROCLAIM HE
IS RITUALLY IMPURE. In other words, KRA means PROCLAIM

KRA also has other meanings (Such as READ). FInally KRA
can have specific meanings based on the prepositions it
is associated with (For example: KRA EL means to PAGE, that
is to announce that someone will call you). In this
posting we simply concentrate on possible meanings
and do not study the more complex issue of which
connective prepositions should be used.

EXAMPLE
-------
Using a Konkordance or CD Rom try and do the following
-- find verses with the root KRA
-- find semantic models (nifty translations) for these verses
-- try and find verses where KRA means CALL, SUMMON, PROCLAIM
Such an exercise enriches ones understanding of nuances.

FURTHER READING
---------------
Dr Zornbergs books on the Bible, although not written in an
analytic tradition, are nevertheless conceptually based on
the differing nuances of synonyms. A person who reads her
books will gain much in this particular skill competency.