*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.

*1 This is the same in all 3 verses. They all prohibit
   MAKING IDOLS. The question then arises as to what the
   word MAKING can refer to.

*2 A brief summary is presented in this footnote. For
   a complete derivation see Footnote *10

   The Bible prohibits in these 3 verses ANY type of idol
   making whether
   - you personally sculpture/make it (Ex20-03)
   - you have it made for you (Lv19-04c)
   - you manufacture it for export.

*10 We defend the above analysis using ideas of Malbim (&
    augmented by us). We proceed in 5 stages
    - THE POSSIBLE MEANINGS OF make
    - SCRIPTURAL SUPPORT FOR THESE MEANINGS
    - HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE 3 MEANINGS(Grammar/context)
    - DERIVATION OF THE LAWS
    - COMMENT ON THE ALIGNMENT METHOD


  - THE POSSIBLE MEANINGS OF make
  -------------------------------
  In most languages the word MAKE can refer to several things
   -- It can refer to MAKING an OBJECT
   -- It can refer to HAVING SOMETHING made for you
   -- It can refer to DIRECTING A MANUFACTURING PROCESS

  - SCRIPTURAL SUPPORT FOR THESE MEANINGS
  ---------------------------------------
   The Malbim (to whom we acknowledge most of this analysis)
   cleverly finds 1 verse with both nuances (Ex32-35)

   ---------------------------------
   God punished the nation because
   THEY MADE the Golden calf
   which AARON MADE
   ---------------------------------

   Clearly AARON MADE=SCULPTORED the idol while the
   nation MADE=HIRED AARON to make the idol.

   Other examples of people DIRECTING an act vs ACTUALLY
   doing it may be found in
   - Gn50-10 (Joseph DIRECTED a national mourning for Jacob
   - Ex37-01 (Bezalel DIRECTED making the ark)

   - HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE 3 MEANINGS
   -------------------------------
   -Ex20-03 refers to SCULPTURED idols and hence refers to
   personally making them.

   -Lv19-04 uses the PLURAL (MAKE FOR YOURSELVES) while
   the other 2 verses use the SINGULAR (MAKE FOR YOURSELF)
   Hence Lv19-04 refers to making in the context of a plurality
   It refers to HIRING or DIRECTING someone else to make it
   for you.

   -Ex34-17 which refers to MOLTEN IDOLS necessarily refers
   to a MANUFACTURING process (Since individuals dont
   make molten objects by themselves--though they do sculpture
   themselves).

   - DERIVATION OF THE LAWS
   ------------------------
   Note: The laws are NOT derived as a number game. We do NOT
   say THERE ARE 3 VERSES and HENCE THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF
   PROHIBITIONS. Rather the 3 verses, as just indicated
   describe three different types of production

   - Ex20-03 prohibits SCULPTURING
   - Lv19-04 prohibits HAVING MADE FOR YOU
   - Ex34-17 prohibits MANUFACTURE

   Thus the law prohibits ANY type of idol production
   whether for export, by someone else or by oneself.

   - COMMENT ON THE ALIGNMENT METHOD
   ---------------------------------
   Despite the brilliance of the above derivation the reader
   may feel I am splitting hairs; the reader may feel that
   this is not the simple intended meaning of the text.

   To this I would respond that the derivation comes from
   the ALIGNMENT. THe fundamental principle of ALIGNMENT
   is that by using
   - DIFFERENT GRAMMAR (Plural vs SIngular)
   - DIFFERENT EXAMPLES (sculptored vs Molten)
   the Bible goes out of its way to tell us different
   components of the law.

   Perhaps then, this example of alignment should be
   better classified under the ALIGNMENTS THAT EMPHASIZE
   MULTIPLE COMPONENTS.

*1 Rashi (lv07-16a) uses the principle that
   --------------------------------------------
   The Bible indicates Paragraph structure by
   skillfully using repeated keywords
   --------------------------------------------

   Thus the structure of Lv07-11:17 is as follows
   ----------------------------------------------
   Lv07-11 These are the PEACE OFFERING LAWS
   Lv07-12 IF you offer a THANK YOU OFFERING then...
   '
   Lv07-16 IF you offer a VOLUNTARY/OBLIGATORY offering
   '
   ----------------------------------------------

   The repeated KEYWORD IF indicates TWO SEPARATE
   paragraphs. That is there are two types of PEACE
   OFFERINGS

   - There is the THANK YOU PEACE OFFERING
     This is brought when you THANK GOD for being
     saved from danger. You only have 1 Day and
     night to eat it and it is brought with MATZOH

   - There are all other types of PEACE OFFERINGS
     whether OBLIGATORY or VOLUNTARY. THese are
     eaten for 1 day, 1 night and 1 day and are
     not brought with Matzoh.

   These differences in detail will be seen in
   the footnotes. BUt the FACT of two types of
   PEACE OFFERINGS may be inferred from the
   repeating KEYWORD, IF

*2 Notice how ONLY the THANK YOU OFFERING has verses
   dealing with MATZOH. Hence only the THANK YOU
   OFFERING has ACCOMPANYING MATZOHS but not the
   ordinary PEACE OFFERING

*3 We have shortened the verse to save space. The
   full verse reads as follows
   --------------------------------------------------
   if you offer these sacrifices then OFFER it DESIRABLY*10
   --------------------------------------------------

   Note how this REQUIREMENT of DESIRABILITY is
   an important difference in the repetition of the
   sacrifice chapters. Thus the ALIGNMENT method shows
   us that this DESIRABILITY is
   REQUIRED.

   The SIMPLEST interpretation of this DESIREABLE
   requirement is that the offerer of the sacrifice
   should see to it that the sacrifice is PLEASING
   AND DESIRABLE TO GOD--that is, that the sacrifice
   should comply with ALL requirements (eg it should
   only be eaten for 1 day and 1 night (or 1 day,
   1 night and 1 day etc).*11


*4 These clauses show one principle difference between
   the PEACE OFFERING vs the THANK YOU offering.
   -- The THANK YOU offering is eaten THAT DAY &
      the NEXT NIGHT

   -- OTHER PEACE Offerings are eaten that DAY, the
      next NIGHT and the following DAY.

   So for example if a THANK YOU OFFERING and
   PEACE offering were offered on SUNDAY. Then

   -- The THANK you offering can be eaten SUNDAY
      and SUNDAY NIGHT but not MONDAY MORNING

   -- The PEACE OFFERING, by contrast, can be
      eaten, SUNDAY, SUNDAY NIGHT and MONDAY BY
      DAY (But cannot be eaten MONDAY NIGHT)

*10 Some sample verses which give the flavor of this
    translation (Resh-Tzade-Hey means DESIRABLE) are
    presented by Radack in his book ROOTS

    ---------------------------------------------------
    1Sam29-04 How else can this slave PLEASE his master
    2Chr10-07 If you PLEASE this nation ..they will serve you
    Dt33-24   May Joseph be DESIRABLE to his brothers
    Jr14-12   I dont find their sacrifices DESIRABLE
    Lv19-07   it is disgusting & UNDESIRABLE
    ---------------------------------------------------

    PLEASE here is used in the sense of MAKE DESIRABLE
    Rashi on Lv19-05d also translates Resh-Tzade-Hey
    this way.

*11 Ah...but Rashi doesnt ONLY interpret the verse
    in this simple way. After giving this simple
    interpretation
    --------------------------------------------
    This DESIRABLE CLAUSE indicates that when
    offering these sacrifices the offerer
    should have in mind to comply with all
    requirements such as the required time lines
    in which the sacrifice is eaten That is
    the offerer should intend to become DESIRABLE
    to GOD by following His Will
    --------------------------------------------

    After giving this simple interpretation Rashi
    adds
    ---------------------------------------------
    AND our sages have FURTHER interpreted this
    DESIRABLE CLAUSE to indicate that if you
    offer a sacrifice in a habitual way without
    thinking about it then it is invalid
    ---------------------------------------------

    The simplest interpretation of this added
    clause in Rashi is that
    - Rashi WAS NOT INFERRING this from the verse
    - Rashi WAS INFERRING this using GENERALIZATION

    In other words, recall that one of the Rabbi
    Ishmael principles is that every simple verse
    should be generalized. So Dt25-04a states
    -----------------------------------------
    Dont muzzle an ox while threshing
    -----------------------------------------

    Because of the Rabbi Ishmael style rule we
    interpret this to mean
    ------------------------------------------
    Dont muzzle ANY animal while DOING ITS WORK
    ------------------------------------------

    Similarly for example Ex21-28a describes the
    damages payable for torts by oxen. Because
    of the Rabbi Ishmael rule this law applies to
    damage done by ANY animal.


    For a discussion and further examples please revu
    http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example4.htm

    Returning to our verse we see that the verse,
    as a result of alignment, indicates that when
    we offer a peace offering we are required to
    intend desirability to God and do it the way He
    wants.

    However Rabbi Ishmaels GENERALIZATION rule then
    requires us to GENERALIZE this: ANY lack of
    intent (such as doing the sacrifice habitually
    without thinking) invalidates it.

    In summary
    - the verse states OFFER IT DESIRABLY
    - the simple meaning is INTEND TO DO AS GOD ASKS
    - the GENERALIZED MEANING is to have INTENT on
      all aspects of the sacrifice