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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 13 Number 6
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h13n6.htm

                 Produced February 20th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?

*1 I am aided in this series by the following Sefer
   ------------------------------------------------
   The MISHKAN and the Holy Garments
   ------------------------------------------------
   by Rabbi Steinberg, TORAS CHAIM, Jerusalem 5752

   We will therefore frequently cite many Rishonim/Acharonim
   and other opinions. ARE PRIMARY FOCUS will always be
   explanation of the Biblical text

   This book was loaned to me by the family of an elderly
   incapacitated person whom I lained for last year in his house

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex28-11c

BACKGROUND
----------
One of Rashis goals is to explain the meaning of words the same
way a dictionary does. In this posting Rashi examines the
preposition AL which has 5 meanings

REFERENCES
----------
The 6 Rashi goals: http://www.Rashiyomi.Com/rules-01.htm
Rashis on words:   http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm
Rashis on AL:      http://www.RashiYomi.com/al-5.htm

The TEXT
--------
Ex28-11 Using artisan work you shall engrave the stones
WITH (AL) the names of the Jewish tribes

THE RASHI
---------
AL here means WITH not ON, its usual meaning

THE LIST
--------
The LIST below contains verses where AL means WITH. Ex28-11c
is a new entry.

RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex27-20d

RASHIS COVERED: Ex27-20d Ex27-21a Ex28-11d

BACKGROUND
-----------
Ex27 and Ex28 are describing how the Jews make oil to enable
the Temple Candellabrah to burn all night. It also describes
the making of the priestly garments e.g. It describes how
stones were set in the garments.

THE TEXT
--------
Make lights ALWAYS in the temple

THE RASHI
---------
The word ALWAYS could mean CONTINUOUSLY or CONTINUALLY. That is
it could mean that the light of the candellabrah burns ALL
24 HOURS or it could mean that the candellabrah is lit every
night.

Rashi explains that in this verse ALWAYS means CONTINUALLY
He derives this from the explicit statement in the verse
MAKE LIGHTS CONTINUALLY FROM EVE TO DAWN--thus ALWAYS means
EVERY night, and ALL night.

THE LIST
--------
The list below contains some verses and some ambiguous
phrases that Rashi interpets by FILLING IN the text. Rashis
goal here was to facilitate understanding of ambiguous texts.

*1 The Hebrew word TAMID means ALWAYS. The word ALWAYS
   can mean CONTINUOUSLY, DAILY or NIGHTLY.

   For example Ex29-38 speaks about ALWAYS OFFERING 2 SACRIFICES
   A DAY. Hence, in that verse, ALWAYS refers to DAILY not to
   ALWAYS. Usually the meaning of ALWAYS can be inferred from
   the context. Here is a small list of verses with ALWAYS
   -------------------------------------------------------------
   MEANING OF ALWAYS SAMPLE VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE
   ----------------- --------------- ---------------------------
   CONTINUOUSLY      Ps71-14         I will ALWAYS hope
   DAILY             Ex29-38         2 offerings a day, always
   NIGHTLY           Ex27-20:21      ALWAYS lit from eve to dawn
   -------------------------------------------------------------
   In this verse ALWAYS means NIGHTLY since it explicitly says
   ALWAYS, FROM EVE TO DAWN

*2 The verse means
   -------------------------------------------------------------
   prepare the lights with enough oil [TO BURN] from eve to dawn
   -------------------------------------------------------------

   Rashi inserted the elliptical phrase [TO BURN] which clarifies
   the meaning.

   Without the added phrase the verse sounds like it is saying
   -----------------------------------
   PREPARE the lights FROM EVE TO DAWN
   -----------------------------------
   that is, it sounds as if it is saying the priest should
   prepare the lights the whole night.

*3 THe word SURROUND means to ENCIRCLE. In this verse it
   takes on a new meaning---it refers to stone settings that
   SURROUND the whole stone (vs stone settings that eg just
   surround half the stone).

   The way we have translated the verse
   ------------------------------
   stone SURROUNDED with SETTINGS
   ------------------------------
   makes this clear.

   However without the Rashi I might have thought that SURROUND
   is a SYNONYM for SETTINGS and that the idea of SETTINGS is
   repeated. That is the verse could have been translated
   ------------------------------
   SURROUNDED stones--SET stones
   ------------------------------
   in which case SURROUND and SET would mean the same thing.

   Rashi translated the verse so that SURROUND and SET were
   not synonyms but rather SuRROUND modifies the meaning
   of SET---it is a TOTALLY SURROUNDED setting.

RASHI RULE USED: FILL-INS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex28-25a

BACKGROUND
----------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain Grammar--the same
grammar we find in modern textbooks. Rashi will especially
comment on RARE CONJUGATION FORMS or on CONJUGATION FORMS
which are easily confused with other similar forms.

REFERENCES
----------
The 6 Rashi goals: http://www.Rashiyomi.Com/rules-01.htm
Rashis on grammar: http://www.RashiYomi.com/grammar.htm

THE TEXT
--------
Ex25-28a Make carrying poles for the table which WILL BE
CARRIED BY THEM

THE RASHI
---------
The Hebrew VeNiSaH VaM is conjugated in the PASSIVE
MODE and means the table WILL BE CARRIED BY THE POLES

THE LIST
--------
Because the root Nun-Sin-Hey begins with NUN, therefore
the PASSIVE FORM is CONFUSED with the ACTIVE form. The
list below shows a collection of verb conjugations with
THE SAME PUNCTUATION as VENISAH. Some of these verbs
are in the PASSIVE while some are in the ACTIVE. Still
others are in the INTENSIVE or CAUSATIVE mode.

In summary: The punctuation VeNiSaH can refer to any of
a variety of modes depending on the root.

The list below was compiled with the help of Alfred
Silbermans Grammatical Form Konkordance, FORMS 330 and 2937
I bring special attention to Lam03-41 vs 2S19-43. Both of
these have the same spelling NISAH: Yet one is ACTIVE while
the other is PASSIVE. Also see Gn22-01 which has an INTENSIVE
CONJUGATION with an almost identical spelling

RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex28-01a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex28-01a Ex28-03a Ex28-05a


RASHI RULE USED: OVERALL STRUCTURE

BACKGROUND
----------
One of Rashis main goals is to describe how the Bible implemented
such modern typographical features as BOLD, BULLETS, PARAGRAPHS

REFERENCE
---------
The 6 Rashi goals: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/rules-01.htm

THE TEXT
--------
Ex27 and Ex28 describe a variety of activities. The phrase
AND YOU occurs THRICE.

THE RASHI
---------
Rashi cleverly identifies these 3
AND YOUS as PARAGRAPH BEGINNINGS (In Modern notation we
indicate a paragraph by using white space and indentation)

The 3 paragraphs discuss 3 separate topics
- the lighting of the Candellabrah
- the consecration of the priests
- the making of the priestly garments

THE LIST
--------
The table below presents the 3 paragraphs The footnotes show
what Rashi inferred from the paragraph structure. Rashi was
also aided by OTHER VERSES as indicated in the footnotes.

*1 Rashi makes 2 comments on this paragraph Ex28-01:02
   --------------------------------------------
   Make the garments AFTER you make the Temple
   --------------------------------------------
   Rashi used here the technique of OTHER VERSES---Rashi
   infers the sequence of temple-garment construction from
   the explicit description of temple construction in Ex35
   thru Ex40*10

   Rashis second comment is
   --------------------------------------------
   You CONSECRATE the priests by the act of
   ROBING them in the priestly garments
   --------------------------------------------
   Rashi inferred this identification of CONSECRATION with
   ROBING from the PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE which explicitly
   LINKS priestly consecration (Ex28-01) with the robing
   of garments (Ex28-02)*11


*2 This new paragraph AND YOU SPEAK TO ARTISANS TO MAKE GARMENTS
   switches the focus to the artisans.

   This new paragraph actually lasts FROM Ex28-03 to Ex28-43
   Hence Rashi interprets every THEY in these verses to refer
   to the artisans.*12

*10 A glance at Ex35 thru Ex40 shows the following sequence
    It is clear that the PRIESTLY GARMENTS were made AfTER
    the TEMPLE
   -----------------------------------------------------
   VERSE     WHAT ITEM WAS MADE
   -------   ------------------
   Ex36-08   Temple tent
   Ex36-20   Temple support beams
   Ex37-01   Temple Ark
   Ex37-10   Temple table
   Ex37-17   Temple Candellabrah
   Ex37-25   Temple Golden altar
   Ex38-01   Temple copper altar
   Ex38-08   Temple washbins
   Ex38-09   Temple courtyard
   -------   ------------------------------------------
   Ex39-02   Priestly Ayfod
   Ex39-08   Priestly Choshen
   Ex39-22   Priestly robe
   Ex39-27   Priestly pants
   Ex39-30   Priestly Temple band
   Ex29-32   Everything was then completed
   ------------------------------------------------------

*11 Here is Paragraph Ex28-01:02. As indicated above
    the paragraph is marked off by the words AND YOU
    ------------------------------------------------
    Bring the priests and Consecrate them
    Make garments for them
    -------------------------------------------------

    Ex28-01:02 describes the COMMAND to consecrate the
    priests. This command was FINALIZED   in Ex40-12:15
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Bring Aaron and his sons near to the temple
    Wash   them in water
    DRESS   them with holy clothese
    ANNOINT   them
    And they will become Priests for me
    ---------------------------------------------------

    Thus we see twice an explicit linking of
    - consecration of the priests
    - with robing them in priestly garments

    That is, the METHOD of consecration was by robing them

*12 As a simple example Ex28-05a reads
    -------------------------------------
    And THEY will take the Gold purple...
    -------------------------------------
    I could eg interpret this to apply to the Jews who donated
    the Gold. However since the Bible went out of its way to
    indicate that the focus of the paragraph is on the ARTISANS
    therefore Rashi explains this verse as follows

    -------------------------------------------------
    THEY, The artisans, take the gold purple etc
    FROM THOSE who donated it
    -------------------------------------------------

RASHI RULE USED: OVERALL STRUCTURE

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#



          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest

#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#