Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas

               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 14 Number 10
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h14n10.htm

                     Produced June 13th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOKWe are embarking on a Rashi Workbook Project*1
QUESTIONS5 keywords indicate questions(Nu16-11a)
Q & ASometimes Rashis ANSWER comes BEFORE the QUESTION*2
COMMENTS

*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.

*2 I refer to the method of OTHER VERSES. In this method
   Rashi does NOT derive inferences from ODDITIES in the
   verses. Rather uses explicit information from other
   verses to explain possible nuances in a given Biblical
   verse


Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Nu16-11aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Ex08-22aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Gn30-15aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Gn04-13aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Nu04-13aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Gn11-06cGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Gn30-15bGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Ex23-05aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Gn50-19aGRAMMARrQUESTIONS: How do you recognize them?
Nu16-03bEXAMPLE4Jews are HOLY == They SAW God at Sinai
Nu16-03cEXAMPLE4Jews are HOLY == They SAW God at Sinai
Nu16-09aOTHER VERSESLevites had 2 functions:SERVICE/SONG
----------------------------------------------------------------


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu16-11a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu16-11a Ex08-22a Gn30-15a Gn04-13a
                Nu04-13a Gn11-06c Gn30-15b Ex23-05a Gn50-19a

HEBREW QUESTION KEYWORDS


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Nu16-09:11 consists of 4 questions
-- Isnt it enough that you were chosen as Levites serving God?
-- You also seek PRIESTHOOD [?]
-- Therefore (because of lack of PRIESTHOOD) you fight God[?]
-- WHO is Aaron that you complain on him?
There are HEBREW QUESTION KEYWORDS showing that the first
and last sentences are questions. Rashis contribution is to
emphasize that the middle two sentences are also questions. They
are marked with brackets [?]. To understand Rashi we identify
5 HEBREW KEYWORDS that indicate a sentence is a QUESTION


-------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:    GRAMMAR
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: THE SENTENCE
-------------------------------------------

BRIED DESCRIPTION OF RULE and SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
Most people are familiar with the concept of GRAMMAR. It is
GRAMMAR that tells you how to conjugate verbs, how to place
subject-verb-object into a sentence etc. There are many
popular books on Hebrew grammar.

Most people know that to make a sentence into a question you
place the Hebrew letter HEY before the sentence.

Rashi in fact uncovers not one but 5 QUESTION KEYWORDS
which convert a sentence to a question. They are
-- HEY
-- ISNT IT ENOUGH
-- BEHOLD
-- WHAT/WHO
-- PERHAPS
Rashi also advanced the idea that the sentences surrounding
a question may inherit the question status from the nearby
sentences.

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
The standard reference for the Rashi dictionary is the
Rashiyomi grammar page located at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/grammar.htm

The standard paper on the 6 Rashi rules is
http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm


TODAYS LISTS
------------
Below, please find two lists: The first list contains
several verses where Rashis contribution is to interpret
them as QUESTIONS vs SENTENCES. The footnote provide
further detail. The second list summarizes the 5 QUESTION
KEYWORDS with sample verses.
VERSEQUESTION KEYWORDTEXT OF VERSE WITH QUESTION
Nu16-11aISNT IT ENOUGH*1You want priesthood?This is the fight?
Gn30-15aISNT IT ENOUGH*2You take my mandrakes?
Ex08-22aBEHOLD..NOT*3BEHOLD we offer lambs-wont they killus
Gn04-13aBEHOLD*4My sin is to big to bear?
Gn11-06cBEHOLD..NOT*5They wont build the tower?
Ex23-05aPERHAPS*6Perhaps you see & dont help?
Gn50-19aPERHAPS*7Perhaps you think I think I-am God
COMMENTS

*1 ISNT IT ENOUGH YOU ARE LEVITES
   You seek Priesthood also?
   Therefore you are congregating on God?
   WHAT has Aaron done that you should complain against him

*2 ISNT IT ENOUGH YOU TOOK MY HUSBAND?
   You are going to take my sons mandrakes also?

*3 BEHOLD WE OFFER THE deity OF EGYPT--the LAMB--in Egypt?
   They will not stone us?

*4 My sin is to big to bear?
   BEHOLD YOU HAVE BANISHED ME..ANYONE FINDING ME WILL KILL ME

*5 BEHOLD THEY ARE ONE NATION & ARE BUILDING A TOWER (OF BABEL)
   Nothing will stop them?

*6 PERHAPS YOU WILL SEE SOMEONES DONKEY OVERBURDENED...
   and you wont help them?*10

*7 PERHAPS YOU THINK I THINK I AM GOD*10

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Since the Hebrew word KI has 7 meanings we can inquire
    if there is some way of recognizing when KI means PERHAPS

    The answer seems to be that if the verse in question
    -- has a contradiction
    -- indicates a question
    then the word KI should be interested as PERHAPS

    Let us use this principle to examine the two verses
    above.

    Ex23-05 states
    ------------------------------------------------
    KI you see the donkey of your enemy overburdened
    and you will abstain from helping him
    you should help him
    ------------------------------------------------

    Notice the contradiction (DONT HELP vs HELP) this
    suggests that the sentence is rhetorical
    -------------------------------------------------------
    WHEN you see an overburdened donkey YOU WONT HELP HIM?
    -------------------------------------------------------

    This in turn justifies interpreting KI as PERHAPS
    -------------------------------------------------------
    PERHAPS you see an overburdened donkey YOU WONT HELP HIM?
    -------------------------------------------------------

    The next verse is Gn50-19a. In addition to haveing the
    Hebrew word KI it also has the hebrew letter HEY which
    indicates a question. These TWO factors---KI + HEY--
    justifies translating the KI as PERHAPS



QUESTION KEYWORDS


This is a summary of the 5 keywords indicating questions
VERSEQUESTION KEYWORDTEXT OF VERSE WITH QUESTION
Nu16-11aISNT IT ENOUGH*1You want priesthood also?
Ex08-22aBEHOLD..NOTBEHOLD we offer lambs-wont they killus
Ex23-05aPERHAPS*2Perhaps you see & dont help?
Nu16-11WHAT/WHO(MAH)WHO is Aaron that you should complain?
Gn03-11Hebrew HEYHAVE You eaten from Tree of Knowledge?
COMMENTS

*1 The whole text is as follows
   --------------------------------
   Isnt it enough you are levites?
   You want priesthood?
   This is what you fight about?
   --------------------------------

*2 As indicated in the long footnote above to justify translating
   the Hebrew KI as PERHAPS the verse must have
   -- a contradiction indicating a rhetorical nature
   -- the Hebrew HEY indicating a question


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu16-03b

RASHIS COVERED: Nu16-03b Nu16-03c

GENERAL-DETAIL STYLE


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY:
-------------------
In Nu16-03 Korach argues against Moses rule as follows
- All Jews are HOLY
- They have had PROPHETIC REVLELATION (At the 10 commandments)
- So why then do you rule over us
Note the capped words: HOLY and PROPHETIC REVELATION.
The word HOLY is a GENERAL NON-SPECIFIC VAGUE TERM
The phrase PROPHETIC REVELATION is SPECIFIC and DETAILED.
Thus the above verse uses the GENERAL-DETAIL style. Korach
argued that the Jews were HOLY ENOUGH TO HAVE HEARD THE 10
COMMANDMENTS and hence Moses had no justification in ruling!

------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       THE RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE RULES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    GENERAL-DETAIL STYLE
------------------------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE AND SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
Some Rashis deal with GRAMMAR or MEANING. But other Rashis
deal with STYLE. The Great Talmudic Sage Rabbi Ishmael,
laid down 3 style rule classes which divide into a dozen
or so rules.

Today we deal with the GENERAL-DETAIL style.
When using this style the verse first states something
GENERALLY and then repeats the requirement SPECIFICALLY.

The Rabbi Ishmael Style rules then demand that the verse
be interpreted STRICTLY as applying to ONLY THE DETAILS
This requirement of STRICT interpretation is not because
of grammar or meaning or even because some word in the
verse is extra: Rather, it is a requirement of style.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
The simplest example I could find occurs at Nu05-12
-----------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL:         When a woman DESCECRATES her marriage
DETAIL:          [by] committing ADULTERY
-----------------------------------------------------------

STUDENT EXERCISES:
-----------------
-- Suppose you didnt want to interpert the verse strictly?
How could you interpret the verse BROADLY? (The answer to
this question facilitates understanding what not to do)

-- How would you apply the Rabbi Ishmael requirement
of STRICT INTERPRETATION to Nu05-12



RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
-- WE FIRST SHOW HOW TO INTERPRET THE CHAPTER BROADLY
The chapter if not interpreted strictly COULD refer
to a woman who descecrates her marriage by (a) insulting
her husband in public or (b) flirting with other men.
That is, if we werent required to interpret the chapter
strictly we COULD HAVE required the suspected-woman
ceremony to ANY descecration of marriage.

-- WE NEXT SHOW HOW TO  INTERPRET THE CHAPTER STRICTLY
The above chapter (Nu05) dealing with the Suspected
woman ceremony ONLY APPLIES IF THE WOMAN WAS SUSPECTED
OF COMMITTING ADULTERY. For example if the woman descecrated
her marriage by insulting her husband or flirting with other
men there is no justification for performing the suspected
woman ceremony. IN other words Nu05-12 is interpreted STRICTLY

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example4.htm

You can also revu the whole Rabbi Ishmael style
series at http://www.RashiYomi.com/ishmael.htm

Finally you can visit the Daily Rashi calendar at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm The Rabbi Ishmael
series occured during August and September 2000.

To related documents on the GENERAL-DETAIL style are
http://www.RashiYomi.com/example5.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example6.htm


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the verses with
the general-specific-general style
and ask the students to perform the
2 student exercises listed above.

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.

TODAYS LIST
--------------
Please find below examples of verses in the GENERAL-DETAIL
form taken from http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example4.htm.
The GENERAL term is CAPPED in the 2nd column---the STRICT
INTERPRETATION of this general term is CAPPED in the 3rd column
VERSEGENERAL PHRASEDETAIL PHRASE
Nu05-12dA women DESCECRATES her marriageBy doing ADULTERY
Nu16-03bThe Jews are HOLYThey SAW God at Sinai
Nu03-06aLevites SERVE AaronBy WATCHING temple
Dt02-04aWATCH yourself when meeting EsauvDont START WAR
Gn09-11aI will make a CONVENANTI wont DESTROY world
Dt06-06aLOVE the Lord thy GodBy LEARNING Torah


RASHI RULED USED: EXAMPLE4

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu16-09a

OTHER VERSES: MORE DETAILS


---------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:     OTHER VERSES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:  FURTHER DETAILS
---------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RULE and SUBRULE
-----------------------------------------
The rule of OTHER VERSES simply means that Rashi
is explaining one verse by citing an OTHER VERSE

One way of doing this is to cross reference a
verse that speaks about the SAME topic but gives
FURTHER details.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
The following example comes from the Passover
Hagaddah

Dt26-05 states that
-------------------------------
With only a FEW PEOPLE did the
Jews go down to Egypt
-------------------------------

FURTHER DETAILS on the meaning of
the Biblical phrase FEW PEOPLE is
provided in Gn46.

EXERCISE:
---------
Before reading the Rashi try reading
Gn46 yourself and see if you can
discover the further details.

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Rashi cites Gn46-27
-----------------------------
The total number of people who
came with Jacob to Egypt is 70
-----------------------------

Thus the Rashi method of OTHER VERSES
in this case has explained to us that
the FEW PEOPLE that went down to
Egypt refers to SEVENTY people


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/other-20.htm

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how, if you are a teacher then you
can present the verse in the first column
(eg Dt26-05) and the CHAPTER (but not the verse)
in the 3rd column---e.g. Gn46.

The student is then instructed to discover
the further details. The students solution
can then be compared with Rashis.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
We bring Nu16-09a which speaks about the LEVITES SERVING
and STANDING. Skillful use of an other verse 1C23-27:32
shows that the Levites had two types of functions: Temple
service (Like slaughtering animals) and SINGING SONGS
OF PRAISE. The other examples come from the RashiYomi series.
VERSETEXT OF VERSEOTHER VRSEDETAILS
Nu16-09aLevites have 2 functions1C23-27:32Song & Service*1
Nu04-47aLevites have 2 functions1C23-27:32Song & Service*1
Nu04-47bLevites have 2 functions1C23-27:32Song & Service*1
Lv13-46aExpel lepor from CAMPDt24-09Leprosy-slander*2
Lv14-03aExpel lepers from CAMPLv13-46From all 3camps
Lv13-46bExpel lepers from CAMPLv13-46From all 3camps
Nu05-02bExpel impure from CAMPEx13-19impure to dead
Lv01-12athe THANK YOU OFFERINGPs127-014specific cases
Lv01-05aSlaughter Sacrifice2Chr30-17A Levite Can
Ex17-10bChur1Ch2-18:19Kalevs son
Ex35-30aChur1Ch2-18:19Kalevs son
Ex24-14cChur1Ch2-18:19Kalevs son
Dt26-05dA FEW Jews came to EgyptGn46-2770 people came
Gn21-23bI treated you NICELYGn20-15I gave you LAND
Dt25-13bDont have big STONESLv19-36Big STONE WEIGHTS
Gn26-05ebecause ABRAHAM OBEYEDGn22-18He offered Isaac
Lv10-03aRligious death snctifiesEx29-43*8Justice Emphasis
COMMENTS

*1 For an almost identical Rashi comment see
   http://www.Rashiyomi.com/nu04-47a.htm

   In both Nu04-47a and Nu16-09a the verse contains two clauses
   --(Nu16-09) To SERVE          &     To STAND
   --(Nu04-47a)To BEAR           &     To SERVE

   The repeated phrase by itself might not mean anything
   particular (Perhaps it is a Biblical idiom).

   That is Rashi was not inferring nuances from the extra phrases
   Rather Rashi was inferring nuances from OTHER VERSES such as
   1C23-27:32 which explicitly lists two types of Levite service
   -- Singing songs of praise to God
   -- Helping with Temple activities
      (like slaughtering sacrifices)

   Some other relevant verses are 1Ch15 and 1Ch16 or 1C06-17
   which shows that the singing of praises by the Levites is
   called a SERVICE

*2 It would be best to cite both verses Dt24-08:09
   which form 1 Biblical paragraph
   -----------------------------------------------------
   Carefully observe the laws of leprosy as the priests
   direct you.  Remember what God did to Miriam on your
   journey from Egypt
   -----------------------------------------------------

   The fact that one Biblical paragraph cites BOTH
   Leprosy and Miriam who sinned by slandering Moses
   easily suggests that Leprosy is a punishment for
   the sin of slander. (Other Biblical impurities
   however, like childbirth, are not considered
   punishments)

   Using this other verse we understand why the
   Lepor is isolated and expelled from all 3 camps
   To cites Rashis own language
   ---------------------------------------------
   This lepor slandered people and broke up marriages
   Just as he isolated husbands and wives so is
   he made isolated (So he should know what it feels
   like and repent)
   ---------------------------------------------


RASHI RULE USED: OTHER VERSES

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#