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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 14 Number 4
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h14n4.htm

                     Produced May 25th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOKWe are embarking on a Rashi Workbook Project*1
RASHBAUM ASKSWhy does Rashi interpret TANIM in 2 different ways
COMING SOONHope to finalize Hebrew verse links over weekend
COMMENTS

*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.



Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Nu05-10aBULLETSBible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift
Nu05-10bBULLETSBible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift
Nu05-10cBULLETSBible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift
Dt32-33aWORD MEANINGSTANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale..
Dt32-33bWORD MEANINGSTANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale..
Gn01-21aWORD MEANINGSTANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale..
Ex07-10aWORD MEANINGSTANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale..
----------------------------------------------------------------



#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu05-10a

RASHIS COVERED: Nu05-10a Nu05-10b Nu05-10c

RIGHTS IN PRIESTLY GIFTS


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Nu05-08:10 reads as follows
--The theft guilt offering                TO THE PRIEST
--The RAISINGS from offerings             TO THE PRIEST
--The [Distribution rights of] sacrifices TO THE OWNER
--The [Ownership]                         TO THE PRIEST
The repeating keyword TO acts the same way a Bullet functions
in English. It creates cohesive unity & clarity in the paragraph
The last two verse clauses are interpreted using Rabbi Ishmaels
contradictory verse method: Each contradictory verse is assigned
a different modality or aspect(DISTRIBUTION RIGHT vs OWNERSHIP)


------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:   TYPING TECHNIQUES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:BULLETS
------------------------------------------------------

BRIED DESCRIPTION OF RULE and SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
A modern typist has a rich variety of techniques to
indicate emphasis. Among these techniques are such
methods as
- BOLD, ITALICS, UNDERLINES
- PARAGRAPHS
- BULLETING
- TABLES

The Bible did not implement these typing techniques
the same way modern typists do. Instead the Bible had
special methods of indicating these techniques.

The Bible implemented a BULLET STRUCTURE by using a
REPEATED KEYWORD

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Todays verse serves as a good example.

Lv16-32a
--------------------------------------------------------
The priest, WHO is annointed & WHOse hands are consecrated,
....will perform these day of atonement procedures
--------------------------------------------------------

EXERCISE
--------
Notice the repeated keyword. Here is the exercise.
Rewrite this verse in modern BULLET notation using
either bullets or else the repeated keyword. The
solution is immediately presented below.


RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Lv16-32a (Bullet style using repeated words)
---------------------------------------------------
The priest
-- WHO is annointed
-- WHO is dressed in the 8 priestly garments
will perform these day of atonement procedures
---------------------------------------------------

Lv16-32a (Bullet style using bullets)
---------------------------------------------------
The priest
* (if) annointed
* (if) donned with the 8 priestly garments
will perform these day of atonement procedures
---------------------------------------------------

The bullets create an atmosphere of emphasis. TWO
points are being emphasized. Without the bullets I
would assume the Torah is using a conversational style:
I would assume they are talking about THE PRIEST WHO
WAS CONSECRATED BY ANNOINTMENT.

Since the bullets emphasize TWONESS we conclude that
the day of atonement procedures can be performed by
either a high priest that was annointed or else by
a high priest who was consecrated by being dressed
in the 8 garments *1

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm (See the last 2 pages)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/database.htm (See Section 9)

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how: If you are a teacher then you
can present the verses and then ask the students to
do 3 things
-- find the repeated keyword (for example WHO)
-- rewrite the verse in BULLET form
-- try and guess what the bullets emphasize
The student can then compare their answers with Rashis.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
The bullet structure of todays verse is repeated below
in table form. Footnotes further clarify.
VERSESACRIFICE DISCUSSEDBULLETED PHRASE
Nu05-08The guilt offering to GodTO the PRIESTS*1
Nu05-09All raisings from sacrificesTO the PRIESTS*2
Nu05-10Each persons sacrificesTO him*3
Nu05-10what he gives to the PriestTO him*3
COMMENTS

*1 This chapter speaks about a theft from a convert who died
   leaving no inheritors. The law requires that
   - the thief offer a guilt offering
   - pay (to the priests) the theft amount(with a 25% fine)

   This verse calls the returned money (and fine) the GUILT
   OFFERING. This Rashi is NOT the topic of this posting but
   is dealt with elsewhere (by means of ALIGNMENT). We bring
   this verse here because it is in the sequence of bullets

*2 Again this verse is not the main topic here and will be
   dealt with elsewhere.  The simple meaning refers to
   any object that is RAISED from a sacrifice....one such
   example is the RAISED THIGH OF THE PEACE OFFERING
   which belongs to the Priest (Lv07-32) Rashi gives additional
   explanations which we will explain in another posting

*3 This verse is best understood using the Rabbi
   Ishmael method of Contradictory verses.
   Here the contradictions arise
   from the two verse halves
   --------------------------------------
   Every persons sacrifices BELONG to HIM
   what he gives the priest BELONG to HIM
   --------------------------------------

   The Rabbi Ishmael series is presented at
   http://www.RashiYomi.com/ri-14.htm

   We outlined 5 methods of resolution one of which is
   a resolution by interpreting verses with different
   modalities. Here are some examples

   EXAMPLE 1 (Dt16-08 vs Ex12-15)
   ---------
   [You MUST] eat matzoh on at least 1 of the 7 days of Passover
   [You MAY ] eat matzoh on                   6 days of Passover

   EXMAPLE 2 (Dt15-09 vs Dt24-15)
   ---------
   The unpaid worker [NEED] NOT pray to God against his boss
   The unpaid worker [MAY]      pray to God against his boss

   EXAMPLE 3
   ---------
   [The DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS] of sacrifices belong to the OWNER
   [The OWNERSHIP] of sacrifice gifts belong to the PRIEST

   All these contradictory verse pairs are resolved by
   perceiving the two verses as talking about TWO DIFFERENT
   STATUSES (MUST-MAY, NEED-MAY, DISTRIBUTION-OWNERSHIP).

   Rashi appears to give a different interpretation but
   this is based on a classic printing fallacy in Rashi
   See footnote *10
LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi appears to offer a different intepretation. This
    alternate interpretation is based on a classic error in
    Reading Rashi. Here is the literal reading of Rashi
    Rashi had just given the above interpretation in footnote #3
    Rashi now states

    ---------------------------------------------------
    BIBLE TEXT: A PERSONS SACRIFICES BELONG TO HIM
    (Rashi)The simple meaning of the text is that
    PEOPLE OWN DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS but PRIESTS
    OWN CONSUMPTION RIGHTS.

    This difficult verse has also given rise to many
    novel midrashic interpretations. For example
    The verse can be read
    ------------------------------
    A person who keeps his sacrifices
    WILL HAVE TO HIM (1/10 of ordinary produce
    ------------------------------

    BIBLE TEXT: BUT A PERSON WHO GIVES TO THE PRIEST
    (Rashi) The appropriate presents

    BIBLE TEXT: WILL BELONG TO HIM
    (Rashi) Will belong to him much riches
    ----------------------------------------------------

    Thus there appear to be THREE RASHIS above.

    This however is based on a classic printing fallacy.
    Very often the printer CAPPED/BOLDED any Biblical
    text and made it appear as a BIBLE-RASHI comment
    pair.

    I would humbly suggest WITHOUT ADDING/SUBTRACTING
    words that the above 3 Rashis are really one

    Here is the way it would read

    ---------------------------------------------------
    BIBLE TEXT: A PERSONS SACRIFICES BELONG TO HIM
    (Rashi)The simple meaning of the text is that
    PEOPLE OWN DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS but PRIESTS
    OWN CONSUMPTION RIGHTS.

    This difficult verse has also given rise to many
    novel midrashic interpretations. For example
    The verse can be read
    ------------------------------
    A person who keeps his sacrifices
    WILL HAVE TO HIM (1/10 of ordinary produce)
    BUT A PERSON WHO GIVES TO THE PRIEST
    (The appropriate presents)
    WILL BELONG TO HIM (much riches)
    ----------------------------------------------------

    In other words THIS IS ONE LONG COMMENT BY RASHI
    OF AN ALTERNATE INTERPRETATION---It is NOT how
    Rashi thought the verse should be translated.



RASHI RULE USED: BULLETS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Dt32-33a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt32-33a Dt32-33b Gn01-21a Ex07-10a

TANIM means LONG SLENDER ANIMAL


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY:
-------------------
The Hebrew root TANIM occurs only about 2 dozen times in the
Bible. The TANIM is a type of LIVING CREATURE. To determine
its meanings we examine the lists of verses where it occurs
From these verses we see that TANIM refers to SNAKES,
WATER ANIMALS, ANIMALS THAT NURSE, ANIMALS KNOWN FOR THEIR
SWALLOWING. It would thus appear that TANIM can refer to
SNAKES, CROCODILES, & WHALES. The common denominator is ANY
LONG SLENDER LIVING BEING---this is also hinted at by RADACK
in his book ROOTS. Similarly Rashi interprets each verse
consistent the context.

----------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    ALL ASPECTS
----------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Rashi has 6 main goals in his commentary. One of these
goals was to simply explain the meaning of words the
same way a dictionary explains the meaning of words.

In explaining the meanings of words Rashi might
-- explain an unknown word
-- explain the differences in nuances between 2 synonyms
-- explain the meaning of a whole phrase
-- explain a unifying feature of one root with several meanings

In doing the above Rashi had recourse to use
-- 13 different methods of inferring meaning
-- 8 different methods of naming objects

Thus the reader of Rashi can adopt
-- an elementary stance--just find out the meaning
-- an advanced stance----discover how meaning is inferred

We suffice in this brief introduction of providing
-- the main 2 methods of inferring meaning(ROOTS,OTHER VERSES)
-- resources for the more advanced student

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Perhaps the easiest example is to infer meaning from
context. Thus Dt28-27 states

------------------------------------
God will strike with EGYPTIAN BOILS
hemmorhoids psoraisis(GARAV CHARES)
that cannot be cured
------------------------------------

NOTE: Throughout this posting I speak about BOILS & PSORAISIS.
But this is to specific. I actually mean ANY SKIN disease which
resembles these. Thus BOILS could also refer to CARBUNCLES and
PSORAISIS could also refer to ECZEMA etc. In other words I refer
to CLASSES of SKIN DISEASES. However to avoid the long winded
phrase PSORAISIS-LIKE DISEASES I will simply suffice with
the term PSORAISIS

STUDENT EXERCISES
-----------------
Suppose you didnt know the meaning of GARAV & CHARES
-- What would you GENERALLY infer from the context
-- What specific DETAILS could you infer
-- Could you apply this to Lv21-20
-- Could you infer more details from Ex09-09

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
GENERALLY: I could infer that GARAV & CHARES are
diseases. Indeed it speaks about God STRIKING
and there being NO CURE

DETAILS: You can infer that this was an INCURABLE
disease (because the verse says THAT CANT BE CURED)

APPLICATION: Since Lv21-20 also speaks about GARAV
and YALEFETH I would assume that BOTH Garav and
YALEFETH are diseases.

FURTHER DETAILS: Ex09-09 speaks about Egyptian Boils
The verses states that the BOILS SPROUTED WITH FLOWS.
I  therefore infer that these BOILS were PUSSY on
the outside.

The above solutions were not just Rashis. They are
brought down in the Talmud (Becoroth 41). This shows
that this type of analysis far from being mundane
and routine is classified as TALMUDIC ANALYSIS. It is
therefore worthy of study of any person.

Although Rashi explanations are sometimes approached from
the point of view of authority, in relation to word meanings
it is useful to use logic. Indeed modern research shows that
50% of our vocabulary arises, not from being TAUGHT A MEANING,
but rather from INFERRING a meaning from context. It is
therefore a proper procedure to use in studying the Bible.

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
A short reference for the 6 Rashi rules may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm

A summary of Rashi explanations of words may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm

A summary of the 13 methods of inferring meaning occur at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/means-32.htm

A summary of the 8 methods of naming items occurs at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can use the above resources
to gather (a) related verses and (b) related
roots. You can then have the studnets analyze
these verses. The students should perform the
4 exercises listed above on the verses presented

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.

TODAYS LIST
-----------
We present several verses mentioning TANIN but give
different characteristics.*10
VERSETANIN meansVERSE-2CHARACTERISTICS OF TANIN MENTIONED
Gn01-21Big FishGn01-20Swarming in SEAS
Ex07-10snakeEx07-15The stick that became a SNAKE
Lam04-03Whales?Lam04-03The Whales NURSE their young
Jr51-34Crockodile?Jr51-34SWALLOWS like a CROCKODILE
Isa27-01LeviathanIsa27-01Straight & Crooked Snake*2
COMMENTS


*1 cf Ps74-13 God Broke the heads of the crockodiles (viscious
   enemies) on the waters or

   Ez29-03 God will be on you Pharoh, the GREAT CROCKODILE
   that RESTS on waters.

   Crockodiles are known for their strong jaws; they also
   are known for resting on waters for their prey with their
   heads above the waters.

*2 This verse refers to TANIM, STRAIGHT SNAKE and
   CROOKED SNAKE. Thus this verse would justify translating
   TANIM as ANY LONG SLENDER OBJECT.

   Radack makes a similar comment in his book ROOTS.*10

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Some acknowledgements are in order here
    - We restarted my Shomrey Emunah Rashi class.
      The above question on TANIN was asked Harry Rashbaum

    - In formulating an answer I benefitted from Radack.
      Radack does mention the LONG SLENDER hypothesis.
      Radack ALSO gives additional details (Eg TANIN means
      SNAKE on LANG but BIG FISH IN WATER).

    - I have left these further details out. In doing so
      I was motivated by the insights of an Anonymous
      dermatologist at Shomrey who suggested that a way
      out of many Torah-Biological contradictions was
      to assume that the Torah was not being that specific

      In other words, science tends to define individual
      species while the Torah is perceived as only
      describing a general form.

   - My Shomrey Emunah class will further analyze this
     in coming weeks. More insights will be posted as
     email questions.

   - Finally I should translated, in light of the above
     list Dt32-33

     ---------------------------------------------
     Their (punishment) wine is made of snake venom,
     --- the poison of cruel snakes
     ---------------------------------------------



RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#