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Surfing the Talmudic Seas
(C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel
Volume 14 Number 4
For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
-----------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h14n4.htm
Produced May 25th, 2002
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE |
` Whats new and hot in this issue? |
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE |
WORKBOOK | We are embarking on a Rashi Workbook Project*1 |
RASHBAUM ASKS | Why does Rashi interpret TANIM in 2 different ways |
COMING SOON | Hope to finalize Hebrew verse links over weekend |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
schools or home-schooling situations.
|
Rashis covered in this issue |
|
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION |
======== | =============== | ======================================= |
Nu05-10a | BULLETS | Bible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift |
Nu05-10b | BULLETS | Bible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift |
Nu05-10c | BULLETS | Bible lists ownership of 4Priestly gift |
Dt32-33a | WORD MEANINGS | TANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale.. |
Dt32-33b | WORD MEANINGS | TANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale.. |
Gn01-21a | WORD MEANINGS | TANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale.. |
Ex07-10a | WORD MEANINGS | TANIN=Long slender animal;Snake,Whale.. |
--------- | ---------------- | --------------------------------------- |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu05-10a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu05-10a Nu05-10b Nu05-10c
RIGHTS IN PRIESTLY GIFTS |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Nu05-08:10 reads as follows
--The theft guilt offering TO THE PRIEST
--The RAISINGS from offerings TO THE PRIEST
--The [Distribution rights of] sacrifices TO THE OWNER
--The [Ownership] TO THE PRIEST
The repeating keyword TO acts the same way a Bullet functions
in English. It creates cohesive unity & clarity in the paragraph
The last two verse clauses are interpreted using Rabbi Ishmaels
contradictory verse method: Each contradictory verse is assigned
a different modality or aspect(DISTRIBUTION RIGHT vs OWNERSHIP)
------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE: TYPING TECHNIQUES
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:BULLETS
------------------------------------------------------
BRIED DESCRIPTION OF RULE and SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
A modern typist has a rich variety of techniques to
indicate emphasis. Among these techniques are such
methods as
- BOLD, ITALICS, UNDERLINES
- PARAGRAPHS
- BULLETING
- TABLES
The Bible did not implement these typing techniques
the same way modern typists do. Instead the Bible had
special methods of indicating these techniques.
The Bible implemented a BULLET STRUCTURE by using a
REPEATED KEYWORD
STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Todays verse serves as a good example.
Lv16-32a
--------------------------------------------------------
The priest, WHO is annointed & WHOse hands are consecrated,
....will perform these day of atonement procedures
--------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE
--------
Notice the repeated keyword. Here is the exercise.
Rewrite this verse in modern BULLET notation using
either bullets or else the repeated keyword. The
solution is immediately presented below.
RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
Lv16-32a (Bullet style using repeated words)
---------------------------------------------------
The priest
-- WHO is annointed
-- WHO is dressed in the 8 priestly garments
will perform these day of atonement procedures
---------------------------------------------------
Lv16-32a (Bullet style using bullets)
---------------------------------------------------
The priest
* (if) annointed
* (if) donned with the 8 priestly garments
will perform these day of atonement procedures
---------------------------------------------------
The bullets create an atmosphere of emphasis. TWO
points are being emphasized. Without the bullets I
would assume the Torah is using a conversational style:
I would assume they are talking about THE PRIEST WHO
WAS CONSECRATED BY ANNOINTMENT.
Since the bullets emphasize TWONESS we conclude that
the day of atonement procedures can be performed by
either a high priest that was annointed or else by
a high priest who was consecrated by being dressed
in the 8 garments *1
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm (See the last 2 pages)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/database.htm (See Section 9)
HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how: If you are a teacher then you
can present the verses and then ask the students to
do 3 things
-- find the repeated keyword (for example WHO)
-- rewrite the verse in BULLET form
-- try and guess what the bullets emphasize
The student can then compare their answers with Rashis.
TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
The bullet structure of todays verse is repeated below
in table form. Footnotes further clarify.
|
VERSE | SACRIFICE DISCUSSED | BULLETED PHRASE |
Nu05-08 | The guilt offering to God | TO the PRIESTS*1 |
Nu05-09 | All raisings from sacrifices | TO the PRIESTS*2 |
Nu05-10 | Each persons sacrifices | TO him*3 |
Nu05-10 | what he gives to the Priest | TO him*3 |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 This chapter speaks about a theft from a convert who died
leaving no inheritors. The law requires that
- the thief offer a guilt offering
- pay (to the priests) the theft amount(with a 25% fine)
This verse calls the returned money (and fine) the GUILT
OFFERING. This Rashi is NOT the topic of this posting but
is dealt with elsewhere (by means of ALIGNMENT). We bring
this verse here because it is in the sequence of bullets
*2 Again this verse is not the main topic here and will be
dealt with elsewhere. The simple meaning refers to
any object that is RAISED from a sacrifice....one such
example is the RAISED THIGH OF THE PEACE OFFERING
which belongs to the Priest (Lv07-32) Rashi gives additional
explanations which we will explain in another posting
*3 This verse is best understood using the Rabbi
Ishmael method of Contradictory verses.
Here the contradictions arise
from the two verse halves
--------------------------------------
Every persons sacrifices BELONG to HIM
what he gives the priest BELONG to HIM
--------------------------------------
The Rabbi Ishmael series is presented at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/ri-14.htm
We outlined 5 methods of resolution one of which is
a resolution by interpreting verses with different
modalities. Here are some examples
EXAMPLE 1 (Dt16-08 vs Ex12-15)
---------
[You MUST] eat matzoh on at least 1 of the 7 days of Passover
[You MAY ] eat matzoh on 6 days of Passover
EXMAPLE 2 (Dt15-09 vs Dt24-15)
---------
The unpaid worker [NEED] NOT pray to God against his boss
The unpaid worker [MAY] pray to God against his boss
EXAMPLE 3
---------
[The DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS] of sacrifices belong to the OWNER
[The OWNERSHIP] of sacrifice gifts belong to the PRIEST
All these contradictory verse pairs are resolved by
perceiving the two verses as talking about TWO DIFFERENT
STATUSES (MUST-MAY, NEED-MAY, DISTRIBUTION-OWNERSHIP).
Rashi appears to give a different interpretation but
this is based on a classic printing fallacy in Rashi
See footnote *10
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 Rashi appears to offer a different intepretation. This
alternate interpretation is based on a classic error in
Reading Rashi. Here is the literal reading of Rashi
Rashi had just given the above interpretation in footnote #3
Rashi now states
---------------------------------------------------
BIBLE TEXT: A PERSONS SACRIFICES BELONG TO HIM
(Rashi)The simple meaning of the text is that
PEOPLE OWN DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS but PRIESTS
OWN CONSUMPTION RIGHTS.
This difficult verse has also given rise to many
novel midrashic interpretations. For example
The verse can be read
------------------------------
A person who keeps his sacrifices
WILL HAVE TO HIM (1/10 of ordinary produce
------------------------------
BIBLE TEXT: BUT A PERSON WHO GIVES TO THE PRIEST
(Rashi) The appropriate presents
BIBLE TEXT: WILL BELONG TO HIM
(Rashi) Will belong to him much riches
----------------------------------------------------
Thus there appear to be THREE RASHIS above.
This however is based on a classic printing fallacy.
Very often the printer CAPPED/BOLDED any Biblical
text and made it appear as a BIBLE-RASHI comment
pair.
I would humbly suggest WITHOUT ADDING/SUBTRACTING
words that the above 3 Rashis are really one
Here is the way it would read
---------------------------------------------------
BIBLE TEXT: A PERSONS SACRIFICES BELONG TO HIM
(Rashi)The simple meaning of the text is that
PEOPLE OWN DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS but PRIESTS
OWN CONSUMPTION RIGHTS.
This difficult verse has also given rise to many
novel midrashic interpretations. For example
The verse can be read
------------------------------
A person who keeps his sacrifices
WILL HAVE TO HIM (1/10 of ordinary produce)
BUT A PERSON WHO GIVES TO THE PRIEST
(The appropriate presents)
WILL BELONG TO HIM (much riches)
----------------------------------------------------
In other words THIS IS ONE LONG COMMENT BY RASHI
OF AN ALTERNATE INTERPRETATION---It is NOT how
Rashi thought the verse should be translated.
| |
RASHI RULE USED: BULLETS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt32-33a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt32-33a Dt32-33b Gn01-21a Ex07-10a
TANIM means LONG SLENDER ANIMAL |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY:
-------------------
The Hebrew root TANIM occurs only about 2 dozen times in the
Bible. The TANIM is a type of LIVING CREATURE. To determine
its meanings we examine the lists of verses where it occurs
From these verses we see that TANIM refers to SNAKES,
WATER ANIMALS, ANIMALS THAT NURSE, ANIMALS KNOWN FOR THEIR
SWALLOWING. It would thus appear that TANIM can refer to
SNAKES, CROCODILES, & WHALES. The common denominator is ANY
LONG SLENDER LIVING BEING---this is also hinted at by RADACK
in his book ROOTS. Similarly Rashi interprets each verse
consistent the context.
----------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE: WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: ALL ASPECTS
----------------------------------------
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Rashi has 6 main goals in his commentary. One of these
goals was to simply explain the meaning of words the
same way a dictionary explains the meaning of words.
In explaining the meanings of words Rashi might
-- explain an unknown word
-- explain the differences in nuances between 2 synonyms
-- explain the meaning of a whole phrase
-- explain a unifying feature of one root with several meanings
In doing the above Rashi had recourse to use
-- 13 different methods of inferring meaning
-- 8 different methods of naming objects
Thus the reader of Rashi can adopt
-- an elementary stance--just find out the meaning
-- an advanced stance----discover how meaning is inferred
We suffice in this brief introduction of providing
-- the main 2 methods of inferring meaning(ROOTS,OTHER VERSES)
-- resources for the more advanced student
STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Perhaps the easiest example is to infer meaning from
context. Thus Dt28-27 states
------------------------------------
God will strike with EGYPTIAN BOILS
hemmorhoids psoraisis(GARAV CHARES)
that cannot be cured
------------------------------------
NOTE: Throughout this posting I speak about BOILS & PSORAISIS.
But this is to specific. I actually mean ANY SKIN disease which
resembles these. Thus BOILS could also refer to CARBUNCLES and
PSORAISIS could also refer to ECZEMA etc. In other words I refer
to CLASSES of SKIN DISEASES. However to avoid the long winded
phrase PSORAISIS-LIKE DISEASES I will simply suffice with
the term PSORAISIS
STUDENT EXERCISES
-----------------
Suppose you didnt know the meaning of GARAV & CHARES
-- What would you GENERALLY infer from the context
-- What specific DETAILS could you infer
-- Could you apply this to Lv21-20
-- Could you infer more details from Ex09-09
RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
GENERALLY: I could infer that GARAV & CHARES are
diseases. Indeed it speaks about God STRIKING
and there being NO CURE
DETAILS: You can infer that this was an INCURABLE
disease (because the verse says THAT CANT BE CURED)
APPLICATION: Since Lv21-20 also speaks about GARAV
and YALEFETH I would assume that BOTH Garav and
YALEFETH are diseases.
FURTHER DETAILS: Ex09-09 speaks about Egyptian Boils
The verses states that the BOILS SPROUTED WITH FLOWS.
I therefore infer that these BOILS were PUSSY on
the outside.
The above solutions were not just Rashis. They are
brought down in the Talmud (Becoroth 41). This shows
that this type of analysis far from being mundane
and routine is classified as TALMUDIC ANALYSIS. It is
therefore worthy of study of any person.
Although Rashi explanations are sometimes approached from
the point of view of authority, in relation to word meanings
it is useful to use logic. Indeed modern research shows that
50% of our vocabulary arises, not from being TAUGHT A MEANING,
but rather from INFERRING a meaning from context. It is
therefore a proper procedure to use in studying the Bible.
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
A short reference for the 6 Rashi rules may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm
A summary of Rashi explanations of words may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm
A summary of the 13 methods of inferring meaning occur at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/means-32.htm
A summary of the 8 methods of naming items occurs at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm
HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can use the above resources
to gather (a) related verses and (b) related
roots. You can then have the studnets analyze
these verses. The students should perform the
4 exercises listed above on the verses presented
The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.
TODAYS LIST
-----------
We present several verses mentioning TANIN but give
different characteristics.*10 |
VERSE | TANIN means | VERSE-2 | CHARACTERISTICS OF TANIN MENTIONED |
Gn01-21 | Big Fish | Gn01-20 | Swarming in SEAS |
Ex07-10 | snake | Ex07-15 | The stick that became a SNAKE |
Lam04-03 | Whales? | Lam04-03 | The Whales NURSE their young |
Jr51-34 | Crockodile? | Jr51-34 | SWALLOWS like a CROCKODILE |
Isa27-01 | Leviathan | Isa27-01 | Straight & Crooked Snake*2 |
| | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 cf Ps74-13 God Broke the heads of the crockodiles (viscious
enemies) on the waters or
Ez29-03 God will be on you Pharoh, the GREAT CROCKODILE
that RESTS on waters.
Crockodiles are known for their strong jaws; they also
are known for resting on waters for their prey with their
heads above the waters.
*2 This verse refers to TANIM, STRAIGHT SNAKE and
CROOKED SNAKE. Thus this verse would justify translating
TANIM as ANY LONG SLENDER OBJECT.
Radack makes a similar comment in his book ROOTS.*10
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 Some acknowledgements are in order here
- We restarted my Shomrey Emunah Rashi class.
The above question on TANIN was asked Harry Rashbaum
- In formulating an answer I benefitted from Radack.
Radack does mention the LONG SLENDER hypothesis.
Radack ALSO gives additional details (Eg TANIN means
SNAKE on LANG but BIG FISH IN WATER).
- I have left these further details out. In doing so
I was motivated by the insights of an Anonymous
dermatologist at Shomrey who suggested that a way
out of many Torah-Biological contradictions was
to assume that the Torah was not being that specific
In other words, science tends to define individual
species while the Torah is perceived as only
describing a general form.
- My Shomrey Emunah class will further analyze this
in coming weeks. More insights will be posted as
email questions.
- Finally I should translated, in light of the above
list Dt32-33
---------------------------------------------
Their (punishment) wine is made of snake venom,
--- the poison of cruel snakes
---------------------------------------------
| |
RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President
========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
He presents 2-6 meanings of words
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
- WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
- IN (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
- TO (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
- NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
- AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)
* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
Gn18-15a Gn24-33a
* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife
* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a
===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)
* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
-(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you
* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)
================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people
* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17
* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19
* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
Gn49-04 Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do
=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
---------------------------------------
Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
while DOING ITS WORK
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
--------------------------------------------------
Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
(EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
--------------------------------------------------
Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
(EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
(GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
* The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
* The law does not apply to real-estate or slander
=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)
==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================
* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)
* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
--------------------------------------------------------
Who am I
- THAT I should go to Pharaoh
- THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
--------------------------------------------------------
RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
- Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
- Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)
* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
verses but making small minor changes
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
---------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
VERSE PHRASE #1 PHRASE #2 PHRASE #3
------- --------- --------- ------------------
Ex20-03 Dont POSSESS the gods of others
Ex20-04 Dont MAKE idols
RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
---------------------------------------------------------------
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
|
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#