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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 14 Number 5
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h14n5.htm

                     Produced May 27th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOKWe are embarking on a Rashi Workbook Project*1
NEW MEANINGSWe present 8 methods of POETIC MEANING
COMMENTS

*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.



Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Nu08-04cWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-31dWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex40-22aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex40-22bWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Lv01-11aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Nu08-04cWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-31fWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-31gWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-31hWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Lv13-03bWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex28-32aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex28-33aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex30-23aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-37aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-38aWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex25-38bWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex01-16bWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Ex28-32bWORD MEANINGSTHIGH refers to the BOTTOM of an object
Nu08-04dGRAMMAR..FROM...TO indicates an entire class
Nu08-04eGRAMMAR..FROM...TO indicates an entire class
Nu08-04fGRAMMAR..FROM...TO indicates an entire class
Nu08-04gALIGNMENT..Moses was shown the Menorah & Temple
Ex25-40aALIGNMENT..Moses was shown the Menorah & Temple
----------------------------------------------------------------



#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu08-04c

RASHIS COVERED: Nu08-04c Ex25-31d Ex40-22a Ex40-22b Lv01-11a
                Nu08-04c Ex25-31f Ex25-31g Ex25-31h Lv13-03b
                Ex28-32a Ex28-33a Ex30-23a Ex25-37a
                Ex25-38a Ex25-38b Ex01-16b Ex28-32b

THIGH means BOTTOM


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
The Bible at Nu08-04c refers to the THIGH of the Candellabrah.
Rashi simply tells us that the word THIGH can refer to the
BOTTOM, SIDE or SUPPORT of the Menorah. Similarl Rashis on the
meaning of thigh occur at Ex25-31d, Ex40-22a, Ex40-22b,
Lv01-11a where the Bible describes the THIGH of the
Candellabrah, the THIGH of the Temple and the THIGH of the Altar.
Rashi here uses the principle that WORDS can acquire new meaning
by their FORM or FUNCTION. For example the UNITED NATIONS names
an organization by its PURPOSE while PENTAGON names it by SHAPE

------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:    WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: NEW MEANINGS
------------------------------------------------------

BRIED DESCRIPTION OF RULE and SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals was to function like a dictionary
and present the meanings of words. In presenting the meanings
of words, Rashi, very often had to EXTEND a given meaning to
a new meaning. There are rules and patterns governing such
extensions. We present below 8 methods for EXTENDING MEANING
The STANDARD EXAMPLES (from English, not from Rashi) show
some simple examples of EXTENDING MEANING

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Consider the English phrases UNITED NATIONS and PENTAGON.
They are both institutions.
-- The UNITED NATIONS names an institution based on its PURPOSE
-- The PENTAGON names an institution based on its SHAPE/FORM
So we see that SHAPE and FORM are two METHODS for extending
meaning.

THE LISTS
---------
We present below 3 lists
-- We list 8 methods by which meanings can be extended
Two of these methods (FUNCTION and FORM) are mentioned above

-- We present below a list of Rashis where words extend meaning
based on function, form etc

-- Finally we present a list of Rashis dealing with
the word THIGH


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/Ex25-31a.htm
(Rashis with extended meaning)

http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm
(8 methods for naming objects)

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LIST below for school projects.
Here is how: If you are a teacher then you
can present the verses where Rashi extends meaning.
For example Rashi may state that THIGH refers to the SIDE/BOTTOM
You can then ask your students to
-- Find other examples where words name items by their FORM/SHAPE
You can then use these lists to enrich your understanding
of how language extends meaning.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
We now present the 3 lists mentioned above HEre we present
lists of words where THIGH is used.
#VERSETEXT OF VERSEMEANING
(1)Ex25-31dThe THIGH of the MenorahBOTTOM
(2)Ex40-22aOn the THIGH of the temple in the northSIDE
(3)Ex40-22bOn the THIGH of the temple in the NorthSIDE
(4)Lv01-11aOn the THIGH of the AltarSIDE
(5)Nu08-04cThe THIGH of the MenorahBOTTOM



8 METHODS FOR EXTENDING MEANING


Here is the second list
#METHOD USEDEXAMPLE
(1)The FUNCTION of the object(eg United nations),
(2)The SUBSTANCE of the object(eg the PLASTER),
(3)The CAUSE of the phenomena(eg Sunset),
(4)How the act FEELS(eg HARDship).
(5)The FORM of the object(eg Pentagon)
(6)By EXAGGERATION(eg SkyScraper)
(7)By a GOOD EXAMPLE(eg HONEY means anything SWEET
(8)By ACTIVITY-FORM(eg SURFing the web)


RASHIS ON NEW MEANINGS


Here is a list of Rashis on New meanings
METHODVERSEEXTENDED MEANING OF WORD IN CAPS
FORMEx25-31dThe THIGH of the Menorah
FORMEx40-22aOn the THIGH of the temple in the north
FORMEx40-22bOn the THIGH of the temple in the North
FORMLv01-11aOn the THIGH of the Altar
FORMNu08-04cThe THIGH of the MENORAH
FORMEx25-31fA BUD is called an elongated cup
FORMEx25-31gThe FRUIT ornament looks like a fruit
FORMEx25-31hThe FLOWER ornament has the FORM of a FLOWER
FORMLv13-03bThe color WHITE comes from CLOUD (Cloud white)
FORMEx28-32aThe MOUTH-HEAD of a garment is its NECK
FORMEx28-33aPOMEGRANATES means in the SHAPE of POMEGRANATES
FUNCTIONEx30-23aHEAD perfumes means DISTINGUISHED perfumes
FUNCTIONEx25-37aFLAME means WICK
FUNCTIONEx25-38aThe TAKERS refer to COAL prongs
FUNCTIONEx25-38b,The CANDELLABRAH CLEANERS are
SUBSTANCEEx01-16bThe STONES were a BIRTHSTOOL made of STONES
SUBSTANCEEx28-32bA DOUBLED garment means the HEM was folded over


RASHI RULE USED: NEW MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu08-04d

RASHIS COVERED: Nu08-04d Nu08-04e Nu08-04f

The FROM ...TO Style


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main tasks is to present the rules of Hebrew
Grammar. In Nu08-04d we have the phrase that the
CANDELABRAH FROM ITS THIGH TO ITS ORNAMENTS WAS SCULPTORED.
The Bible simply means that
ALL PARTS OF THE CANDELLABRAH WERE SCULPTORED
The Bible indicates the concepts of ALL PARTS by using the phrase
FROM ITS THIGH TO ITS ORNAMENTS. This FROM-TO style indicates all
extremes---the thigh was THICK while the ornaments were THIN &
nevertheless, everything, FROM thigh TO ornaments was sculptored.

------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:    GRAMMAR
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: SPECIAL PHRASES
------------------------------------------------------

BRIED DESCRIPTION OF RULE and SUBRULE
-------------------------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals was to present the rules of Hebrew
grammar. These rules can now conveniently be found in many
books.

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Rashi will very often explain the conjugation of a verb root
Such conjugations can now be found in many books.

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/grammar.htm

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
Todays example asserts that a phrase FROM...TO includes a
full spectrum of cases. A useful exercise is to ask
students with the aid of a Konkordance or CD ROM to
find other examples where this rule applies.

TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
The list below shows several examples of the FROM..TO
style as well as why it indicates the whole spectrum.
Rashi himself gives another example (Ju15-05) which
we omit.
VERSEFROM...TO TEXTWHY FULL SPECTRUM
Job2-7FROM his feet TO his headWhole body
1S15-03destroy FROM man TO womanSoldiers(MAN)&Civlians(WOMEN)
Nu08-08FROM thigh TO OrnamentTHICK(Thigh)& THIN(ornaments)
Gn06-07destroy FROM man TO beastSINNERS(Man)& OTHERS(animals)
1S17-52FROM valley TO Ekron gateMAIN CITIES &uninhabited valley


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Nu08-04g

RASHIS COVERED: Nu08-04g Ex25-40a

MOSES WAS SHOWN THE MENORAH


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Rashi at Nu04-08g simply repeats an inference he learned in
Ex25-40a. Recall that Ex25 describes the construction of
the Temple. About a dozen Temple objects are described like
the table, Candellabrah etc. The description of 3 of these
objects end with the statement IT WAS MADE AS GOD SHOWED MOSES
However the wording of this statement changes:AS GOD SHOWED MOSES
vs AS GOD IS SHOWING MOSES. These slight differences in phrasing
suggest that God showed the construction of all Temple utensils
to Moses. However the more difficult ones God showed a 2nd time
(REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.com/ex25-40a.htm)

----------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    FURTHER NUANCES
----------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.

But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.

The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances. The standard example will illustrtae this.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Recall that the Moabite King BALAK was apprehensive about
Israel journeying throught its territory. It wanted Israel
banished. It hired a professional curse-man, Bilam who would
curse the Jews. Bilam however describes his job SLIGHTLY
differently. Here are the verses.

-----------------------------------------------
BALAK: Nu22-06 I will banish Jews FROM THE LAND
BILAM: Nu22-11 ...... banish Jews -------------
-----------------------------------------------


EXERCISE
--------
To fully appreciate Rashi perform the following 2 exercises
- What is the minor difference between the aligned verses?
- What NUANCE do YOU think this implies?


RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
BALAK only wanted Jews away from his land; his goals were
political. By contrast, BILAM wanted them DESTROYED. Hence...

BALAK wanted Jews BANISHED FROM THE LAND. But Bilam wanted
them BANISHED PERIOD (That is destroyed).


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm

This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.

Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at

http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm

This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
following exercises

-- What are the minor differences between the verses
-- What nuances do they imply

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.

TODAYS LIST
-----------
We present below the 3 verses that mention that the Temple
utensils were constructed AS GOD SHOWED MOSES.
VERSEPHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
Ex25-40See & Makethe menorah in its formAS IS SHOWN TO YOU
Ex26-30ERECTthe Mishkan by BLUEPRINTAS HE SHOWED YOU
Ex27-8Makethe altarAS HE SHOWED YOU
*1*1*2
COMMENTS

*1    The erection of the Mishkan by blueprint took place AFTER
      production of the utensils. We learn this from the
      explicit statement in an OTHER VERSE (cf Ex40-01:16)

*2   The form of the other temple utensils were ALREADY SHOWN
     But the form of the Candellabrah WAS BEING SHOWN to Moses
     (Moses had difficulty understanding the form and God had
      to prophetically instruct him in it in more detail)


RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#