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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 15 Number 12
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h15n12.htm

                     Produced Sep 18th,  2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


SURVEY

We have completed 1/3 of all Rashis. Occasional feedback
is useful in improving the features of Rashi is Simple

I will display this survey for 2 weeks. It is modeled
after a Harvard study.

Responses are requested but optional

(Simply type answers and either
hit REPLY or cut,paste & send back to RJHendel@Juno.com)
QUESTION about Rashi is SimpleYOUR RESPONSE
What do you like MOST
What do you like LEAST
What is most needed to improve
------------------------------
Kindly rate each section
Use 1(Best) to 5 (Worse)
------------------------------
BRIEF RASHI EXPLANATION
TODAYS RASHI RULE
DESCRIPTION OF RULE
STANDARD EXAMPLE
USING FOR SCHOOL USE
TODAYS LIST
THE TABLE
THE NOTES
THE LONG FOOTNOTES



OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOKA workbook with all Rashi skill competencies*2
HAPPY NU YEARHAPPY NEW YEAR MESSAGE*3
REALLY?Is Rashi really Simple? (A cute punchy posting)*4
COMMENTS

*2 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.


*3 Hi. Instead of writing personally & individually
   to each of my friends, most of which are on Rashi
   is Simple, I am simply wishing you all a very....
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  Russell http://www.RashiYomi.com/
  -------------------------------------------------------------

*4 Dt33-28a Check it out! This is a must for those who
   believe that Rashi may sometimes cheat & give a little
   sermonics.


Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
===============================================================
Dt33-25aWORD MEANINGSLOCKED=SECURE:DVA means ECONOMIC FLOW
Dt33-25bWORD MEANINGSLOCKED=SECURE:DVA means ECONOMIC FLOW
Dt33-28aALIGNMENTJews are isolated but secure
Dt33-28bALIGNMENTJews are isolated but secure
Dt33-28cALIGNMENTJews are isolated but secure
Dt33-28dALIGNMENTJews are isolated but secure
-----------------------------------------------------------------


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Dt33-25a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt33-25a Dt33-25b

Dt33-25 Asher Is Strong


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
The bottom line translation of Dt33-25a is as follows:
-The LOCK (on the land of Israel)  is   iron-copper
-The FLOW (of goods with Israel)   is   as long as you live
Rashi explains that Asher, to whom this verse was addressed,
lived on the borders of Israel. Moses describes these borders
as SECURED with IRON-COPPER LOCKS. Rashis contribution here is
to give the etymology of rare poetic phrases
-- A SECURE BORDER is metaphorically called by an object with a
similar FUNCTION--a LOCK whose purpose is to block out
-- ECONOMIC FLOW(D-V-A)comes from D-V,bird DUNG,that easily flows

------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:                   WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:                INFERRING MEANING
------------------------------------------------------


BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE & SUBRULE
-----------------------------------
One of Rashis goals is to explain meaning, similar to the goal
of a dictionary that explains meaning. Rashi may have to explain
-- the meaning of unknown words
-- the meaning of poetic phrases that occur once
In the references below we describe
-- 8 methods of naming concepts
-- 13 methods of inferring meaning.
When the Bible commentaries disagree on meaning that disagreement
is frequently also a disagreement in HOW TO INFER MEANING of
HOW TO NAME ITEMS. The list of examples connected with each
meaning technique enriches our understanding.

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RASHI RULE
----------------------------------------
The RashiYomi dictionary http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm
The 8 methods of NAMING: http://www.RashiYomi.com/naming-8.htm
13 INFERENCE methods: http://www.RashiYomi.com/means-32.htm

TODAYS LISTS
------------
List 1--Rashis final interpretation. This interpretation
emphasizes CONTRAST of the 2 phrases of Dt33-25
List 2--Radack uses ALIGNMENT to explain D-V-A as STRENGTH
Radack uses PARALLEL vs CONTRASTING alignment
List 3--Rashi and Radacks father use letter interchange
to explain D-V-A as meaning OLD AGE
List 4--Review of the 3 suggested meanings of D-V-A
with an eye on how they fit into the meaning
of the whole verse
In LIST 1 below we present the bottom line translation
of the verse Dt33-25
PHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
The LOCK*1 (on land of Israel)is(as) iron-copper*2
The FLOW*3 (of goods with Israel)isas long as you live
COMMENTS

*1 Dt33-25 was spoken to the tribe of Asher whom lived on
   the border of Israel. Moses describes this border as
   SECURE like the IRON-COPPER lock of a door.

   Thus Moses uses the method of naming by FUNCTION: The
   SECURE border is called a LOCK since both the border
   and LOCK have the same FUNCTION--to keep people out.

*2 This double reference (IRON COPPER) is not further explained
   by Rashi. I would simply suggest (in lines with modern
   metallurgy) that such a substance would be both HARD
   as IRON but as FLEXIBLE as COPPER (Today we would use
   ALUMINUM that has these 2 properties of HARD/FLEXIBLE)

*3 Rashi derives the meaning of the root D-V-A from the
   root D-V. D-V refers to BIRD DUNG and D-V-A refers
   to economic flow. Both verbs have the same ACTIVITY
   FORM (A small but rapid continuous change of state)


DVA means STRENGTH

In this list we explain DVA=STRENGTH.
Such an inference comes from a PARALLEL alignment
of the verse halves. This translation (DVA=STRENGTH)
comes from the Radack in his book ROOTS It is not mentioned
by Rashi
PHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
The LOCK (on land of Israel)is(as) iron-copper
Your STRENGTH*1isas long as you live
COMMENTS

*1 In this approach the 2 verse halves are PARALLEL
   - the first half speaks about the STRENGTH of ISRAEL
   - the 2nd half speaks about the STRENGTH of the PERSON



DVA means OLD AGE

In this list we suggest DVA means OLD AGE.
This appraoch comes from Rashi & Radacks father.
In this approach the 2 verse halves are perceived
as complementary and PARALLEL
PHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
The LOCK (on land of Israel)is(as) iron-copper
Your OLD AGE*1isas your other years
COMMENTS

*1 Again, the 2 verse halves are seen as parallel
   - Your LAND is strong and secure
   - Your PERSON is strong (Even in old age)

   However in this list the ETYMOLOGY of D-V-A is from
   letter reversal. D-V-A comes from D-A-V--to groan.

   Thus we name D-V-A, OLD AGE, by the root with the
   letters reversed, D-A-V, TO GROAN. That is, we
   name OLD AGE, by HOW IT FEELS. The HOW-IT-FEELS
   method is one of the 8 methods of naming objects.

   Another common English example is the word HARDSHIP
   which comes from HARD, denoting how the HARDSHIP feels


MEANINGS OF D-V-A

We compare the 3 suggested meanings of D-V-A
Each meaning gives rise to a different ALIGNMENT method
Each meaning gives rise to a different etymology
MEANING OF D-V-AALIGNMENT METHODTHE 2 VERSE HALVES
ECONOMIC FLOWCONTRAST*1Secure border;good flow
STRENGTHPARALLEL*2LAND secure;YOU strong
OLD AGEPARALLEL*3LAND secure;YOU strong
COMMENTS

*1 The etymology would be by FUNCTION FORM. Both economic
   flow and bird dung have a smooth, small easy flow

   Other examples of naming by function form are
   - SURFing the net
   - brainSTORM

*2 This etymology would be solely based on the verse
   alignment (It is brought by Radack)

*3 This etymology would be based on letter reversals
   and based on how something feels. D-V-A would come
   from D-A-V, to groan and would denote old age by
   how it feels Both Rashi and Radack mention
   the D-A-V D-V-A connection


RASHI METHOD USED: WORD MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Dt33-28a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt33-28a Dt33-28b Dt33-28c Dt33-28d

Dt33-28 ISOLATED but SECURE


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
By using ALIGNMENT Rashi infers meaning of the 4 poetic
phrases in Dt33-28. Here is Rashis take on the verse
- The JEWS are isolated (philosophically) but secure(physically)
- ------ like the journeys of JACOB (who was isolated/secure)
- to a land of oil & wheat (Isaacs blessing)
- His heavens are torrented with dew (like ISAACS blessings )
Thus the 4 verse phrases are all saying the same thing:
- The Jews will merit the blessings of their ancestors,
Jacob and Isaac, to live by their beliefs in solitude but
yet have a secure & satisfying land.

----------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    MEANING
----------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.

But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.

The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances.

Perhaps the most obvious way of explaining these alignment
differences is to assume that we are dealing with 2 WORDS
FOR THE SAME ITEM. This example is particularly potent in
poetry as the standard example below shows.

STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Gn49-11 describes the great abundance of the Messianic era
----------------------------------------------------
They can wash       their clothes     in wine
-------------       their SUTHO       in grape-blood
----------------------------------------------------


STUDENT EXERCISES:
------------------
-- Which word pairs in the aligned verses line up
-- Based on the Rashi alignment principle how would you explain
the words you dont understand

RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
-- The words CLOTH and the Hebrew word SUTHO line up
The word WINE and the phrase GRAPE-BLOOD line up

-- Hence, we translate SUTHO as CLOTHES
-- Hence we translate GRAPE BLOOD as WINE


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm

This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.

Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at

http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm

This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
2 student exercises listed above.

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.

TODAYS LIST
-----------
We align the 4 verse phrases. We should make it clear
that Rashis contribution here is to USE THE ALIGNMENT
TO INFER MEANING.

How so? The ALIGNMENT suggests a unifying
theme--namely, that the Jews will obtain the blessings
of the patriarchs. Once this unifying theme is established
the rest of the verse falls into place.

Accordingly we present 2 lists. In the First list we
seek the unifying theme from the OBVIOUS phrases in
the verse. In the 2nd list we give the details.

This two stage approach*10 is appropriate in poetry.
Here is the first list where we review the 4 verse
phrases and only seek obvious & unifying themes
PHRASEIS ANYTHING CLEAR HERE?
Jews dwelled isolated secureNO
The eye*1 of JacobYES--reference to Jacob
on*3 a land of oil and wheatYES--clear reference to Isaac*2
Even their heavens torrent*4 dewYES--clear reference to Isaac*2
COMMENTS

*1 Actually the Hebrew root Ayin-Yud-Nun can also mean
   SIMILAR (since the EYE beholds SIMILARITY).

   However I have deliberately mistranslated the word
   so as to emphasize that I am only seeking OBVIOUS
   HINTS from the verse

*2  The references to WHEAT OIL & DEW clearly echo
    the blessing of the Patriarch Isaac
    -----------------------------------------------
    Gn27-28 May God Give you from the DEW OF HEAVEN
            and from the fatness of the earth
            a MULTITUDE OF WHEAT & OIL
    -----------------------------------------------

    Thus we use the technique of OTHER VERSES...Moses
    was clearly referring to this other verse where
    Isaac blessed Jacob using the keywords WHEAT OIL
    and DEW

    The astute reader will probably claim
   --------------------------------------------
   Surely you joke: The phrases OIL WHEAT & DEW
   occur all over the place. You have no right
   to pick JUST ONE VERSE and base on an interpretation
   on it. Surely this is the height of homily
   --------------------------------------------

   This is a typical reaction of an unlearned mind to
   Rashi--people think Rashi was presenting one opinion
   or making coincidental associations.

   But Rashi was the King of Databases. We can do a
   a simple search on the words DEW WHEAT & OIL

   Amazingly the word DEW only occurs 10 times in
   the whole Bible. Check it out: The 10 times
   are at Dt33-28 Ju06 2Sam1-21 1King17-01
   Job38-28 Song05-01 Prv03-20 Ps110-03
   Isa26-19 isa18-04

   Similarly the phrase WHEAT & OIL only occurs
   8 times in the BIble (And all of them are in
   connection with the richness of Israel).Check
   it out:  Gn27-28 Dt28-51 Dt33-28 2King18-32
   Isa36-17 Hos07-14 2King31-05 2King32-28

   So indeed the only verse which mentions  BOTH
   DEW, WHEAT & OIL would be Isaacs blessings

   Indeed Rashi-is-Simple and is King of Databases
   -Praised be Him who chose them and their learning-

*3 Rashi does not make this comment but it is obvious
   The Hebrew word EL normally means TO but can also
   mean ON. See http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm
   for examples of the multiple meanings of prepositions

*4 The translation TORRENT DEW comes from our analysis
   in http://www.RashiYomi.com/dt32-02b.htm. There we
   showed that the root Ayin-Resh-Pay has 3 meanings
   - ARF means NECK
   - ARF means TO NECK=to slaughter (cut at neck)
   - ARF means TO TORRENTIALLY DOWNPOUR since
     a neck slaughter results in a gushing of blood


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The idea of approaching meaning in 2 stages--the first
    general and intuitive and the 2nd analytic and detailed
    in mentioned by me in my article

    Peshat & Derash: A New Intuitive Analytic Approach
    TRADITION, Winter 1980

    The idea of understanding perception as happening
    in stages--first intuitive and then detaild--is
    consistent with modern neurological research on how
    the eye and brain process information (Technically
    neurology has identified 3 stages--but the intuitive-
    detailed approach is the same)



Dt33-28 The Detailed Stage


In the first list above we have established that
the 4 phrases of Dt33-28 have a clear unifying theme
of THE JEWS WILL OBTAIN THE BLESSINGS OF JACOB & ISAAC

Recall that this unifying meaning was obtained from
the clear and obvious phrases in the verse.

In this second list we use this unifying theme
to interpret the verses phrases in detail
PHRASEINTERPRET BY UNIFYING THEME
Jews dwelled isolated secureIsolated religion;secure land*1
Similar of JacobJacob was ISOLATED but SECURE*1
on a land of oil and wheatIsaacs blessing;Food security*2
Even their heavens torrent dewIsaacs blessing;Food security*2
COMMENTS

*1 The word isolated can have either GOOD or BAD connotations
   Thus LAMENTATIONS01-01:-How is Israel sitting ALONE
   where ALONE denotes a victim of disaster

   By contrast, many verses praise ISOLATION as a means
   of achieving religious inner strength. Here are some
   examples including examples from Jacob
   ----------------------------------------------
   Nu23-09 They are a nation that can dwell ALONE
   Nu23-03 & he walked ALONE(to obtain prophecy)
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Gn32-04 Jacob was ALONE(sojourned) with Laban
   Gn35-05 The journeyed ALONE & no one bothered them
   Gn32-24 Jacob wrestled ALONE with angel (& won)
   Dt26-05 Only 70 Jews came to Egypt..they became a nation
   ----------------------------------------------

   All of the above verses have a theme of STRENGTH WHILE
   ISOLATED OR SMALL (They say it in different ways) But
   the point is the same: The Jews can have an inner
   strength despite their being isolated and despite
   their small number

   The last 4 verses all refer to Jacob

*2 Isaacs blessings to Jacob occur in
    -----------------------------------------------
    Gn27-28 May God Give you from the DEW OF HEAVEN
            and from the fatness of the earth
            a MULTITUDE OF WHEAT & OIL
    -----------------------------------------------

    This verse mentions WHEAT OIL & DEW. Only a
    handful of verses in the Bible mention these
    terms and therefore this link is deliberate
    (See the preceding list for lists of verses)

    In light of the unifying theme I would say
    that the blessings of Isaac which are blessings
    of FOOD SECURITY fit into the unifying theme of
    the verse of ISOLATED BUT SECURE


RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#