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Surfing the Talmudic Seas
(C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel
Volume 15 Number 14
For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
-----------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h15n14.htm
Produced Sep 30th, 2002
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE |
Whats new and hot in this issue? |
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE |
WORKBOOK | A workbook with all Rashi skill competencies*1 |
SPREADSHEETS | We add the SPREADSHEET rule to the workbook*2 |
Radack-Rashi | Are items named by FUNCTION/SUBSTANCE?*3 |
ALIGNMENT*4 | Chapter Gn05 affords good illustration of ALIGNMENT |
No differenc | Rashi/CHazal dont always look for explanations*5 |
Statistics | A Nifty application of outlier statistical theory*6 |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
schools or home-schooling situations.
*2 See http://www.RashiYomi.com/gn05-32b.htm for a simple
calculation showing that YEFETH was the oldest
*3 See http://www.RashiYomi.com/gn05-28a.htm for a delightful
discussion on whether AVNAYIM refers to WOMB whose FUNCTION
is to produce CHILDREN (BAYN) or does it refer to the
BIRTHSTOOL which is MADE of STONE (AVEN)
*4 http://www.RashiYomi.com/gn05-32a.htm shows uniqueness in
the description of Chanochs children and Noach
*5 Surprise Surprise---There are blatant differences in
the introductions to Genealogical chapters--and yet Rashi
sees nothing special in these differences--they are
simply introductions
*6 http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn05-22a.htm shows that the age
at which Noach first gave birth was statistically peculiar
Two statistical methods of observing outliers are presented
|
Rashis covered in this issue |
|
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION |
======== | =============== | ======================================== |
Gn05-32b | SPREADSHEETS | Yefeth was oldest of Noachs children |
Gn09-24a | SPREADSHEETS | Yefeth was oldest of Noachs children |
Gn10-21b | SPREADSHEETS | Yefeth was oldest of Noachs children |
Gn05-22a | ALIGNMENT | Chanoch & Noach were different |
Gn05-32a | ALIGNMENT | Chanoch & Noach were different |
Gn05-01a | ALIGNMENT | Introduction to GENEALOGY chapters |
--------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn05-32b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn05-32b Gn09-24a Gn10-21b
NOACHS CHILDREN |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Surprisingly there are 7 verses which seem to discuss the
order of Noachs children. Most of the verses seem to say
that SHAYM was oldest. And yet CHAM who was the middle son
is called in one verse the YOUNGEST--or, does the
word used mean MOST IMMATURE(vs YOUNGEST).
One way to settle this is to use the OFFICIAL LIST OF
GENEALOGIES in chapter Gn10 which lists YEFETH first, CHAM
2nd and SHYAM 3rd. The confusion of these contradictory
approaches is also neatly solved by use of a simple spreadsheet!
The spreadsheet shows the correct order:Yefeth,Cham,Shaym!
-------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE: SPREADSHEETS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: SPREADSHEETS
-------------------------------------
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Most Rashis are straightforward application of standard
principles of meaning such as DICTIONARY MEANING OF WORDS
or GRAMMAR or even STYLE & POETRY.
However sometimes Rashi must derive an item not by the
straightforward meaning of a word but rather by
- an intricate argument
- taking several steps
- each step of which is forced and logical (Eg arithmetic)
We refer to such a long-drawn out argument with many steps
each of which is logical and forced by the name SPREADSHEET
since very often these Rashis can be compactly illustrated
by means of a step by step accounting of items as is done
in spreadsheets.
One simple example would be the citation of many verses to
infer the relative value of currencies (eg the relative
value of nickels, dimes, quarters etc). Such a derivation
is LOGICAL but COMPLICATED AND OBSCURE.
STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Todays example is about as good as any other. 7 verses
give contradictory orders to Noachs children. For example
many verses list SHAYM first implying he was oldest (or
was he the leader). However the order in the chapter of
genealogies is that SHAYM is youngest. How can we settle
this argument. Rashi uses a simple spreadsheet to show
that indeed Shaym was youngest. See the second list below
for details.
STUDENT EXERCISES:
------------------
Unlike other Rashi rules the SPREADSHEET RULE is ADVANCED.
Not every student or even leading Rabbis should expect
to be able to readily apply it.
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
Besides being advanced the SPREADSHEET rule is rare.
There are not that many examples. We list here other
verses that illustrate it. The interested reader can
always check at the RashiYomi RULE page at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/by-rule.htm (Navigate to SPREADSHEET)
Here are some good individual examples. Visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/...
----------------------------------------------------------------
ex38-24b.htm Computation of relative value of Biblical currency
nu03-39b.htm Accounting of Levite children
nu31-26a.htm Division of booty in war
gn05-32b.htm Computation of relative ages of Noachs children
----------------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
It is not recommended that beginning students be given
exercises in spreadsheets since it is an advanced rule
TODAYS LIST
-----------
We present 2 lists. In the first list below we present
7 verses and show how they MIGHT indicate contradictory
orders to Noachs children. Footnotes clarify the points.
In the 2nd list we present a simple spreadsheet solving
the problem. |
VERSE | ORDER OF NOACHS CHILDRENS AGES |
Gn10-02:32 | Yefeth Cham Shaym*1 |
----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
Gn09-24 | Cham was the YOUNGEST/MOST IMMATURE son*2 |
Gn10-21 | Shaym is the brother of the ELDER YEFETH*2 |
----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
Gn05-32 | Shaym Cham Yafeth*3 |
Gn06-10 | Shaym Cham Yafeth*3 |
Gn09-18 | Shaym Cham Yafeth*3 |
Gn10-01 | Shaym Cham Yafeth*3 |
----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 Gn10-02:32 naturally divides into 3 paragraphs
- Gn10-02:14 Yefeths children
- Gn10-15:20 Chams-- children
- Gn10-21-32 Shayms- children
This paragraph order COULD POSSIBLY correspond
to the age of the children involved
*2 In these two verses the words YOUNGEST ELDEST
(referring to PHYSICAL AGE) could EQUALLY MEAN,
IMMATUREST, MATUREST referring to SOCIAL AGE
*3 In these 4 verses we seem to have a statement
that SHAYM was oldest and YEFETH was youngest.
As we will see later the verse lists the
children by MATURITY not AGE
|
SPREADSHEET DEFENSE |
We present a simple 2 column spreadsheet below
proving that the correct interpretation is that
YEFETH is the oldest |
SOURCE | NUMERICAL STATEMENT |
Gn07-06 | Noach was 600 when the FLOOD started |
Add 2 | Noach was 602 two years after flood |
Gn11-10 | Shaym was 100 two years after flood |
Subtract | -------------------------------------------- |
------- | Noach was 502 when SHAYM was born |
Gn05-32 | Noach was 500 when he STARTED to give birth |
Conclude | -------------------------------------------- |
-------- | Shaym could NOT have been Noachs 1st son |
RASHI RULE USED: SPREADSHEETS
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn05-28a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn05-28a
B-N-H to BUILD |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to give the meaning of words the
same way a dictionary gives meaning. One method of explaining
meaning is to use the method of UNIFIED MEANINGS. The list below
presents a dozen meanings to the ROOT Beth-Nun-Hey. The unifying
theme is CONSTRUCTION and BUILDING. Hence BNH can refer to the
BUILDING of a HOUSE, a FAMILY, a SCHOOL of Students, or a FAMILY
of SUBURBS. BNH can also refer to building of a tree with many
branches; BNH can refer to the WOMB which makes children. Finally
BNH can metaphorically refer to BUILDING of personality with
ATTRIBUTES. Quite a rich root. See below for the various meanings
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/rules-01.htm The 6 Rashi goals
http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm The RashiYomi dictionary
TODAYS LIST
-----------
Here are the dozen meanings of the root Beth-Nun-Hey. The
footnotes further clarify the relation of individual meaning
and the unifying theme. |
VERSE | MEANING | TEXT OF VERSE |
Ecc09-14 | CONSTRUCT | CONSTRUCT traps on it |
1K08-13 | HOUSE*1 | I have BUILT a HOUSE for you |
--------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
Gn30-03 | FAMILY*2 | I will BUILD a FAMILY from her*3 |
Ps80-16 | TreeBRANCH | Have pity on this STRONG BRANCH*4 |
2K02-03 | STUDENTS | The STUDENT prophets |
Ex21-31 | MINOR | The same law if an ox gores a MINOR |
Ex01-16 | WOMB | Look at the WOMB; if its a boy*7 |
--------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
Ex25-09 | BLUEPRINT | The BLUEPRINT of the Tabernacle |
1S20-31 | ATTRIBUTE | He has the ATTRIBUTE of DEATH*5 |
Job41-20 | ASSOCIATED | eg ARROW & BOW; GRANARY & GRAIN*6 |
Nu32-42 | SUBURBS | Kenath and her SUBURBS |
--------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 The meanings HOUSE & FAMILY combine in verses such
as Is16-01 THE HOUSE OF BABEL or the FAMILY OF BABEL
which refers to the NATION (That which the NATION
FOUNDER BUILT up)
*2 The usual approach is that BAYN means SON
But in light of the fact that BNH refers to
building it would seem more proper to translate
BAYN as FAMILY or PRODUCING A FAMILY since there
is an emphasis, not just on the relation, but
also on the BUILDING aspect
*3 Note the double pun:
Dt25-09 Curse be he who does NOT BUILD
the HOUSE of his brother (By marrying
his childless sister-in-law & having from
her children)
*4 Compare the English FAMILY BRANCH
*5 So if you want to say that a person is KIND, WICKED
DESERVENT OF DEATH etc you can simply say that he
HAS BUILT KINDNESS, WICKEDNESS, DEATH ...INTO HIS
PERSONALITY*10
*6 Compare Isa21-10
*7 This is a delightful controversy between Rashi
and Radack. Radack interprets AVNAYIM as meaning
womb while Rashi interprets AVNAYIM as meaning
BIRTHSTOOL
- Radack interprets the word AVNAYIM by FUNCTION
The FUNCTION of the WOMB is to produce CHILDREN
- Rashi interprets the word AVNAYIM by SUBSTANCE
A birthstool is made of STONE
Thus the interpretation of this verse would be
---------------------------------------------
look at the womb/birthstool and see if the
newborn child is a boy or girl
---------------------------------------------
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 A more traditional approach translates
these verses as eg
-----------------------------------------------
He has practiced kindness so much till KINDNESS
is so to speak like his CHILD
-----------------------------------------------
However it is not necessary to use the CHILD meaning
to explain these metaphors. It is perfectly
satisfactory to simply say that
-----------------------------------------------------
The person has BUILT kindness into his person(ality)
-----------------------------------------------------
| |
RASHI RULE USED: UNIFIED MEANING
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn05-22a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn05-22a Gn05-32a
CHANOCH WAS GODLY |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Gn05 relates the genealogy of the 10 generations from Adam to
Noach. Almost every generation is described usig the same phrases
Rashi however aligns these descriptions & finds differences
----------------------------------------------------------------
- So & So gave birth; lived so many years; had children & died
- CHANOCH gave birth; WALKED WITH GOD----; had children;HE WASNT
----------------------------------------------------------------
The differences are detailed in the 2 lists below.The Bible seems
to be creating some emphasis.Rashi suggests 1 explanation:CHANOCH
was Godly so God prematurely took him to preserve his innocence
----------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE: ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: TWO CASES
----------------------------------
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.
But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.
The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances.
A nifty way of explaining the ALIGNED verses is to think
of ALIGNMENT as the vehicle that the Biblical Author uses
to indicate FOOTNOTES. That is, a modern writer might use
FOOTNOTES to indicate details; the Biblical Author instead
used REPEATED ALIGNED VERSES with DIFFERENT DETAILS.
The simplest case of ALIGNMENT is when the differences
CLEARLY and EXPLICITLY show that we are dealing with
two cases each with different details. The STANDARD
example below from the 10 commandments illustrates this
STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Perhaps the simplest example of an alignment revealing
two cases and two laws occurs in the 10 commandments.
Ex01-02:03 states
----------------------------------------------
Ex20-02 you shall NOT HAVE the gods of others
Ex20-03 you shall NOT MAKE idols
----------------------------------------------
STUDENT EXERCISES:
------------------
-- What is the SAME in the ALIGNED verses
-- What is DIFFERENT in the ALIGNED verses
-- State the 2 CASES you infer from the aligned differences
RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
- Both verses begin YOU SHALL NOT. In other words
they are negative prohibitions.
- One verse prohibits HAVING idols while the 2nd verse
prohibits MAKING idols
- THere are 2 separate idolatry prohibitions: MANUFACTURE
(even if you dont keep them) and OWNERSHIP/POSSESION
(even if you dont make them)
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm
This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.
Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm
This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.
HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
3 student exercises listed above.
The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.
TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
We ALIGN the 10 generations mentioned in Gn05. This alignment
reveals 3 peculiarities
-- We show that Chanoch was a GODLY person
-- Chanoch died PREMATURELY to preserve his innocence
-- God made Noachs children young so they shouldnt be punished
Here are the lists. This first one shows that Chanoch was Godly |
VERSE | PHRASE1 | PHRASE2 |
Gn05-07 | Shayth- lived | after the birth of..so many years |
Gn05-10 | Enosh-- lived | after the birth of..so many years |
Gn05-13 | Kaynan- lived | after the birth of..so many years |
Gn05-16 | Mhlalel lived | after the birth of..so many years |
Gn05-22 | Canoch- walked with God | after the birth of..so many years |
Differs | *1 | *2 |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 There is a clear difference that while the other
humans just LIVED an ordinary physical life, Chanoch
by contrast LIVED A GODLY LIFE
*2 These phrases are the samed
|
CHANOCH WAS GODLY |
We continue the above list to focus on how Chanoch was different
than the other people in the Adam-Noach chain.
|
VERSE | PHRASE1 | PHRASE2 | PHRASE3 |
Gn05-05 | Adams--- | total life was so many years. | and he died |
Gn05-08 | Shayths- | total life was so many years. | and he died |
Gn05-11 | Enoshs-- | total life was so many years. | and he died |
Gn05-14 | Kaynans- | total life was so many years. | and he died |
Gn05-23 | Chanochs | total life was so many years. | and ..God took him |
Differ | *1 | *2 | *3 |
| | | |
COMMENTS |
*1 There is a clear difference: The other humans simply DIED
while Chanoch was TAKEN BY GOD. There seems to be an emphasis
here.
Rashi suggests one simply approach: Chanoch was vulnerable to
the temptations of his generation so GOD TOOK HIM prematurely
at a young age to preserve his innocence.
Can you suggest other approaches to this difference?
*2 This phrase is the same
|
AGE AT BIRTH |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
In Gn05-32a Rashi aligns the age at which the 10 generations between
Adam and Noach had children. As can be seen from the list below
the average person had his first child when he was between 60
and 180 years of age; but NOACH had his first child when he was
500. It is clear that this 500 number is peculiar---furthermore
several statistical tests show that indeed this 500 years for
the first birth is an outlier. Rashi suggests a possible reason: God
delayed Noachs first birth so that his children would be young and not
held fully accountable for possible sins due to the corruption of the
generation. |
VERSE | PERSON | AGE AT FIRST BIRTH |
Gn05-03 | Adam | 130 |
Gn05-06 | Shayth | 105 |
Gn05-09 | Enosh | 90 |
Gn05-12 | Kaynan | 70 |
Gn05-15 | Mahallalel | 65 |
Gn05-18 | Yered | 62 |
Gn05-21 | Chanoch | 65 |
Gn05-21 | Methuselah | 187 |
Gn05-24 | Lemech | 182 |
Gn05-32 | Noach | 500*1 |
| | |
COMMENTS |
*1 Of course the 500 APPEARS odd. *10
Rashi suggests one possible reason:
-- If Noach was 500 when he started having children
-- and was 600 when the flood started Gn07-06
-- Then his children were at most 100 at time of the flood
-- Hence because of their young age God would not have to
punish them for their sins.
-- We find precedent for God not punishing young people
for their sins(eg Nu14-29 -- those who sinned by
accepting the slander of the spies were ONLY PUNISHED
if they were above 20 years of age)
-- To clinch this argument Rashi cites verses that in
Noachs time, a 100 year old had the status of a young
person like a person of 20 in our days (Isa65-20)
We can make Rashi appear more palatable if we dont go
into details and simply suggest that by making Noachs
children young God exempted them from any possible
punishment that might happen from the corruption of the
generations
LONGER FOOTNOTES |
*10 We might add statistically
that
- the AVERAGE age of first birth is 145.60
- the MEDIAN age of firth birth is 105
- the STANDARD DEVIATION for first birth is 126.22
- The 1st QUARTILE is about 65
- The 3rd QUARTILE is about 150
Therefore by two well known statistical tests the 500
age is an outlier
- The 500 has a standardized value of 2.8, very unlikely
- The 500 is way above the UPPER OUTLIER RANGE
which is about 190+1.5*(150-65) or about 350
Thus the alignment shows the 500 years of age peculiar
| |
RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn05-01a
GENEALOGY CHAPTERS |
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Rashi aligns half a dozen chapters that describe the genealogies
and children of some person. Each of these chapters begins
slightly differently.
- One mentions children,
- one mentions wives,
- one mentions age,etc
So Rashi-is-Simple-also Rashis comments apply to all the chapters.
Each chapter has its own way of introducing the genealogies and
children.The opening sentence simply means THESE ARE THE CHILDREN
independent of how it is phrased.
----------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE: ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: MEANING
----------------------------------
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.
But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.
The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances.
Perhaps the most obvious way of explaining these alignment
differences is to assume that we are dealing with 2 WORDS
FOR THE SAME ITEM. This example is particularly potent in
poetry as the standard example below shows.
STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Gn49-11 describes the great abundance of the Messianic era
----------------------------------------------------
They can wash their clothes in wine
------------- their SUTHO in grape-blood
----------------------------------------------------
STUDENT EXERCISES:
------------------
-- Which word pairs in the aligned verses line up
-- Based on the Rashi alignment principle how would you explain
the words you dont understand
RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
-- The words CLOTH and the Hebrew word SUTHO line up
The word WINE and the phrase GRAPE-BLOOD line up
-- Hence, we translate SUTHO as CLOTHES
-- Hence we translate GRAPE BLOOD as WINE
STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm
This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.
Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at
http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm
This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.
HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
2 student exercises listed above.
The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.
TODAYS LIST
-----------
In todays list we examine several instances of entire Biblical
chapters dealing with genealogies of people. As can be seen
each chapter introduction is similar but slightly different.
For example one chapter may focus on the AGE when the children
were born while another will focus on the WIVES that produced
them while another will focus on their NAMES. The common
denominator is that they introduce chapters of genealogies.
Surprisingly Rashi is satisfied with this common denominator
and seeks no deeper meaning. |
VERSE | Opening Sentence of Chapter of Genealogies and Children*1 |
Gn05-01 | This is the book of Adams Children when God created |
Gn10-01 | These are the Children of Noach Shaym Cham & Yefeth |
Gn11-10 | These are the Children of Shaym Shaym was 100 years old |
Gn25-12 | These are the Children of Ishmael..these are the names.. |
Gn36-01 | These are the Children of Esauv..he took his wives from.. |
| |
COMMENTS |
*1 Observe how each chapter begins slightly differently
- One mentions children,
- one mentions wives,
- one mentions age,
- one emphasizes names etc
So Rashi-is-Simple--the differences mean nothing.
Each chapter has its own way of introducing the
genealogies and children...The opening sentence
simply means THESE ARE THE CHILDREN, independent
of how it is phrased
|
RASHI RULE USED: Alignment
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President
========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
He presents 2-6 meanings of words
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
- WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
- IN (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
- TO (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
- NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
- AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)
* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
Gn18-15a Gn24-33a
* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife
* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a
===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)
* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
-(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you
* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)
================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people
* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17
* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19
* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
Gn49-04 Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do
=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
---------------------------------------
Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
while DOING ITS WORK
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
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Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
(EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
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Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
(EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
(GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
* The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
* The law does not apply to real-estate or slander
=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)
==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================
* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
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EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)
* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
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Who am I
- THAT I should go to Pharaoh
- THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
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RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
- Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
- Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)
* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
verses but making small minor changes
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
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EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
VERSE PHRASE #1 PHRASE #2 PHRASE #3
------- --------- --------- ------------------
Ex20-03 Dont POSSESS the gods of others
Ex20-04 Dont MAKE idols
RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
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End of Rashi is Simple Digest
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