Volume 15 Number 17


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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 15 Number 17
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
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                     Produced Oct 12th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM	WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOK	A workbook with all Rashi skill competencies*1
QUESTION	Rabbi Strum asks about Child order: Shaym,Cham,Yft
ALIGNMENT	Several postings on ALIGNMENTS are presented

COMMENTS
*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual schools or home-schooling situations.

Rashis covered in this issue

VERSE	RULE	BRIEF DESCRIPTION
========	===============	========================================
Gn06-11b	Alignment	Sin of SEX/THEFT;Punished because THEFT
Gn06-13b	Alignment	Sin of SEX/THEFT;Punished because THEFT
Gn07-01a	Alignment	Only say partial praise before person
Gn12-02a	Example8	3 parts to blessing:MONEY,NAME,CHILDREN
Gn12-02b	Example8	3 parts to blessing:MONEY,NAME,CHILDREN
Gn12-02c	Example8	3 parts to blessing:MONEY,NAME,CHILDREN
---------	----------------	----------------------------------------




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VERSE: v101602a

Gn05-32b
REFERENCES ----------- See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h15n14.htm See http://www.RashiYomi.com/gn35-02b.htm
EMAIL ITEM	DETAILS
FROM--	Rabbi G Strum
TO--	rjhendel@juno.com
SUBJECT--	RE SHAYM, CHAM, YEFETH
DATE--	Sat, 9 Oct 2002

COMMENTS
BACKGROUND ---------- In the above postings we showed how -- In 4 verses Noachs sons are listed as SHAYM,CHAM,YEFETH -- But in the official genealogy chapter they are listed as YEFETH, CHAM, SHAYM Hence the conclusion that SHAYM was youngest (& hence listed last in the genealogy chapter) but was also the most mature (and hence listed first in the other verses) QUESTION ----------- But if the chapters list the children by maturity then the order should be SHAYM, YEFETH, CHAM (Since CHAM by virtue of his sexual molestation of his father was the most immature). The order SHAYM, CHAM, YEFETH seems to mix - MORAL ORDER (Shaym first) - AGE ORDER (Cham 2nd) This doesnt make sense George
LONGER FOOTNOTES
ANSWER ------- Georges question looked so good that I decided I couldnt answer it. This doesnt contradict my Rashi explanation since my opinion is that Rashi was really a MASORITE--his goal was to preserve the Biblical text---his goal wasnt to answer questions or pose them--rather his goal was to present anomalies that might harm the Biblical text and note them. But after thinking about this the whole week I suggested to George that perhaps this order SHAYM, CHAM, YEFETH was the moral order of the children BEFORE CHAM had sinned with his father. After he sinned with his father CHAM was most immature (But the 3 children are never mentioned again so we never see an order SHAYM, YEFETH, CHAM). George then told me on Shabbath that he believes there is either a sifsay chachamim or maharshal which states that the goal was to preserve the children order (Reverse age order). Either way this is not a question that can be answered by lists and hence it is impossible to arrive at a final conclusion. This email list specializes in those Rashis and Rashi principles that can be defended by LISTS Russell Jay Hendel; http://www.RashiYomi.Com



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VERSE: Gn06-11b

RASHIS COVERED: Gn06-11b Gn06-13b

WORLD DESTRUCTION
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ There are two verses describing world sin during the time of the flood. When listing the flood generation sins the Torah mentions both THEFT-MURDER crimes as well as IMMORALITY crimes. However when indicating the DECISION to destroy the world because of its sins ONLY the THEFT-MURDER crimes are mentioned This leads Rashi to identify THEFT-MURDER as more important than IMMORALITY in Gods decision making process about punishment --------------------------------- TODAYS RASHI RULE: ALIGNMENT TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: TWO CASES ---------------------------------- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE ------------------------- Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse. There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words used may all be normal. But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant differences. The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize certain nuances. A nifty way of explaining the ALIGNED verses is to think of ALIGNMENT as the vehicle that the Biblical Author uses to indicate FOOTNOTES. That is, a modern writer might use FOOTNOTES to indicate details; the Biblical Author instead used REPEATED ALIGNED VERSES with DIFFERENT DETAILS. The simplest case of ALIGNMENT is when the differences CLEARLY and EXPLICITLY show that we are dealing with two cases each with different details. The STANDARD example below from the 10 commandments illustrates this STANDARD EXAMPLE ---------------- Perhaps the simplest example of an alignment revealing two cases and two laws occurs in the 10 commandments. Ex01-02:03 states ---------------------------------------------- Ex20-02 you shall NOT HAVE the gods of others Ex20-03 you shall NOT MAKE idols ---------------------------------------------- STUDENT EXERCISES: ------------------ -- What is the SAME in the ALIGNED verses -- What is DIFFERENT in the ALIGNED verses -- State the 2 CASES you infer from the aligned differences RASHIS SOLUTION --------------- - Both verses begin YOU SHALL NOT. In other words they are negative prohibitions. - One verse prohibits HAVING idols while the 2nd verse prohibits MAKING idols - THere are 2 separate idolatry prohibitions: MANUFACTURE (even if you dont keep them) and OWNERSHIP/POSSESION (even if you dont make them) STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE --------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the 57 postings leading up to by going to http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc. Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis. The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01. HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS ------------------------------------------ You can use the LISTS referenced above for school projects. Here is how. If you are a teacher then you can present the two aligned verses and ask the students to perform the 3 student exercises listed above. The students can then compare their analysis with that of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi. TODAYS LIST ----------- We present two lists: In this list we align the two verses about the state of the world. In the second list we show that the word CHAMAS means MURDER-THEFT.
VERSE	PHRASE1	PHRASE2	PHRASE3
Gn06-13b	I-ll destroy world because	---------------	of theft
Gn06-11	The world is -------------	corrupted	thefting
Differ	*1	*2	*2

COMMENTS
1 One verse describes the sins of the world while the second describes why God is destroying the world Thus the 2 verses deal with 2 cases 2 When discussing the sins of the world CORRUPTION is mentioned (which denotes sexual and Idolatrous crimes) while when discussing the REASONS for destroying the world CORRUPTION is not mentioned This leads Rashi to the conclusion that THEFT-MURDER (vs general immorality) was the more important determinant in destroying the world This comparison of THEFT-MURDER vs IMMORALITY carries implications for our values on these sins.

CHAMAS--THEFT-MURDER
*In this second list we show that CHAMAS refers to such crimes as THEFT-MURDER etc 10**
VERSE	TEXT OF VERSE WITH MEANING OF chamas CAPPED
Ju09-24	MURDER of 70 brothers
Gn49-05	Shimon/Levi MURDERED Schem
Am03-10	hoard THEFT & BOOTY in their treasure chests
Is59-06	They do CHAMAS with their hands
Dt16-16:19	Witnesses of CHAMAS..(THEFT/MURDER/MORAL SIN)

COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10 Interestingly Rashi identifies CHAMAS with THEFT But as is clear from the above list it can refer EITHER to THEFT or MURDER. Consequently this is a (minor) example of how Rashi can/should be amended



RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT

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VERSE: Gn07-01a

PRAISING SOMEONE
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Noach is DESCRIBED by the torah as RIGHTEOUS & PERFECT But when GOD SPEAKS TO NOACH he calls Noach only RIGHTEOUS Rashi-is-Simple and distinguishes two cases: To a persons face one should never utter all his praise. This inference is justified using the INFERENCE-2-CASES method. --------------------------------- TODAYS RASHI RULE: ALIGNMENT TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: TWO CASES ---------------------------------- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE ------------------------- Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse. There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words used may all be normal. But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant differences. The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize certain nuances. A nifty way of explaining the ALIGNED verses is to think of ALIGNMENT as the vehicle that the Biblical Author uses to indicate FOOTNOTES. That is, a modern writer might use FOOTNOTES to indicate details; the Biblical Author instead used REPEATED ALIGNED VERSES with DIFFERENT DETAILS. The simplest case of ALIGNMENT is when the differences CLEARLY and EXPLICITLY show that we are dealing with two cases each with different details. The STANDARD example below from the 10 commandments illustrates this STANDARD EXAMPLE ---------------- Perhaps the simplest example of an alignment revealing two cases and two laws occurs in the 10 commandments. Ex01-02:03 states ---------------------------------------------- Ex20-02 you shall NOT HAVE the gods of others Ex20-03 you shall NOT MAKE idols ---------------------------------------------- STUDENT EXERCISES: ------------------ -- What is the SAME in the ALIGNED verses -- What is DIFFERENT in the ALIGNED verses -- State the 2 CASES you infer from the aligned differences RASHIS SOLUTION --------------- - Both verses begin YOU SHALL NOT. In other words they are negative prohibitions. - One verse prohibits HAVING idols while the 2nd verse prohibits MAKING idols - THere are 2 separate idolatry prohibitions: MANUFACTURE (even if you dont keep them) and OWNERSHIP/POSSESION (even if you dont make them) STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE --------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the 57 postings leading up to by going to http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc. Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis. The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01. HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS ------------------------------------------ You can use the LISTS referenced above for school projects. Here is how. If you are a teacher then you can present the two aligned verses and ask the students to perform the 3 student exercises listed above. The students can then compare their analysis with that of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi. TODAYS LIST ----------- We align the two verses about Noaches greatness
VERSE	PHRASE1	PHRASE2	PHRASE3
Gn07-01a	God to Noach:	You are RIGHTEOUS	------------
Gn06-09	DESCRIPTION:	Noach is RIGHTEOUS	AND PERFECT
Differs	*1	*1	*1

COMMENTS
*1 (Gn06-09) Noach was RIGHTEOUS and PERFECT but when speaking to him God only said that he was RIGHTEOUS Hence Rashi infers the 2 cases ---------------------------------------------------------- You shouldnt state all praises of a person in his presence ----------------------------------------------------------



RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT-2 CASES

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VERSE: Gn12-02a

RASHIS COVERED: Gn12-02a Gn12-02b Gn12-02c

BLESSING
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Gn12-02 uses a DETAIL-GENERAL style. God promises Abraham - DETAIL- I will make you a great NATION - DETAIL- I will BLESS YOU - DETAIL- I will give you a GREAT NAME The Bible then gives an all-inclusive statement - GENERAL-You will be a (source of) BLESSING The Rabbi Ishmael Style rules require that we generalize the details to fit into the general statment. Accordingly Rashi explains the 3 details as 3 essential components of blessing--PEOPLE (nation), MONEY, REPUTATION (Great name) ------------------------------------------------------ TODAYS RASHI RULE: THE RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE RULES TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE: GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL STYLE ------------------------------------------------------ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE ------------------------- Some Rashis deal with GRAMMAR or MEANING. But other Rashis deal with STYLE. The Great Talmudic Sage Rabbi Ishmael, laid down 3 style rule classes which divide into a dozen or so rules. Today we deal with the DETAIL-GENERAL or GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL style. In this style the verse first states something specifically and then repeats the requirement generally. The Rabbi Ishmael Style rules then demand that the specific details be partially generalized. This requirement of generalization is not because of grammar or meaning or even because some word in the verse is extra: Rather, it is a requirement of style. STANDARD EXAMPLE ---------------- The simplest example I could find occurs at Ex25-31. ----------------------------------------------------------- DETAIL-SPECIFIC: Make a Candellabrah of PURE GOLD GENERAL: Sculptored shall you make the Candellabrah ----------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT EXERCISES: ----------------- -- Can you restate the verse in a simple style without the SPECIFIC-GENERAL form? -- How would you apply the Rabbi Ishmael requirement of partial generalization to the detail in this verse RASHIS SOLUTION --------------- (NOTE: This example occurs in the Talmud but is not brought down by Rashi). There are at least two ways to state the verse without the SPECIFIC-GENERAL style: -- Make a Golden Menorah that is sculptored with all parts coming from it. -- Make a menorah that is sculptored with all parts coming from it. Both the above sentences are simple. By contrast the Bible used a 2-sentence approach with one sentence being SPECIFIC and the other being GENERAL --- Make a Golden Menorah --- Make a ------ Menorah Sculptored with all parts coming from it. In other words the Bible deliberately used a STYLE of stating the idea in 2 verses. The Talmud then explains how the SPECIFIC DETAIL, GOLD, is PARTIALLY GENERALIZED: The Menorah can be made of anything SIMILAR TO GOLD--that is ANY METAL. 10 11 STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE --------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example7.htm You can also revu the whole Rabbi Ishmael style series at http://www.RashiYomi.com/ishmael.htm Finally you can visit the Daily Rashi calendar at http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm The Rabbi Ishmael series occured during August and September 2000. HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS ------------------------------------------ You can use the LISTS referenced above for school projects. Here is how. If you are a teacher then you can present the verses with the general-specific-general style and ask the students to perform the 2 student exercises listed above. The students can then compare their analysis with that of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.
TEXT OF VERSE Gn12-02	ITEM	BLESSING IN
I will make you a great NATION	Many children	PEOPLE*1
I will bless you	Many assets/money	MONEY*2
I will make great your NAME	Big name	REPUTATION*1
------------------------------	------------------	------------
And you will be a blessing	Source of blessing	BLESSING*3

COMMENTS
1 I think it is clear that -NATION refers to blessings in PEOPLE -NAME refers to blessings in REPUTATION 2 The astute reader will note that the Biblical phrase I WILL BLESS YOU does NOT necessarily only mean MONETARY blessing. However, the reason that this phrase is interpreted as monetary blessing is because of the DETAIL-GENERAL style which requires that we PERCEIVE the DETAILS of the verse as INDICATING THE COMPONENTS of the GENERAL rule. The components of NAME , PEOPLE are clear. Rashi therefore fills in the remaining component as MONEY He does this NOT because of the meaning of the words but rather because of the requirements of the style.12 3 The statement BE A BLESSING is similar to the description of Joseph: Gn39-05 ----------------------------------------------------------- From the time that Joseph was appointed over his house his master was blessed by God ----------------------------------------------------------- A similar concept is related about Jacob who was a source of blessing for Laban (Gn30-30) -------------------------------------------------------- Even though your sheep were small in number before hand, nevertheless, God has blessed you by my sheparding -------------------------------------------------------- This is the GENERAL concept of BEING A BLESSING to someone From this general concept we see 3 aspects -- blessings in assets -- blessings in people -- blessings in reputation*12
LONGER FOOTNOTES
10 If the Bible had only stated MAKE A CANDELLABRAH OF GOLD then we would use the FULL GENERALIZATION RULE. We could then make the MENORAH of anything (eg wood). The difference between the FULL GENERALIZATION and PARTIAL GENERALIZATION rule IS discussed in the Talmud but we will not deal with it now 11 Note: The Bible gives AUTHORITY to the Sanhedrin to make a final determination on HOW to apply these STYLE RULES. This is explicitly stated in Dt17-09:11. Thus these style rules differ from grammar rules or dictionary rules which always reach one conclusion. Instead, these style rules can lead to different conclusions by different people. Each conclusion reached is a fulfillment of the law of learning Torah. However the law follows the Sanhedrin or the Talmud or the leading sages of the day which have final authority in this matter. *12 This seems to be the proper way of interpreting the verses. With this interpretation we can see Rashis explanations as good examples of the general principle that ABRAHAM is a source of blessing in monetary, people and reputation matters. In other words in light of the above analysis I would not interpret Rashis particular explanations as EXHAUSTIVE of the verses meaning -- Rather I would interpret them as INDICATIVE and as an EXAMPLE of the verses meaning.



RASHI RULE USED: EXAMPLE8

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          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest

#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#