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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 15 Number 4
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h15n4.htm

                     Produced Aug 19th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

Whats new and hot in this issue?

*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.

*2 This posting also shows how to critically analyze
   early authoritys and the questions they raise.

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: v080819a

QUESTION
-----------
Can you give a satisfying explanation to the singular-plural
shifts in Dt24-16. I know what the commentaries say but I
would like to see some good solid lists of examples. The
capped words below show the singular-plural problem.

 ----------------------------------------------------
 FatherS shall not be executed for their childREN
 and childREN shall not be executed for their fatherS
 EACH person shall be executed for HIS sin
 ----------------------------------------------------

ANSWER
-------
Yehuda

If you wish to peak ahead the Malbim gives a rather full
and detailed theory on Gn49-28.

While the Malbim, as is his traditional custom, gives many
examples, the rules and lists could use some tightening up

I had been planning to look into this more closely and
will do so at the earliest convenience.

Thanks for asking.

Russell Jay Hendel; Moderator Rashi-is-Simple

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Dt26-02a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt26-02a Ex34-26a Lv22-07a Lv01-14a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt26-02a Ex34-26a FROM indicates PART
Lv22-07a

VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is the explanation of grammar. One
part of grammar deals with the usage and meaning of connective
words like FROM.  A general guideline is that the word FROM is
usually not necessary and indicates that a rule applies only
to part of a group. The verse pairs below show that indeed the
word FROM is not necessary. For example
- Dt26-02a Take FROM all the first fruit
- Ex24-26a Take -------- the first fruit
Thus not all fruit have a first-fruit requirement. The Bible
does not indicate what is excluded but we infer it from logic.

--------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:              GRAMMARr
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:           CONNECTIVES
--------------------------------------------


STANDARD REFERENCES
-------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/grammar.htm


TODAYS LIST
-----------
We bring 3 alignments showing that the word FROM is not
necessary. This leads to the conclusion that only part of the
group is required. We then logically exclude some subgroup.
We use logic to identify this subgroup.*10

*1 We use the principle of stages:
   -- Only certain fruit have first-fruit requirements
   -- So it is probably the fruit Israel is praised for
   (The 7 fruit types mentioned in Dt08-08)

*2 Only CERTAIN birds can be offered
   So we exclude the most obvious type(Damaged birds(Ex22-30))

*3 SOME items can be eaten after going to Mikveh while others
   cannot.The foods that priests eat are either TERUMAH or
   SACRIFICES From the context we infer that the Torah is
   speaking about Terumah since the whole chapter is speaking
   about Terumah.

   (Indeed it speaks about daughters of priests eating these
   holy things and women may eat Terumah but not sacrifices
   Nu18-10:11)

*10 The Malbim developed this principle, that FROM refers
    to PART of a group in great detail. The Malbim also
    distinguishes between MIN and M both of which mean FROM.

    However while the MALBIMS goals were to explain Talmudic
    midrash, my goals, are to justify all rules with
    database queries.

    At the present time we can justify tha sometimes FROM
    refers to PART OF A SUBGROUP. We infer this rule by
    the alignments in the list above.

    I expect that as more examples appear we will get
    closer to MALBIMS formulation (However we will have
    the lists to back it up)

RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Dt28-65a

RASHIS COVERED: Dt28-65a Dt28-29a Dt28-65b

VERY BRIEF SUMMARY:
-------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain meaning the same way the
dictionary does. Dictionary explanation, far from being a routine
task, is very often challenging. We present some real peaches of
Rashi here. Rashi explains
-- Ayin-Shin-Kuph doesnt mean to steal--it means WITHOLDING WAGES
-- Resh-Gimel-Zayin refers not so much to anger as TREMBLING
-- Resh-Gimel-Ayin can mean CRACK, SECOND, CALM:
---- In the ACTIVE tense R-G-A means to CRACK TO PARTICLES
---- In the NOUN form R-G-A means a SECOND--a PARTICLE of time
---- In the PASSIVE tense R-G-A means to REST--GIVE-ME-A-SECOND

---------------------------------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:                              WORD MEANINGS
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:                           UNIFIED MEANING
---------------------------------------------------------------

STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.RashiYomi.com/words.htm  The RashiYomi dictionary

TODAYS LISTS
------------
We present below 6 lists
-- 2 Lists explain that A-Sh-K means to WITHOLD
----- one list derives this from verses with A-Sh-K
----- another list derives this a second way
-- 1 list derives RGZ=TREMBLE from several verses with RGZ
-- 2 lists derive the 4 meanings of R-G-A
----- one lists verses with R-G-As 4 meanings
----- a second list gives meaning by tense & unifies them
The last 2 lists also shows a beautiful analysis of some
questions raised by the RADACK

HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS below for school projects.
Here is how, if you are a teacher then you can
present an unknown word like AShK, RGZ etc and ask students
-- to find comparable verses with this word
-- infer the PRECISE nuances of the word

In doing this exercise the challenge is to be precise.
Thus most students can see that A-Sh-K means to STEAL
but can they find out that it means STEALING by WITHOLDING
WAGES. Similarly most students can find that R-G-Z means
to get ANGRY but can they find that RGZ means to get so
angry that a person TREMBLES.

Similarly if a word like R-G-A has several meanings
then you can ask students to
-- list all meanings of the word with supporting verses
-- attempt to find a unifying theme.

The students solution can then be compared with Rashis.
This leads to greater appreciation & insight into Rashi

Here is the first list---verses showing that A-Sh-K means
to WITHOLD WAGES*1

*1 Hence on Dt28-29a which states
   --------------------------------------
   You will be WITHELD every day
   --------------------------------------

   Rashi states
   ------------------------------------
   You will be the subject of many lawsuits
   ------------------------------------

   This clicks right since WITHOLDING vs STEALING
   has a connotation of lawsuits.

In this second list Rashi derives the meaning of
A-Sh-K from Lv05-21b which describes 5 stages of theft

See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-21b.htm for further
details

In the list below we present 5 verses where R-G-Z clearly
means TO TREMBLE. It also can mean ANGER and refers to ANGER
where the person TREMBLES.

In this list we present the 4 meanings of RGA.
Each meaning is accompanied by verses illustrating
the usage.

These meanings are also presented by RADACK in his
book BIBLICAL ROOTS.*10

*10 Radack does not distinguish between the PASSIVE
    and CAUSATIVE tense--he claims they both mean
    REST. I distinguish slightly between them claiming
    that one means a STATE OF REST while the other
    refers to CALMING down. (See the next list below
    for further details).

    Radack also brings several other verses which might
    belong to either the REST or CRACK meaning. Thus
    Jer49-19 could either be translated as
    --for the lion CRACKS the enemy..who can withstand
    --for the lion finds a RESTPLACE--who can withstand

    One of the great joys in reading Rishonim is finding
    odd problems like this and solving them.

    In this case what I have done is added one small
    component to the Radack...the component of Grammatical
    tense. I show in the next list that each tense
    has a specific meaning. I also show how each meaning
    falls under a unified meaning.

    Using this correspondence--between grammatical mode
    and meaning--we can settle the questions the Radack
    presents: Our discovery is that each word obeys
    the unique meaning associated with that Grammatical
    mode.

We present here the 4 meanings of R-G-A
We also show the relationship between each meaning &
grammatical mode.

I think these relationships are clear since the
English metaphors are clear.

*1 Thus in the PASSIVE TENSE I passively receive the
   WAIT-A-SECOND atmoshphere

   Similarly in the CAUSATIVE Tense I cause other
   people--bosses, family, friends-- to WAIT-A-SECOND
   before doing what they ask. Thus the CAUSATIVE tense
   does not refer so much to ME calming down as it refers
   to a WAIT-A-SECOND atmosphere.

RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#




          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest

#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#